Матюшенков В.С.-Идиомы и предлоги в английском языке.Словарь-2021

Список слов, требующих после себя определенных предлогов

unjust to; (be unjust to smb.) unknown to; (be unknown to smb.)

unpleasant about; (there is smth. unpleasant about him) unrest over; (unrest over smth.)

value / estimate at; smth.; (estimate smth. at a certain sum) vary from; (the weather varied from very cold to quite mild)

vest (v.) in or with; (authority vested in an official; an official vested with authority)

vexed at, with; (vexed at (smth.); vexed with (smb.))

victim of; (a victim of the council’s desire for modern planning; thousands of trees have fallen victim to = suffered from / this disease; victims of war / of an accident / of pestilence / of circumstances; the victim of malice / of hatred; the victim of his own folly; fall a victim to smth. / smb.; die / perish / a victim to smth.)

vie with; (the shipping companies vied with each other to make the fastest Atlantic crousing)

visit (n.) to; (I must pay a visit to = visit the doctor)

void (adj.) of; (that part of the town is completely void of interest for visitors; void of reason / sense; void of prejudice; void of offence)

vote on; (to vote on a resolution)

vulnerable to; (your arguments are rather vulnerable to criticism; vulnerable to air attacks)

wait (v.) for or on; (for one who was delayed; on a customer or patient; wait for (person or thing); wait upon (smb.))

361

Приложение 1

want (n.) of; (v.) for; (he did not want for money; the house is in want = in need; of repair; I am in want of a good dictionary; be in want of money; are you in want of anything?)

wanting (adj.) in; (wanting in initiative / in respect / in alacrity / in courtesy; be wanting in prudence / in skill / in experience / in selfconfidence; not wanting in zeal; he is not wanting in intelligence; wanting in gratitude = ungrateful)

wary of; (be wary of smb., smth.; wild animals wary of traps; be wary of giving offence; be wary of trouble / of consequences)

wash in; (wash in cold / hot water) wipe on; (one’s hands on smth.) with; (with all my / his / etc. / heart)

work at smth.; (he’s still not very good at speaking English, but he’s working at it = trying hard)

worry about; (smb.’s worry about smb., smth.)

write in, to, about; (write in ink / in pencil); write in the margin; write to (smb.); write about (smth.)

written in; (written in smb.’s handwriting)

yearn for, after, or over; (he yearned for her return; yearn for home; yearn after one’s absent friends; yearn for rest; I yearn to hear from you)

zeal for or in; (show zeal for smth.; zeal in performing one’s duties)

362

колонтитул

ПРИЛОЖE НИЕ 2

СПИСОК НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫХ ФРAЗОВЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ

PHRASAL VERBS

break down (of a vehicle)

break off (relationship or agreement) = end it bring smth. about = cause it to happen

bring along smth. or smb. = be with smb. when you come to a place bring back smth. = brings back an event or memory from the past bring back = introduce again, revive is more formal

bring down (the level of smth.) = reduce it

bring down (a government or a ruler) = cause them to lose power

bring off if smb. brings off smth. difficult he does it successfully (col) = pull off

bring out (a new product) = produce or sell it

bring up (a child) = give a child particular beliefs and attitudes while it is growing up = raise

bring up (a particular subject) = mention or introduce it into a discussion or conversation

call smb. back = telephone smb. again in return for their call call off (an event or ceremony) = cancel it

carry on (with an activity) = continue doing it

363

Приложение 2

catch on = become popular

catch up with smb. = reach the same standard or level

catch up with smb. (in front of you) = reach smb. by walking faster than smb.

catch up on = spend time doing smth. you had no time to do properly until now

come across smb. or smth. = find or meet them by chance

come down (of cost, level or amount of smth.) = become cheaper or less than it was before; decrease is more formal, antonym is go up

come off = be successful and effective (about an event or an action) come up (in a conversation or meeting) = be mentioned or discussed come up with (a plan, idea, or solution) = think of it and suggest it count on / upon smth. = expect it to happen and include it in your plans

cut back on smth. = try to reduce (often expenditure if you can no longer afford it)

cut smth. down = reduce it or do it less often cut smth. up = cut it into several pieces

do away with smth. = get rid of smth. (eliminate is more formal) do up smth. = fasten it (suitcase, jacket, shoes, etc.)

do up (an old building) = repair and decorate it along with putting in modern facilities

do with smth. = do smth. you need or would like to do

do without smth. = manage or survive in spite of not having it (also go without)

draw up (a document, list or plan) = prepare it and write it out (formulate is formal)

364

Список наиболее употребительных фразовых глаголов

drop in on smb. = visit smb. without making any formal arrangement to do so

drop off = when driving you drop off one of the passengers you take them where they want to go and leave them there

drop out (of a group) = stop belonging to it, if you drop off school or college you leave before finishing your course (noun a drop-out)

face out with smb. = have an argument and be no longer friendly with smb.

fall behind = when moving with a group of people you move more slowly than them

get across = if an idea or argument gets across, or if you get it across you succeed in making other people understand it (also get over and put across)

get ahead = be successful in your career (= get on)

get along (col) = have friendly relationship with smb. (= get on)

get around = go to a lot of different places as part of your way of life get at smth. = manage to reach or obtain it

get away (from a place or person’s company) = succeed in leaving it get away = have a holiday

get away = when smb. or smth. gets away from a place, or when you get them away they escape; if smb. makes a getaway they leave a place in a great hurry, often after committing a crime

get away with smth. = if you get away with smth. you shouldn’t have done you are not criticized or punished for doing it

get back = if you get back to a place or position you return there after you have been somewhere else

