4907

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1.attribute sth to sth – относить за счет, приписывать

2.tough – likely to behave in a violent way; very strong and able to deal with difficult situations in a strong determined way; tough nut – s/one who is very determined; cf.: rugged – tough; strong and able to deal with difficult conditions – крутой, грубый,

необработанный

3.mold – shape, form – формировать

4.resourcefulness – being good at finding effective ways to deal with problems –

находчивость

5.pay off – bring some benefit – давать отдачу

6.bleach – to remove the color from /th with a chemical or through the action

отбеливать

7.ordain – предписывать, предопределять

8.subsume – относить к какой-либо категории

9.endure – remain, last – сохраняться

10.confine – restrict, limit – сдерживать, загонять в рамки

11.untamed – неприрученный, неподконтрольный

12.prowess [prauэs]– expertise –great skill or ability; great bravery – удаль, отвага,

мощь

13.permeate – spread into and through – пронизывать, распространиться, проникнуть

14.vital – very important, necessary, or essential; life-and-death, critical – жизненно важный

15.place control on – установить контроль над к-л/ ч-л

16.rifle –gun – винтовка

17.over-coverage – чрезмерное освещение в средствах массовой информации; coverage – news about sth in mass media; used about the amount of attention that television, radio, and newspapers give to sth, or the way in which sth is reported

18.innocent – (1)used about s/one who is harmed by a crime or a bad situation, but has done nothing wrong – ни в чем не повинный ; not guilty of a crime, blameless –. Ant guilty, blameworthy – невинный, не виновный; (2) unknowing, naïve, unsophisticated – неискушенный, ни в чем не повинный

19.lax – slack – not caring enough about quality or safety, or not paying enough attention to rules – расхлябанный, безалаберный

20.vouch for – guarantee, to say that you believe that sth or s/one is true, correct, or good – поручиться за

21.adolescence – the period of your life when you change from being a child to being

a young adult – юность; adolescent – (1)relating to the period of adolescence юный, подростковый; Ant. adult, mature; (2) silly and considered typical of a young person

– незрелый, неразумный = immature

Vocabulary Check

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Choose between two alternatives to correctly complete the sentences.

1.The committee was set up under the terms /reservations of a voluntary agreement.

2.A sense of deep loss confines/ permeates Frost’s poetry.

3.It was becoming increasingly difficult to endure/ justify such expenditure.

4.He had a tanned rugged/ bleached face which seemed attractive to local ladies.

5.They voiced their worries about lax/ untamed airport security.

6.We can pay off / vouch for the software.

7.The kinds of governments that limit the power of the people cannot endure/ permeate for long.

8.Skilful employees are attributed /vital to the success of any company.

9.The defendant was found guilty/ innocent and was set free.

10.Why do so many adults act in such an adolescent/ vital way?

Comment on

Here are some of the American proverbs and sayings. How could you explain them? Try to find some other examples of sayings about succeeding on your own or being tough.

“Actions Speak Louder Than Words.”

“Raise Yourself Up by Your Own Bootstraps.” “The Squeaky Wheel Gets the Grease.”

Where do you stand?

Do you agree or disagree with each of the statements below? Put a check under the number that indicates how you feel.

+2 Strongly agree

+1 Agree

0 No opinion -1 Disagree

-2 Strongly disagree

1.I admire the rugged individualists who stand alone and do not need others.

2.Physical strength is more important than intelligence and sensitivity.

3.Sometimes using physical violence is the only way to solve a problem.

4.Carrying a gun is a good way to protect yourself from robbers.

5.Having a gun in your home is a good way to protect yourself against robbers.

6.The ownership of guns does more to increase crime and violence than it does to ensure the safety of citizens.

7.I believe people should not own guns and there should be strict laws controlling the sale of guns.

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8.Every problem has a solution.

9.What you do is more important than who you are.

Suggestions for Writing

Choose one of the statements below as the topic for your composition.

1.Westerners controlled nature and bleached it white, even if this literally involved the destruction of colored races.

2.The ownership of guns does more to increase crime and violence than it does to ensure the safety of citizens.

3.The ownership of guns does more to ensure the safety of citizens.

I.Choose between the two alternatives to correctly complete the sentences.

1.The fact that the US is unprotected from blasts of cold air from the north and warm air from the south is the cause of great fluctuations / diversities of temperature.

2.The waters of the Great Lakes have their outflows / outlets into the Atlantic Ocean by the St. Lawrence River, flowing mostly across Canada.

3.About one quarter of Americans trace their dominant legacy / ancestry to Great Britain.

