4907

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12.prospector – s/one who searches an area or water for gold, oil etc – старатель,

золотоискатель

13.lure – attraction, temptation – соблазн, приманка; lure(v.) = tempt, hook –

заманивать

14.stingy – miserly, mean, tightfisted – жадный; ant. generous, openhanded, giving

15.yield (profit/results/benefits) – produce, make – приносить (доход, прибыль,

результаты)

16.mine (v.) – dig, excavate, drill – добывать; mine (n) pit, excavation – шахта

17.scrupulous – careful to be honest and to do what is morally correct –

добросовестный, щепетильный Ant. unscrupulous

18.freeway –a wide fast road in a US city that you do not pay to use; cf. highway – a wide road built for the fast travel between towns and cities; a road or street 19.habitable – can be lived in – годный для жилья; Ant. uninhabitable

20.sprawl – stretch over – раскинуться, расползтись

21.metropolis [mэt`ropэlis] – a big city that is considered as s/where that is very busy

and exciting – столица, деловой и культурный центр; metropolitan – typical of a big city or belonging to a big city; megalopolis [megэ`lopэlis] – a large city or an area that contains a lot of large cities – город-гигант; мегаполис

22.plumbing – водопроводное дело, прокладка труб

23.infancy – childhood – the time when you’re a baby or very young child

24.cable car – vehicle that hangs from a cable for taking people up and down mountains – трамвай

25.sit-in – protest in which people sit down in order to stop a business from operating until their demands are listened to and satisfied – демонстрация против расовой дискриминации путем занятия мест в кафе и т.п., куда не пускают негров

26.buzz – a strong feeling of pleasure and excitement, a lively positive feeling among a group of people or in a particular place – ажиотаж, молва

27.snobbish – behaving in a way that shows you think you are better than other people (in terms of social position or wealth); despising those who are of lower social position

– снобистский, высокомерный; snobbery (n.)

28.make the grade – be successful – держать марку, преуспевать

29.revenue – income, profit, receipts, return – доходы, прибыль

30. faculty – all teachers in a university, college, or school – профессорско-

преподавательский состав

31.a`lumni(pl), alumnus – s/one who was a student at a particular school, college, or university – питомец

32.spin off – вдохнуть жизнь ( особенно в старое производство), вывести из штопора

Jesuit – a priest who belongs to a Christian religious organization called the Society of Jesus that was started in 1534 – иезуит

the Gold Rush – a period in the US’ past when a lot of people went to a place where gold had been discovered in order to become rich – Золотая лихорадка

the Promised Land – a place where s/one will be happy and successful – (библ.) –

Земля обетованная

Silicon Valley [`silikэn] – an area in California, US, where many computer companies have their offices – Силиконовая долина; silicon – a chemical element that combines

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with other sub-stances, used especially for making silicon chips – pieces of complicated electronic connections on them, used in computers

the Western Hemisphere – западное полушарие

blueblooded – s/one who comes from a royal family, or a family of a very rich social class – голубых кровей, аристократ

the Golden Gate Bridge – мост Золотые Ворота

the Vietnam War – a war between North and South Vietnam that became important internationally in the 1960s when the US began to support South Vietnam by sending military forces there. North Vietnam won the war in1975

Vocabulary Check

I.Choose the word that best defines the italicized word.

1.The campaign is designed to lure tourists back to the province.

a) return b) come c) tempt

2. There’s been a definite a real buzz about the place since the new manager arrived.

7. The country, with its own economic problems, has grown stingy with its financial aid.

a) generous b) snobbish c) mean

8. The magazine had been losing advertising revenue for months.

II. Write the letter of the correct definition next to each word.

Comprehension Check

I. Complete these sentences. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1.The Pacific Southwest Region is …states.

a)one of the largest but least populous

b)one of the largest and most populous

2.California now is home to … Americans.

a)one in every four

b)one in every ten

3.The square of California is …

a)more than 100 million acres

b)less than 100 million acres

4.Only …could command the salary to participate in all the special things California has to offer.

a)blue-blooded

b)the very talented and hard-working

5.…have played particularly large roles in the state’s economy.

a)Defense-contract industries and senior-citizen retirement communities

b)Military procurements of semiconductors

6.For twenty years, the number of workers putting in 50 or more hours a week

a)lengthened from 43% to 47 %

b)increased from 24% to 37%

7.California is the home of…

a)the Bank of America and UCSD

b)the Bank of America and GM headquarters

8.San Diego and La Jolla are …for the places creating buzz among students.

a)the picks

b)the peaks

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9.Russian Hill is the district where …

a)mainly Russians reside

b)some Russian sailors had been buried

10.Sit-ins are…

a)lunch-hours during which people sit down in order to discuss business

b)protest in which people sit down in order to stop a business from operating until their demands are listened to and satisfied

11.Hawaii is the …state to appear on the map of the USA

a)first

b)last

12.Hawaii’s principal source of income is made up of …

a)the salaries of military personnel

b)tourism and agriculture

II. What associations do you think of in connection with these names:

The Golden Gate Bridge; the Gold Rush; the Promised Land; Silicon Valley, the Death Valley; Sacramento; Berkley; sit-ins; hippies.

