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The Open University has helped greatly towards the ideal of education accessible to everyone who aspires to it, at every level.

For those retired people who do not want to work for diplomas or degrees there is a university of the Third Age with about 100 centres. It gets no government funds, and collects small subscriptions from its participants.

VII. Fashion in education

Fashions in education change. The great rise of sociology in the 1960s has been replaced by an even greater burgeoning of business studies and of training in the skills of management. Modern government policies cannot afford to neglect the role of education in developing the skills needed in the contemporary world-not only in applied sciences, but in the numeracy, at different levels, required in a world where computers have an increasing role, and also, in a quite different direction, in the ability to make effective use of languages other than English. Dutch and Scandinavian people can perform better in English than the British can in any other language. The Japanese may be less competent with foreign languages even than the British, but their mathematical skills, as well as others have been shown to be superior.

The government is rather more supportive in its attitude to the polytechnics than to the older universities. Most polytechnic students study applied sciences, management or business studies. Their provision for languages is in general directed to the development of practical competence, including ability to cope with the special forms of language needed for aspects of the contemporary world’s activities. There is, in general, a new emphasis on the role of education in preparing people for their future functions in the economy.

Vocabulary

to do full-time courses – заниматься на дневном отделении

to be maintained by the local education authorities – содержаться местными органами

to attend classes – посещать занятия

to prepare oneself for diplomas or certificates of proficiency in … - готовиться

к

защите дипломов по …

to make statements – утверждать

to develop new skills – приобретать новую профессию

to provide courses suitable for … - готовить курсы обучения, удобные для … to pass the advanced level certificate of education – сдать выпускные экзамены

to be awarded some degree – присвоить степень applied sciences – прикладные науки

social sciences – общественные науки political sciences – политические науки

practical training courses – практические курсы

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to gain a degree in any subject – получить степень a governing body – орган управления

to be composed of – состоять из

to be appointed by – быть назначенным

to issue prospectures – выпускать проспекты

to get an application form – получить форму заявления to be interviewed by lecturers – подвергнуться опросу to accept an applicant – принять кандидата

the grades obtained in the advanced-level certificate examinations – оценки,

полученные предварительно adult education – образование для взрослых (любой возраст)

extra-mural department – заочное отделение

to satisfy the needs – соответствовать требованиям

to study in one’s spare time for degrees – обучаться в свободное время full-time staff – полный штат основных сотрудников

to present on one of the BBC’s Channels – идти по каналам ББС a part-time tutor – преподаватель по совместительству

to have short residential summer courses – проходить краткие летние курсы to suit one’s individual needs and preferences – соответствовать личным

потребностям

to collect some subscriptions from the participants – собирать взносы с уч-ов to work for diplomas or degrees – работать над дипломом или степенью

Ex.1 Make the correct form of the verb in brackets, using Present Simple Passive:

1.Education after School (to be done) in various colleges and universities.

2.They (to be maintained) by the local education authorities.

3.The attempts (to be made) to provide courses suitable for most of the people.

4.The first degree of Bachelor (to be attained) by students who pass their university examinations.

5.Bachelor’s degrees (to be awarded) on the basis of answers to several threehour examinations.

6.A successful students (to be awarded) CNAA degrees.

7.A governing body (to be composed) of professors, lecturers and students’ representatives and local notables.

8.A vice-Chancellor (to be appointed) by the Council.

9.The teaching (to be done) mostly in laboratories or in tutorial groups.

10.Students (to be required) to write numerous essays or seminar papers.

Ex.2 Make the correct form of the verb, using Past Simple Passive:

1.The University of Wales (to be established) in 1893.

2.A new body (to be set up) in 1964.

3.The Open University (to be devised) to satisfy the needs of working people.

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4.The great rise of sociology (to be replaced) by a burgeoning of business studies in the 1960s.

5.The skills of management (to be tought) in the 1960s.

Ex.3 Say whether these statements are true or false:

1.All students do full-time courses.

2.Many students have jobs and attend classes in the evenings or on one or two days a week.

3.The first degree of Bachelor can be attained by students who pass their university examinations.

4.Some students continue to study for degree of Master.

5.Each university has its own organization.

6.Students are required to write numerous essays or seminar papers.

7.University extra-mural departments provide a great range of evening classes.

8.Modern government policies cannot neglect the role of education in developing the skills needed in the contemporary world.

9.Computers have an increasing role in the ability to make effective use of languages.

10.There is a new emphasis on the role of the education in preparing people for their future functions in the economy.

Ex.4 Complete the sentences:

1.Most formal education after school is done … .

2.They are specialized or mostly maintained … .

3.The students are of all ages, including order people … .

4.Bachelors’ degrees are usually awarded on … .

5.Most people who become BA, BSc, etc, do so it … .

6.Degrees of Master need two further years of study with … .

7.Higher-degree study is more common among students of … .

8.The universities have always been independent of both … .

9.Each university has a council as its own effective … .

10.A governing body is composed of … .

Ex.5 Insert the prepositions if necessary:

1.A vice-chancellor is appointed … - the Council.

2.Some essays or seminar papers may be used … assessment towards the class … degree awarded.

3.There are usually not more than twelve students … each teacher … a department.

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4.Anyone wanting to enter … a university gets copies … several … prospectures describing its courses and an application form … Universities’ Central Council … Admissions.

5.Applicants may be interviewed … lecturers who decide which … the applicants to accept.

6.Some … evening classes are led … full-time extra-mural tutors, others … regular lecturers … their spare time.

7.A recent change … policy has enabled some … evening courses to end … formal examinations, and diplomas … the successful students.

8.The Open University has devised to satisfy the needs … working people … any age who wish to study … their spare time … degrees.

9.Anyone can buy a whole “library” … short coursebooks … post or … any major bookshop.

10.Most course work is run … part-time tutors, many of whom are lecturers … other universities.

Ex.6 Answer the questions:

1.What has the great rise of sociolody in the 1960s been replaced by?

2.Who do most polytechnic students study?

3.What is the government’ provision for languages in general directed to?

4.May the students of all ages spread their studies? Where?

5.There has been great progress with adult education, hasn’t there? In what way?

6.Does each university have a quota of new students?

7.In what way is the teaching done?

8.What does each university have? How many faculties and departments?

9.What governing bodies of the system of education do you know?

10.Whom are universities mostly maintained by?

Ex.7 Make up a brief rendering of the text. You must do the following:

a)read the following text again;

b)divide the text into several parts;

c)put a question to each part (make up a plan);

d)find out the main idea of each part;

e)make up a short topic.

Ex.8 Make up and act a short dialogue about education after school in our country or any city.

Ex.9 What information can you give about entering the academy:

a)what was the most difficult thing for you and why?

b)Why did you enter the academy?