365

Приложение 2

get back = if you get smth. back after you have lost it or lent it you have it once again (get one’s girl back)

get by = just manage to survive and have a fairly satisfactory life get down = write smth. down (also take down)

get down = if smb. or smth. gets you down it makes you unhappy (depress is more formal)

get down to smth. = start doing it seriously with a lot of attention get off (a bus, train, plane) = leave it

get on (in one’s career) = be successful (= get ahead)

get on = if you say that smb. is getting on you mean they are old

get on with smb. = like smb. and have a friendly relationship with them (also get along)

get on = if you ask how smb. is getting on with an activity, you are asking about their progress

get out (of a place) = leave it

get over (an illness or other unpleasant experience) = recover from it

get round / around (a difficulty or restriction) = find a way of avoiding it or escaping its effects (bypass is more formal)

get round = if news gets about or around a lot of people hear about it and it becomes well-known

get round = if you get round smb., you persuade them to let you do or have smth. by flattering them

get through to (smb. on the telephone) = succeed in contacting them get through (a task) = succeed in finishing it

get through (an exam) = pass it

give away smth. = give it to smb. without taking money in return

366

Список наиболее употребительных фразовых глаголов

give smth. back = return it o the person who gave it to you or who it belongs to

give up (an activity or belief) = stop doing it or believing it

go after smb. = follow them or chase them in order to attack them

go ahead with smth. = begin to do smth. which people planned, promised, or asked permission to do (proceed is more formal)

go back = return to a place you were before

go back on (a promise, agreement or statement) = not to do what one promised or agreed, or deny what you said (go back on one’s word)

go by (a place) = go there for a short time in order to do or get smth. (= drop by)

go by = if smb. or smth. goes by they pass you without stopping

go down = if the cost, level, standard or amount of smth. goes down, it becomes cheaper, lower or less

go down = when smth. goes down in a particular way it gets a particular kind of reaction from a person or a group of people

go down with (an illness) = catch up or develop it (contract is more formal)

go off = if a gun goes off, it is fired, if a bomb goes off it explodes

go off = if food or drink goes off, it becomes stale, sour or rotten (decay is more formal)

go off = if you go off somewhere, you leave the place where you were usually in in order to do smth.

go off (alarm, bell, or flash bulb) = if it goes off, it operates, making a sudden loud noise or flash

go on doing smth. or go on with (activity) = continue to do it (also carry on)

367

Приложение 2

go on = if you say that smth. is going on it is taking place at the present moment (also happen)

go out = if a light goes out, it stops shining

go out = if you go out with smb. you spend time with them socially and have a romantic or sexual relationship with them

go over smth. = examine, discuss or think about it very carefully and systematically

go through (an event or period of time, esp. a pleasant one) = experience it (also undergo)

go through (a list, story, plan) = describe or discuss it from beginning to end (also run through)

go up = if the cost, level, standard or amount of smth. goes up, it becomes more expensive, higher or greater than it was before (synonym rise, antonyms go down and come down)

go up = if you go up to a place, you visit or travel there; often used if place is further North or is in a city

go up = if smth. goes up it explodes or suddenly starts to burn

hand back (hand smth. back to smb.) = return smth. to smb. after you have borrowed or taken it from them (= give back)

hand on (hand smth. on to smb.) = give it or leave it to them (= pass on)

hang around / round / about (a place) = spend a lot of time there, often doing very little

have on (a piece of clothing) = wear it

have out (a tooth, appendix and so on) = have a dentist or doctor remove tooth, etc. from your body

hold back = if you hold back information, you do not reveal it (suppress is more formal)

368

Список наиболее употребительных фразовых глаголов

hold back = if you hold a person or their career back you prevent them from making progress

hold on = if you ask smb. to hold on, you want them to wait for a short time (= hang on)

hold up = if smb. holds you up, they point a weapon at you in order to make you give them money or valuables

hold up = if smth. or smb. holds up an activity or arrangement, they delay it or make it late; a hold-up is a delay or smth. which causes a delay

join in (an activity with the other people) = become involved in what they are doing

join up = (Br) if smb. joins up, they become a member of the army, the Navy or the Air Force (= enlist)

keep at (it) or keep smb. at it = you continue or make people continue working at a job or task or trying hard even it is very difficult or unpleasant (persevere is more formal) (= stick at or stick to)

keep back (keep some information back) = not to tell all that you know about it (withhold is more formal)

keep in = if a person or a teacher keeps children in they make them stay indoors or they make them stay late, usually as a pumishment

keep off (keep smb. or smth. off a particular area) = prevent smb. from going there; if you keep off an area you don’t go there yourself

keep on (doing smth.) = continue to do it and do not stop (= carry on)

keep out = if a sign says keep out it is warning you not to go onto that piece of land

keep up = continue working hard; trying hard or achieving the standard that you had in the past

369

Приложение 2

keep (smb.) up = delay them going to bed

keep up, keep up with smb. else = move at the same speed as them

kick off (of football players) = start the game by kicking the ball from the center of the pitch

kick out (out of a place or an organization) = force them to leave it (= throw out)

knock down (of a car or other vehicle) = hit smb. so that they fall to the ground and may be injured or killed (= knock over)

knock out (of a competition) = defeat them, so that they take no part in the competition

knock out = if a person or team is knocked out of competition, they are defeated, so that they take no more part in the competition (eliminate is more formal)

let down = if smb. or smth. lets you down they fail to do smth. that you’ve been relying on them to do, a letdown is something that is disappointing

let out = if you let smth. out, you say smth. that you should have kept secret

look after = take care of them and do what is necessary for them to stay in good condition

look back on (smth.) = think about smth. that happened in the past

look down on smb. or smth. = think that they are inferior or unimportant (= despise)

look for smth. = try to find it

look forward to (smth. that is going to happen) = want it to happen because you expect to enjoy it

look into (a particular problem, subject or situation) = find out and examine the facts relating to it (investigate is more formal)

370