III. Answer the questions on page 42.

THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION AND THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST (pp. 42 – 46)

Place Names and Ethnic Words:

Montana [mon`tэnэ] (Treasure State “Штат сокровищ”), Helena [`helэnэ] – Хелена , Idaho [ai`dэhou] – Айдахо (Gem State “Штат-самородок”), Boise [`boisi] – Бойсе, Wyoming [wai`oumin] –Вайоминг (Equality State “Штат равноправия”), Cheyenne

[sai`en] – Шайенн, Utah [`ju:ta:] – Юта (Beehive State “Штат пчелиного улья”), Colorado (Centennial State “Штат столетия”), Glacier Park [`glэsjэ] – Ледниковый парк, Mormon [`mo:mэn] – мормон, Washington (Evergreen State “Вечнозеленый штат”), Oregon (Beaver State “Бобровый штат”), Juneau [`d zu:nou] –Джуно, Ottawa [`otэwэ] – Oттава, Montreal [montri`o:l] – Монреаль

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Vocabulary and Cultural Literacy List

1.frontier – the western edge of the US that Europeans had reached in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries; the outer edge of the country or area that is the furthest point where people have started to live and built towns – граница продвижения поселенцев frontiersman – a man who lived on the western frontier of the US in the past

2.ranch – крупное фермерское хозяйство; rancher – хозяин ранчо, работник на ранчо

3.pan for gold – промывать золотоносный песок

5.ghost town – town where most people have left

6.saloon – a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic drinks = bar

7.obsidian – вулканическое стекло

8.erupt – (1)explode inside and flames, rocks, and lava come out of the top of the volcano; (2)to start suddenly with a lot of noise and violence; (3) to suddenly express a particular feeling – извергaться, взорваться

9.chasm – глубокое ущелье

10. adherence (to) – the action of continuing to obey the rule, law etc –

приверженность, строгое соблюдение

11.lumber – валить и пилить лес; пиломатериалы; lumbering – лесоразработки, продажа леса; timber – лесоматериалы, строевой лес

12.folly – a way of thinking or behaving that is stupid and careless, and likely to have bad results = stupidity, silliness, absurdity – глупость, недомыслие; Ant. wisdom, sensibleness

13.the Big Dipper constellation – cозвездие Большой Медведицы

14.two consecutive terms – два срока подряд

15.executive – having the power to make important decisions; senior manager in any organization/ government – администрация, руководство, руководитель

16.enable – to give s/one the ability or opportunity to do sth – сделать возможным

17.abolish – to officially get rid of a law, system, practice etc – отменить, устранить

18.distribute – share, spread; to give money, food etc. to a group of people so that each person gets an equal share – распределить

19.annual – yearly, every year – ежегодный

20.overlap – заходить один за другой

21.expanse – extent, stretch – рост, расширение; огромная доля

22.lion share /the lion’s share – the largest part of sth – львиная доля

23.yearn – desire, want, crave, long for – жаждать стремиться

24.tolerate – to accept s/one without welcoming them or liking them, or without approving of their behavior/attitudes/lifestyles – терпимо относиться, мириться с

25.congestion – situation in which a place is crowded with people or vehicles so that

it’s difficult to move around – перенаселенность, перегруженность; congestion charge -- a payment that you make each day for the right to drive into a city center, introduced as a way of reducing traffic.

Vocabulary Check

Fill the blanks with the words from the vocabulary list that correctly complete the sentence. Use the words in an appropriate form. Which word is the One Odd Out?

