КАФ Понкин И.В. - Спортивное право

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɩɪɢɧɟɫɭɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɭɸ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɝɨɞɨɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ

ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ⱦɷɣɥɚ Ɇɸɪɪɟɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɚɝɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ

ɋɮɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± ɷɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɲɨɭ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹɬɨɟɫɬɶɫɮɟɪɚɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɩɪɢɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ

ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ

ɋɮɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± ɷɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɲɨɭ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹ ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɷɬɚ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ

ɂ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɥɸɛɵɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ

Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ Ⱦɷɣɥ Ɇɸɪɪɟɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɚ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɂ ɷɬɨɬ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɬɟɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧ ɟɫɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɲɚɝɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɭ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ

Wilhelm S. 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ RI 6SRUWV 6WDGLXPV >ɉɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɨɜ@ &HQWHU IRU 3XEOLF 3ROLF\ $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ KWWS FSSD XWDK HGX BGRFXPHQWV SXEOLFDWLRQV ILQDQFH WD[ VSRUWV VWDGLXPV SGI! ± S ± 3Murray D. 5HIOHFWLRQV RQ 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ IRU 3URIHVVLRQDO 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV >Ɋɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ@ -RXUQDO RI WKH 3KLORVRSK\ RI 6SRUW ± ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3 ±

KWWS ZZZ KXPDQNLQHWLFV FRP DFXFXVWRP VLWHQDPH 'RFXPHQWV 'RFXPHQW,WHP SGI!Murray D. 5HIOHFWLRQV RQ 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ IRU 3URIHVVLRQDO 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV

>Ɋɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ@ -RXUQDO RI WKH 3KLORVRSK\ RI 6SRUW ± ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3 KWWS ZZZ KXPDQNLQHWLFV FRP DFXFXVWRP VLWHQDPH 'RFXPHQWV 'RFXPHQW,WHP SGI!

Murray D. 5HIOHFWLRQV RQ 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ IRU 3URIHVVLRQDO 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV >Ɋɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ@ -RXUQDO RI WKH 3KLORVRSK\ RI 6SRUW ± ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3 ± KWWS ZZZ KXPDQNLQHWLFV FRP DFXFXVWRP VLWHQDPH 'RFXPHQWV 'RFXPHQW,WHP SGI!

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ɏɪɚɧɫɭɚ Ɋɨɲɛɥɭɚɧɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɚɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɋɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɢɧɵɦɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɋɒȺ ɢ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ɝɞɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɺ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɟ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɵ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɯ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɥɢɛɨ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ©ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢª ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɟɡɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ

Rochebloine F. *RRG JRYHUQDQFH DQG HWKLFV LQ VSRUW >ɏɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ@ 5HSRUW ʋ 3$&( &RPPLWWHH RQ &XOWXUH 6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ DQG 0HGLD KWWS DVVHPEO\ FRH LQW QZ [PO ;5HI ;UHI ;0/ +70/ HQ DVS"ILOHLG ODQJ HQ! ± ± S ± 3

Murray D. 5HIOHFWLRQV RQ 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ IRU 3URIHVVLRQDO 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV >Ɋɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ@-RXUQDO RI WKH 3KLORVRSK\ RI 6SRUW ± ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɇɟɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ± ɫɥɚɛɚɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɡɢɫɚ ɨ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ

ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚɹɜɥɹɟɦɨɦɭ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɚɦ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɯ

Ɉɩɵɬ ɋɒȺ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɹ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ

Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢ ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ

Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ ɋɒȺ ɫ ɛɟɣɫɛɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɭɬɛɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɛɚɫɤɟɬɛɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɢɯɦɟɫɬɧɨɣɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɝɨɱɢɫɬɨɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɩɨɪɬɚɜȼɚɲɢɧɝɬɨɧɟɨɤɪɭɝɄɨɥɭɦɛɢɹɢɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɥɟɬɜɵɪɚɡɢɥɨɫɶɜɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢɭɪɨɜɧɹɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɨɯɨɞɚɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ

Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ©ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɦɨɧɟɬɵª ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ

Ɋɢɫɤ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ

Ʉɚɤ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ Ɏɪɚɧɫɭɚ Ɋɨɲɛɥɭɚɧ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɬɢɤɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɨɩɚɫɟɧɢɹɦɢ

Garofalo P., Waldron T.,I <RX %XLOG ,W 7KH\ 0LJKW 1RW &RPH 7KH 5LVN\ (FRQRPLFV RI 6SRUWV 6WDGLXPV KWWS ZZZ WKHDWODQWLF FRP EXVLQHVV DUFKLYH LI \RX EXLOG LW WKH\ PLJKW QRW FRPH WKH ULVN\ HFRQRPLFV RI VSRUWV VWDGLXPV !

Zaretsky A.M. 6KRXOG &LWLHV 3D\ IRU 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV" KWWSV ZZZ VWORXLVIHG RUJ SXEOL FDWLRQV UHJLRQDO HFRQRPLVW DSULO VKRXOG FLWLHV SD\ IRU VSRUWV IDFLOLWLHV!