4.Many ethnic groups have moved from a position of disdained / descended outsider to one of full participation in social, economic and political life, others who faced hostility / identity for decades, overcame these loyalties / hurdles of racism and ethnic discrimination.

5.People conflict and prejudice / census increases when economic life falters / alternates, because people see themselves as competing for the same misleading / scarce resources.

6.New England was established in the early 1600s by deeply religious people anxious to escape the domination and shrewdness / corruption they found in England.

7.This area was occupied by New Englanders in 1800 and stamped / steepled with their particular culture.

8.The original patterns of proprietorship /worship, as well as learning and idealism, had preserved and voted / rivaled New England.

9.The Dutch purchased / persuaded the island from the Native Americans and laid claim / appealed to the land, establishing trading post.

10.Most of New York’s theaters are populated / clustered around Times Square and on Broadway.

11.There is an inflow /welfare of highly-educated 20-to35-year-olds, along with an outlet / outflow of very young and the old, in part due to the spiraling downtown realestate / stock exchange prices and incomes.

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12.A few sky-scrapers have since scared / soared higher, but none has surpassed / shrunk Empire State Building’s majesty.

II.Say TRUE or FALSE

1.The Hudson River flows into the Mississippi River.

2.Mount McKinley is the highest peak in California.

3.The highest temperatures are observed in Death Valley.

4.Colorado Plateau is the lowest point in the USA.

5.Alaska is the biggest state in the USA.

6.More than 40 million Latinos live in the United States today.

7.Christianity is the official religion in America.

8.The first US college was founded in New England.

9.Germans had ruled New York from the 1620s and then sold it to the English

10.The Dakota is one of the five boroughs of New York

11.Since the 1920s, Harlem became an area mostly populated by blacks.

12.New England was settled in the 1800s by Puritans who had very strict rules about the way people lived.

13.New England occupies 2% of the country’s land but more than 20% of the population

14.New York’s nickname is the “Island on the hill”.

15.George Washington was inaugurated as the first US president in New York in

1789.

III. GUESS WHAT STATE IS MEANT

(1)Some 480 states the size of …… could be carved from Alaska, but the Union’s tiniest member has three times the population of its giant sister. Its population density of 923 per square mile is surpassed only by New Jersey’s. It gets its name from the island in the Old World, though the name is misleading. The capital city got its name from the plantations where Roger Williams in 1636 founded a haven of religious tolerance. It was the last colony to become a state. One of the most industrialized of states, one per-cent of its population is in agriculture.

(2)The Green Mountains that give ……her French name slant eastward to the Connecticut River and westward to Lake Champlain. They provide pastures and woodlands for dairy and maple sugar products, plus lakes, and ski runs for vacation homes and lodges that dot the area. The hills have rocky ribs which have furnished granite and marble for among other buildings – the United Nations, US Supreme Court, and headquarters of the National Geographic Society. It was the first state where all men could vote.

(3)This state is surrounded by Chesapeake Bay and has an area 27,092 sk. km. Colonized from England, this state was named after Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I. … gave land that the Country’s capital is built on. It is one of the most developed US states. Also known as the Free State or Old Line State, its largest city is Baltimore. The state is divided administratively into one independent city (Baltimore) and 23 counties. Landmarks include Greenbelt Park, Catoctin Mountain Park, the Goddard Space Flight Center, and others. The floral emblem is Black-eyed Susan

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Key: I. 1 fluctuations; 2 outlet; 3 ancestry; 4 disdained, hostility, hurdles; 5prejudice, falters, scarce; 6 corruption; 7 stamped; 8 proprietorship, rivaled; 9 purchased, laid claim; 10 clustered; 11inflow, outflow, real estate; 12 soared, surpassed;

II. 1F; 2F; 3T; 4F; 5T; 6T; 7F; 8T; 9F; 10F; 11T; 12F; 13F; 14F; 15T; III. (1) Rhode Island; (2) Vermont; (3) Maryland.

QUIZ 2 (Units 3 – 4 pp. 19 – 30)

I. Fill the blanks with the words from the vocabulary list that correctly complete the sentence. Use the words in an appropriate form. Which word is the One Odd Out?

Starve, oppress, regard, consciousness, ban, hook, enforce, fortune, gambling, acclaimed, persecute, hospitality,

1.To the ___ people of Europe, America seemed to offer new hope and new opportunity.

2.Since the war of 1812 – 1814, England has stopped ___ America as its colony. 3.America took in ___ and ___ people and allowed them to live and worship as they wished.

4.No matter where you travel, baseball is a part of American ___.

5.Among American regions, the South has been noted for its ___ and friendliness, and for its relaxed and unhurried way of life.