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tolerate, abolish, erupt, folly, congestion, annual, expanse, adherence, yearn, enable, distribute

1.Vast ____ of farmland in the country has been shrinking with years. (expanse)

2.It’s absolute ____ to go mountain climbing without the proper equipment. (folly)

3.The government should ____ income tax for the low-paid.(abolish)

4.The ____ International Economic Forum assembled many authorities from economic and business fields. (annual)

5.He ____ with fury when I suggested he was wrong. (erupted)

6.He won’t ____ somebody to question his decisions. (tolerate)

7.Enemy communications were destroyed, ____ a surprise attack. (enabling)

8.The couple were ____ to have a baby. (yarning)

9.Most Japan’s manufacturers ____ their products through separate wholesale companies.(distribute)

10.The project aims to reduce traffic ____. (congestion)

Comprehension Check

I. According to the text, are these sentences TRUE or FALSE? Correct the false statements.

1.The Rocky Mountains Region is densely populated. F (very sparsely)

2.Most of the population is engaged in fishing, ship-building and mining. F(mining, cattle-breeding and farming)

3.Almost every ghost town in Montana has rodeo. F(almost every town)

4.In Montana, there is Yellowstone National Park with Grand Canyon. F(Wyoming)

5.The world’s highest suspension bridge is in Colorado. T

6.Hell Canyon is the nation’s deepest. T

7. Wyoming ranks first in wool production. F (second only to Texas)

8.Denver sits 1,000 meters below sea level. F(above sea level)

9.Utah is a treasure-trove of nearly every mineral used by industry. T

10.Idaho and Utah make up the Mormon Region. T

11.The society of the Pacific Northwest is represented by Spanish-Americans, Latinos and white population. F (by largely whites)

12.Oregon is the nation’s lumber state. T

13.Alaska’s name is derived from an Aleut word meaning “mainland”. T

14.William H. Seward bought Alaska from Russia in 1867 and established it as a US 49th state. F (in 1912, the US Congress established Alaska as the 49th state)

15.Alaska’s flag is a red field with seven gold stars in the shape of the Big Dipper

constellation. F ( dark blue field)

16. Anchorage is the capital-city of Alaska. F (Juneau)

II. Explain the following words and names from the reading.

Metropolis, megalopolis, Yellowstone; the Mormon Region; highway; freeway; frontier

III. Answer the questions on page 45.

Conversational Activities

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Comment on these statements from the text.

1.The society of the Pacific Northwest is homogeneous and environment and wilderness concerned.

2.Alaska is still a frontier area.

3.Oil revenues enabled Alaska to abolish its personal income tax and to distribute annual cash dividends to all state residents.

4.The New Megas are the real economic-organizing units of the world today.

QUIZ 4 (Units 5 – 6 pp. 30 – 46)

CHAPTER 3 THE FOUNDING OF AMERICA.(46 – 63)

Guidelines: This Chapter opens the study of the US history, the most important events that have shaped the character of the people of the United States and the policies of the government. Chapter 3 includes units 7 – 9 and is focuses on the colonial America :

Columbus’ voyage and discovery of the New World; the enormous impact of this discovery; the succeeding European colonization of America; the first colonies founded by the first English immigrants – Pilgrims; the Protestant heritage that has been a powerful force in shaping the values and beliefs of Americans, as well as the “national religion” of the USA (Units 7 – 8). Unit 9 focuses on different ways the new colonies (New England, Middle Atlantic and Southern) were developing their economies and social systems.

Vocabulary and Cultural Literacy List contains a small article about Alexis de Tocqueville – a famous observer of the American scene of the 18th century. Prereading vocabulary introduces the students to key vocabulary items that are also related to central themes in the reading (colony, colonize, clash of cultures, genocide (Unit 7); Pilgrims, Puritans, Protestants, Thanksgiving, charitable, humanitarianism, empathy, denomination (Unit 8); refugee, offender, cosmopolitan, housewarming, estate, indentured, libel, maxim, bequeath (Unit 9).

The Vocabulary exercises included are of synonyms, multiple choice, fill in, matching, and definitions formats. The comprehension questions (Complete the sentences; Choose the best answer according to the text; True or False; Answer the questions) and Discussion questions allow students to discuss the meaning of the reading test and go beyond the text and discuss opinions of and reactions to the information presented (Consider the Issue: Why is Columbus no hero to tribal peoples? (Unit 7). In addition, the students are given the opportunity to discuss cross-cultural similarities and differences related to the National Religion topic (Questions for Discussion 14 – 19). Some of the topics may also be given as a written assignment (Suggestions for Writing an Essay (Unit 8).