Murray D. 5HIOHFWLRQV RQ 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ IRU 3URIHVVLRQDO 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV >Ɋɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ@ -RXUQDO RI WKH 3KLORVRSK\ RI 6SRUW ± ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3 KWWS ZZZ KXPDQNLQHWLFV FRP DFXFXVWRP VLWHQDPH 'RFXPHQWV 'RFXPHQW,WHP SGI!

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɧɟɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ

Ⱥɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɭ

ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɞɟɚɥɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɣɬɢɫɶ

ȼ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɵɦ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ± ɜɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɬɜɚ

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɂ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ

Rochebloine F. *RRG JRYHUQDQFH DQG HWKLFV LQ VSRUW >ɏɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ@ 5HSRUW ʋ 3$&( &RPPLWWHH RQ &XOWXUH 6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ DQG 0HGLD KWWS DVVHPEO\ FRH LQW QZ [PO ;5HI ;UHI ;0/ +70/ HQ DVS"ILOHLG ODQJ HQ! ± ± S ± 3

$ 6ROXWLRQ WR )LQDQFH 3URIHVVLRQDO 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV LQ $OEHUWD 3XEOLF 3ULYDWH 3DUWQHUVKLS 0RGHO KWWS ZZZ FRQIHUHQFHERDUG FD SUHVV QHZVUHOHDVH DBVROXWLRQBWRBILQDQFHBSURIHVVLRQDOBVSRUWVBIDFLOLWLHVBLQBDOEHUWDBSXEOLF SULYDWHBSDUWQHUVKLSBPRGHO DVS[!

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɝɨɞ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟ ɱɬɨ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɹɟɦɵ ɧɨ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɚ

Ʉ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɚɪɚ ɍɢɥɯɷɥɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ

± ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɜɵɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɟɥɶɳɢɤ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɦɭ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɩɪɢɞɺɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ

± ɩɨɥɶɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɬɶ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ

± ɫɨɥɢɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ

ɉɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ

Ɉɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ

ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦ

ɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɇɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ,, Ɋɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɨɬ ʋ ©ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯª ɩɨɞɱɺɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ

ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚ ɢɡ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɉɪɢɫɭɳɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ

ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɢɫɬɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɺɠɢ

Wilhelm S. 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ RI 6SRUWV 6WDGLXPV >ɉɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɨɜ@ &HQWHU IRU 3XEOLF 3ROLF\ $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ KWWS FSSD XWDK HGX BGRFXPHQWV SXEOLFDWLRQV ILQDQFH WD[ VSRUWV VWDGLXPV SGI! ± S ± 3Ɋɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɹ Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ʋ ɨɬ ©ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯª>5HVROXWLRQRIWKH&RPPLWWHH RIPLQLVWHUV RIWKH &RXQFLO RI (XURSH ʋ ©2Q WKH SULQFLSOHV IRU D SROLF\ RI VSRUW IRU DOOª$GRSWHG E\ WKH &RPPLWWHH RI 0LQLVWHUV RQ 6HSWHPEHU DW WKHWKPHHWLQJ RI WKH 0LQLVWHUV¶ 'HSXWLHV@

KWWS ZZZ FRH LQW W GJ HSDV UHVRXUFHV WH[WV 5HV BHQ SGI!

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ

ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɫɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɩɪɹɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɨɦ ɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹ ɭɠɟ ɞɟ ɮɚɤɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɣ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɹɞɪɨɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɹ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɥɟɱɺɬ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ

Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɪɨɡɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɢ ɨɛɭɜɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɭɜɟɧɢɪɨɜɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɤɢɢɞɪɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ

Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɵɝɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɥɢɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯɛɸɞɠɟɬɨɜɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ

ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɭɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ Ɍɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɡɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ

Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɟɺ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɨ ɢ ɭ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ

3XEOLF ILQDQFLQJ RI SURIHVVLRQDO EDVHEDOO VWDGLXPV KWWS ZZZ LER Q\F Q\ XV LERUHSRUW V VWDGWHVW KWPO!

Jensen S.A)LQDQFLQJ 3URIHVVLRQDO 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV ZLWK )HGHUDO 7D[ 6XEVLGLHV ,V LW 6RXQG 7D[ 3ROLF\" 0DUTXHWWH 6SRUWV /DZ 5HYLHZ ± 6SULQJ ± 9RO ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3 KWWS VFKRODUVKLS ODZ PDUTXHWWH HGX FJL YLHZFRQWHQW FJL"DUWLFOH FRQWH[W VSRUWVODZ!