6.Gospel popularized by ___ Dixie musicians won fans worldwide.

7.Baseball parks have been referred to as cathedrals by many writers in the past; the past of their parents is what ___ Americans.

8.The Amish do not use electricity; owning motorized transport is ___.

9.James Smithson was an English scientist of the 19th century, who left his entire

___ to the United States asking to use it in order to found an educational establishment.

10.The anguish of love lost, the perils of ___ and liquor and a longing for the open road were widely known to cause someone to sing the blues.

II.Choose between the two alternatives to correctly complete the sentences.

1.Quakers were persecuted / enforced for their non-violent activism in Europe.

2.By the 19th century, New Orleans had spread between the lake and the Mississippi River on the fine / fragile shore all along the path of hurricanes.

3.In the South they say “you-all”, “CoCola” and collect monetary bans / fines from strangers who misspeak.

4.In 1960, the FBI strengthened its investigations of organized crime and later on the growing threat / wrath of terrorism.

5.Only four newspapers in the USA carried news of the Wrights achievement – news widely dismissed as exaggerated / acclaimed.

6.New Orleans has long been an aspiration / inspiration to soulful writers and artists who sing the blues.

7.The Wrights example reminds us that genius does not have a pedigree / hospitality.

8.You don’t discover new worlds by plying safe, supervising / conventional waters.

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9.In the South, students take tests at home unconscious / unsupervised but without cheating.

10.Washington lived and farmed in Virginia, there he owned a mansion and an immense / intense area of land.

III.Say TRUE or FALSE.

1.A great French engineer Eiffel made a proposal for the lasting memorial to Liberty and Franco-American friendship.

2.Now the Statue of Liberty is on Bedloe’s Island.

3.A national monument - the Statue of Liberty – incorporates the whole of Liberty Island, nearby Ellis Island and the monument itself.

4.The Amish are immediately recognizable because of shining buttons on their severe black suits and bob caps.

5.In the 1830s, a group of English settlers set up a colony called after the Delaware River.

6.Nylon and Teflon were invented in Delaware.

7.New Jersey is the nation’s mostly populated state and fifth smallest of states

8.Virginia was established as a Quaker colony in the 1680s.

9.Quakers were persecuted for their violent activism in Europe.

10.The Amish speak a Rhine dialect.

11.The Smithsonian Institution in New York is a group of thirteen museums.

12.The monument to George Washington is one of the tallest monuments in the world: no building in the city might be taller than the monument.

13.The first president to live in the White House was George Washington.

14.Since the White House belongs to American people and not to the US President, its offices and the living quarters are open to the public.

15.The South has been noted for its relatively relaxed and unhurried way of life; here students attend class in flip-flops and pajamas.

16.The South developed an economy on cotton export.

17.Memphis is the center for blues music, New Orleans is the birth-place of jazz.

18.Alabama is largely Catholic in religion and there is still a considerable Frenchspeaking population.

19.New Orleans has been known to the world as the “Big Apple”.

20.Cape Canaveral, the US most important space research center, is in Georgia.

Key: I. 1oppressed; 2 regarding; 3 starving, persecuted; 4consciousness; 5hospitality; 6. acclaimed; 7 hooks; 8 banned; 9 fortune; 10 gambling; (ENFORCE)

II. 1persecuted ; 2fragile; 3fines; 4threat; 5exaggerated; 6inspiration; 7pedigree; 8conventional; 9unsupervised; 10immense;

III. 1F; 2F; 3T; 4F; 5F; 6T; 7T; 8F; 9F; 10T; 11F; 12F; 13F; 14T; 15F; 16T; 17T; 18F; 19F; 20F;

QUIZ 3 (lesson 5 pp. 30 – 36)

I. Find the word by its definition. 1. s/th you wish to achieve

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2.s/one who sells sth but not in a shop

3.to oppose s/one in authority

4.restaurant, bank etc. where you’re served through a special window so you do not have to leave your car

5.the murder of a famous or important person, esp. for political reasons

6.to warn s/one officially

7.to make a company/organization smaller by reducing the number of workers

8.go away secretly to get married

9.to persuade or influence; lead or cause

10.one of the first people to travel to a new country and start living there

11.to stop working because you are officially too old to work

12.s/one who has been very poor becomes very rich

1.In the Great Seal of the State of … are set 24 stars, symbolic of the fact that … became the 24th state of the Union. Its name comes from the … River, which, in turn, is so called after an Indian tribe. Its people have a well-deserved reputation for being more stubborn (or ‘independent-minded’) than other Americans. Traditionally, they are identified with the … mule – one of the strongest and one of the most stubborn animals on the earth. The state’s nickname means that its people will not take your words for anything. To confirm your words, you should “show” them something. The state motto is “the Welfare of the People Shall Be the Supreme Law”. Its bird is the

bluebird, its flower is hawthorn. Its tree is the dogwood.