Warm-up

1. Who discovered America?(Columbus)

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2.Why did the New World get the name “America”?(Amerigo Vеspucci)

3.Who was the first to invent the word “Indians”?(Columbus)

4.Was Columbus Spanish or Italian?(Italian)

Place Names and Ethnic Words:

Christopher Columbus [`kristэfэ kэ`lambэs], Genoa [`dgenouэ] – Генуя, San Salvador [`sэn`sэ:lvэdo:], Cuba [kju:bэ] – Куба, Haiti [`heiti], Quebec [kwi:`bek] – Квебек, Nova Scotia [nouvэ `skouSэ] – Новая Шотландия, El Paso [el`pэsou], Rio Grande [`rio(u) `grэnd], St. Augustine [seint o:`gastin], Roanoke Island [`rouэnouk `ailэnd]

Vocabulary and Cultural Literacy List

Alexis de Tocqueville – a famous observer of the American scene, who came to the United States as a young Frenchman in 1831 to study the American form of democracy and what it might mean to the rest of the world. He wrote a remarkable book called Democracy in America which is a classic study of the American way of life. Many scholars believe that he had a deeper understanding of basic American beliefs and values than anyone else who has ever written about the USA. What is so remarkable is that many of the traits of the American character which he observed over 170 years ago are still visible and meaningful today.

1.colony – a country that is controlled by another country ; one of the parts of North America that was ruled by British before becoming the US

2.colonize – to take control of another country by going to live there or by sending people to live there; colonization

3.clash of cultures – a situation when two people/cultures/things are very different from each other so that they cannot exist together – конфликт культур Newfoundland – Ньюфаундленд – a province in Canada

4.beacon – (a tower with) a bright light or fire that shines in the dark and is used as a signal to show people the way somewhere; sth that encourages people and gives them a good example to follow – маяк, светоч, пример

5. feat – sth impressive and often dangerous that s/one does - act, deed – акт, дело,

деяние

6.gratitude – a feeling of being thankful to those who have done sth for you – appreciation, thankfulness – благодарность. Аnt. ingratitude, ungratefulness

7.explore – travel to a place in order to learn about it; examine or discuss a subject, idea etc. thoroughly – исследовать

8.honor – respect, esteem – чествовать

9.suicide – the action of deliberately killing yourself (commit ~ = kill yourself) – самоубийство; suicidal – very dangerous and likely to lead to serious problems or to death – убийственный

10.set in motion – to make a series of events or a process start happening –привести в движение, запустить

11.shifts – changes in sth

12.conquer – take control of land or people using soldiers –завоевать; to succeed; to earn the love, admiration, or respect of s/one; conqueror –s/one who has taken control of land/people by force – захватчик, завоеватель; conquest – conquering

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13.succeed – to follow and replace sth –последовать за, наследовать; succeeding – coming after s/th else

14.encounter – (1)deal with sth (esp. a problem) –столкнуться с; (2)meet s/one or see s/th for the first time; encounter (n.) – встреча

15.disastrous – causing great or sudden misfortune; catastrophic, unfortunate –

катастрофический

16.venerate – respect or worship s/one = revere

17.genocide – the murder of large numbers of people belonging to a particular race;

18.onslaught – large numbers of people that come at the same time and are difficult to deal with; an attack – нашествие

19.controversy – dispute, argument, disagreement –противоречие, спор, разногла-

сия; controversial (adj.)

20.perish – die (usually because of an illness or sth that happens suddenly) –

погибнуть

21.stir up = make a stir – make s/one feel enthusiastic/interested – вызвать интерес,

наделать шуму

22.kidnapping – the act of illegally taking s/one away and making them a prisoner, esp. in order to get money (ransom) or be allowed to do what you want – похищение людей; kidnap (v.)

23.accommodate – provide a place to stay/live in = поселить, разместить

24.a joint-stock company – акционерное общество

25.council – an official group of people chosen to make decisions or provide advice –

совет; the European Union’s Council of Ministers; The UN Security Council

26.boldness – being fearless, brave, daring – смелость, дерзость; bold(adj.)

27.restless – unwilling to keep still –неуемный, неугомонный; беспокойный, тревожный

28.trifle – sth that is not very important – пустяк, мелочь; trivial (adj.) –

обыденный, банальный, мелкий

29.rush – a sudden interest among a lot of people in having or doing sth = fever – лихорадка; the rush – the period of time during which the crowds are the largest or there is the most traffic (the rush hour) – час пик

30.hostile (to) – in a very unfriendly or threatening way – враждебный; hostility (n.)

31.detest – loathe, hate strongly – ненавидеть, питать отвращение

32.resentment – an angry feeling that you have when you think that you’re treated unfairly or without enough respect; bitterness, displeasure, indignation –

недовольство, негодование; resent (v.) – возмущаться, обижаться, негодовать; resentful – обиженный, возмущенный

Vocabulary Check

Choose the word that best defines the italicized word.

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5. The decision to allow more cars on the ferry was sure to spark controversy.

11. Public opinions had shifted sharply to the left following the war. a. improved b. stirred up c. changed

12. His promotion caused widespread resentment among the other lawyers. a) pleasure b. displeasure c. controversy

II. Write the letter of the correct definition next to each word.