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ

ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɹ ɱɬɨ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɡ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɠɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɚ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɭ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɭ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɥɭɛɵ

Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɺɧɧɵɦɢ Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɝɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɋɩɨɪɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɷɬɚɪɨɥɶ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɣɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɳɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ

Wilhelm S. 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ RI 6SRUWV 6WDGLXPV >ɉɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɨɜ@ &HQWHU IRU 3XEOLF 3ROLF\ $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ KWWS FSSD XWDK HGX BGRFXPHQWV SXEOLFDWLRQV ILQDQFH WD[ VSRUWV VWDGLXPV SGI! ± S ± 3Jensen S.A)LQDQFLQJ 3URIHVVLRQDO 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV ZLWK )HGHUDO 7D[ 6XEVLGLHV ,V LW 6RXQG 7D[ 3ROLF\" 0DUTXHWWH 6SRUWV /DZ 5HYLHZ ± 6SULQJ ± 9RO ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3 ±

KWWS VFKRODUVKLS ODZ PDUTXHWWH HGX FJL YLHZFRQWHQW FJL"DUWLFOH FRQWH[W VSRUWVODZ!

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɥɸɛɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɞɭɳɢɦɢ ɜɪɚɡɪɟɡ ɫɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɬɢɤɨɣ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɶ

ɂɦɢɞɠɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ

ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɑɶɟɧ ɘ Ʌɢ ɉɢɧ ɑɚɨ Ʌɢ ɢ ɘɣ Ɏɚɧ ɇɚɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ

ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɋɚɪɚ ɍɢɥɯɷɥɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɚɦɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɇɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɬɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚɦ ɛɨғɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ

Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ ɉɢɬɟɪ Ƚɪɨɬɭɢɫ Ȼɪɸɫ Ⱦɠɨɧɫɨɧ ɢ Ⱦɠɨɧ ɍɚɣɬɯɟɞ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɟɪɧɚɥɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɂ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɟɪɧɚɥɢɢ

Rochebloine F. *RRG JRYHUQDQFH DQG HWKLFV LQ VSRUW >ɏɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ@ 5HSRUW ʋ 3$&( &RPPLWWHH RQ &XOWXUH 6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ DQG 0HGLD KWWS DVVHPEO\ FRH LQW QZ [PO ;5HI ;UHI ;0/ +70/ HQ DVS"ILOHLG ODQJ HQ! ± ± S ± 3

Lin C.-Y., Lee P.-C., Nai H.-F. 7KHRUL]LQJ WKH 5ROH RI 6SRUW LQ 6WDWH 3ROLWLFV >Ɋɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɪɨɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ@ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDO RI 6SRUW DQG ([HUFLVH 6FLHQFH ± ± 9RO ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3 KWWS ZHE QFKX HGX WZ aELRVLPXODWLRQ MRXUQDO SGI YRO QR YRO QR E SGI!

Wilhelm S. 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ RI 6SRUWV 6WDGLXPV >ɉɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɨɜ@ &HQWHU IRU 3XEOLF 3ROLF\ $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ KWWS FSSD XWDK HGX BGRFXPHQWV SXEOLFDWLRQV ILQDQFH WD[ VSRUWV VWDGLXPV SGI! ± S ± 3Holland J.K. 'HWHUPLQDQWV RI 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ IRU 3URIHVVLRQDO $WKOHWLF 9HQXHV KWWS VFKRODUVKLS FODUHPRQW HGX FJL YLHZFRQWHQW FJL"DUWLFOH FRQWH[W FPFBWKHVHV! ±

± S ± 3 ±

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɛɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ

ɉɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɬɟɤɬɨɩɨɫɟɳɚɸɬɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɨɝɭɬɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɬɶɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɱɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ

ɂɦɢɞɠɟɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ

ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ

ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɢɞɠɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɇɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɭɛɚ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɦɢɞɠɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ

ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɚɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɪɟɤɨɜ ɝɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɫɫ ɬɪɚɦɩɥɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɬ ɞ

Ɍɚɤ ɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɤɚɧɚɞɫɤɢɣ ɯɨɤɤɟɢɫɬ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɤɥɭɛɚ ɇɏɅ ©ɉɢɬɬɫɛɭɪɝ ɉɢɧɝɜɢɧɡª ɫ ɝɨɞɚ Ɇɚɪɢɨ Ʌɟɦɶɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ ©Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ >ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ@ ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɨ ɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɩɪɨɞɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɤɨɦɭ ɬɨ ɤɬɨ ɫɭɦɟɥ ɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɟɺ >ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ@ª

ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɫɩɨɪɬɭɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɢ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɣ ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɜɚɪ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɬɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɢ ɢɯ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ

Groothuis P.A., Johnson B.K., Whitehead J.C. 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ RI 3URIHVVLRQDO 6SRUWV 6WDGLXPV 3XEOLF &KRLFH RU &LYLF 3ULGH" (DVWHUQ (FRQRPLF-RXUQDO ± )DOO ± 9RO ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3 KWWS OLEUHV XQFJ HGX LU DVX I JURRWKXLVBSHWHUB BSXEOLFBIXQGLQJ SGI!

ɐɢɬ ɩɨSimonich M. 7HDPV VTXHH]H FLWLHV WR ILQDQFH QHZ DUHQDV %XW LQ VRPH SODFHV RIILFLDOV KDYH VTXHH]HG EDFN 3RVW *D]HWWH 3LWWVEXUJK ±-XQH