The 34th President of the USA was born here. The famous American writer Mark Twain was born here, too. Today the cabin where he was born is a State historic site.

35miles northeast, in Hannibal, there is the Mark Twain Museum.

2.The first pioneers who canoed down the Mississippi in 1645 were fascinated with the immense prairie stretching before their eyes. Then came the first farmers, drawn by

the fertile earth. The economic well-being of … still depends on its soil. It is called the “Land of Lincoln”. It was here that the US 16th President grew up politically, was

elected, and rests with his wife and three of the four sons in Oak Ridge Cemetery. Here were born two other American Presidents: Ulysses S. Grant 18th and Ronald Reagan 40th . The Most charming jewel in the crown of … is the City of…. The city has its motto “I Will”. The business symbol of the city is the hundred-storey John Hancock Building which towers 1, 107 feet above the city. From its observation ground you can look down on four three neighboring states - Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana. In 1907, it was suggested to the State officials that … schoolchildren be permitted to vote for a State tree and flower. Their choice was the oak and the violet. In 1980, the State animal – the white-tailed deer - was selected by a vote of …schoolchildren. The cardinal became official State bird.

3.This picturesque state presents different faces to its visitors and residents. One part of its territory is occupied by vast deserts, another is covered by almost uncountable mountain ranges. The deserts of … have an interesting variety of plants and animals.

The saguaro cactus may often live as long as 200 years and surprisingly store water

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from the rare desert rains. Each spring, the mighty saguaro cactus bursts forth with huge four-inch creamy-white blossoms which became …’s State flower. Like other Western and Southwestern territories, … is associated with cowboys, annual rodeo, and re-creations of 19th-century towns and saloons (the Western term for bars). For the most part, … is famous for its numerous canyons and especially colossal, the 277- mile-long …Canyon, which have been used for dozens of years as favorite sites for film-making. The Colorado (or “red river” as the Spanish called it) is the “engineer” of the … Canyon.

One of the nicknames of the state, the “Apache State”, honors one of the famous Indian tribes which lived on this territory long before the colonists came. Today, 38% of all Indian reservations in the US are in … . The motto of the state is “God Enriches” and its bird is the cactus wren (кактусовый вьюрок).

4.This important agricultural state is located in the middle of the USA. Its name is of Indian origin. After gold was discovered in California in 1848, many settlers tried to move there. They traveled by wagon trains – a group of families traveling in covered wagons in a line –through the vast plains and needed some objects for orientation. “Bluffs” –or small mountains - successfully served for this purpose.

Many settlements in … were founded by an Indian tribe, the Pawnees. They were farmers. Today, all of Genoa’s (one of such settlements) inhabitants celebrate the

Pawnees’ “Indian Days with a rodeo, a parade and many other interesting events. Like the original occupants of this area, most of today’s inhabitants of … devote their lives to farming. The nickname of … is for Russian “Штат лущильщиков кукурузы”. But it is also known as “The Beef State” due to its highly-developed agriculture and cattlefarming.

5.The land of this state is fantastically fertile. Year by year, it ranks among the first in the country in the production of corn, soybeans, and pork. It is the second richest (after California) of agricultural states. One of the best-loved American treats was invented there –Eskimo Pie. The name … meant “The Beautiful Land” to American Indians. One of the nicknames of the state was taken from the Indian chief Hawkeye, who was the terror of travelers in the days of the Wild West. A large number of … pioneer settlers were European immigrants – Germans, Swedes, Irish, Russians, English, Australians, French, Italians, and others. The communities they settled still retain traces of their Old World cultures, which add variety and interest to the life of the state. The Amana colonies were founded in 1855 by German-speaking people seeking religious freedom, who, until 1932, lived under a religious-communal system, sharing work, meals, goods and religious services. Today, the Amana people, while cherishing their heritage, live their daily lives like the rest of their fellow Americans. (Iowa)

Key: I. 1aspiration; 2 vendor; 3 rebel; 4 drive-through; 5 assassination; 6 caution; 7 down-size; 8 elope; 9 induce; 10 pioneer; 11retire; 12 rags-to-riches hero;

II. 1 Missouri; 2 Illinois; 3 Arizona; 4 Nebraska; 5 Iowa.

QUIZ 4 (LESSONS 5 – 6 pp. 30 – 46)