Методические указания по английскому языку для самостоятельной работы по выполнению

контрольных заданий для студентов всех направлений факультета заочного образования

Составители : Бикбова Л.Н. Шумакова И.С.

Челябинск 2012

ВАРИАНТ 1

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:

Engines

Do you know what the first engine was like? It was called the “water wheel”. This was an ordinary wheel with blades fixed to it, and the current of a river turned it. These first engines were used for irrigating fields.

Then a wind –powered engine was invented. This was a wheel, but a very small one. Long wide wooden blades were attached to it. The new engine was driven by the wind. Some of these one can still see in the country.

Both of these, the waterand wind-operated engines are very economical. They do not need fuel in order to function. But they are dependent on the weather.

Many years passed and people invented a new engine. One operated by steam. In a steam engine, there is a furnace and a boiler. The furnace is filled with wood or coal ant then lit. The fire heats the water in the boiler and when it boils, it turns into steam which does some useful work.

The more coal is put in the furnace, the stronger the fire is burning. The more steam there is the faster a train or a boat is moving.

The steam engine drove all sorts of machines, for example, steam ships and steam locomotives. Indeed, the very first aeroplane was built by A.F. Mozhaisky also had a steam engine. However, the steam engine had its disadvantages. It was too large and heavy, and needed too much fuel.

The imperfections of the steam engine led to the design of a new type. It was called the internal combustion engine, because its fuel ignites and burns inside the engine itself and not in a furnace. It is smaller and lighter than a steam engine because it does not have a boiler. It is more powerful, as it uses better-quality fuel petrol.

2. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1) The new engine was driven by the wind.

2)In a steam engine, there is a furnace and a boiler.

3)First engines were used for irrigating fields.

4)The steam engine drove all sorts of machines.

5)The first aeroplane was built by A.F. Mozhaisky.

3.Определите время глагола-сказуемого:

1)The fire heats the water in the boiler.

2)The steam engine had its disadvantages.

3)Long wide wooden blades were attached to it

4)Wind-operated engines are very economical.

5)The imperfections of the steam engine led to the design of a new type.

4.Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста:

1)In a diesel engine, there is a furnace and a boiler.

2)The waterand wind-operated engines are very economical.

3)The internal combustion engine is more powerful.

4)A wind –powered engine was not invented.

5)The steam engine drove steam ships and steam locomotives.

5.Найдите английские эквиваленты для следующих слов и

словосочетаний:

Паровой двигатель, двигатель внутреннего сгорания, на самом деле, однако, недостатки.

6. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся следующие слова и переведите их:

Ordinary, economical, dependent, boiler, internal, heavy, furnace, function.

7. Ответьте письменно на вопросы:

1)What was the first engine like?

2)What are engines very economical?

3)Who built the first aeroplane?

4)What is the internal combustion engine?

5)What are disadvantages of the steam engine?

ВАРИАНТ 2

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:

Car of Future

Ever since Nicolas Cugnot, a Frenchman, invented the first self-propelled road vehicle in 1770 there has been no shortage of companies willing to make a better automobile. Over years their efforts have given users the gasoline engine, the electric starter, tubeless tires, fuel-injected engines and anti-lock brakes, these are only a few innovations. What is next? Here are some examples of what the car designers are working at in the world today.

Engineers are experimenting with a state-of –are system that enables drivers to see better after dark. This “night vision” system uses infrared sensors that can detect a human figure at night more than 1, 600 feet away. That’s five times the distance at which conventional headlights are effective. The sensors pick up infrared rays emitted by any object that gives off heat. An imageprocessing system scans the information from the sensors, creating different images for different objects.

One of the latest applications of sophisticated electronics is the wheelcomputerized system that not only monitors air pressure in automobile tires but adjusts it automatically. This system in addition enables a driver to set tire pressure while seated. The system developed consists of three separate modules. The first is the instrument panel display which houses the system’s main microprocessor, programming buttons and warning signals. The second component is the detector drive module which is essentially four microchips attached in one unit to the chassis. Each chip detecting pressure changes that may occur, the transistors within the module signal the third component- a programmable transducer. The transducer attached to each wheel changes the tire pressure accordingly.

2. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1)Nicolas Cugnot invented the first self-propelled road vehicle in 1770.

2)The “night vision” system uses infrared sensors that can detect a human figure.

3)An image-processing system scans the information from the sensors.

4)The system developed consists of three separate modules.

5)The second component is the detector drive module.

3.Определите время глагола-сказуемого:

1)Car designers are working at in the world today.

2)Over years companies’ efforts have given users the gasoline engine.

3)The sensors pick up infrared rays emitted by any object that gives off heat.

4)The wheel-computerized system enables a driver to set tire pressure while seated.

5)The transducer attached to each wheel changes the tire pressure accordingly.

4.Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста:

1)There has been no shortage of companies willing to make a better plane.

2)An image-processing system scans the information from the sensors.

3)One of the first applications of sophisticated electronics is the wheelcomputerized system.

4)The system developed consists of five separate modules.

5)The third component is a programmable transducer.

5.Найдите английские эквиваленты для следующих слов и словосочетаний:

Бескамерная шина, тормоз с антиблокировочным устройством, дизельный двигатель, новейшая система, встроенная панель.

6.Определите, к каким частям речи относятся следующие слова и переведите их:

Designer, effective, human, sophisticated, application, separate, accordingly, conventional.

7. Ответьте письменно на вопросы:

1)Who was Nicolas Cugnot?

2)What are engineers experimenting?

3)What does an image-processing create?

4)How does the wheel-computerized system work?

5)What are the modules of the wheel-computerized system?