- •Innholdsfortegnelse Constitution of society del 3, fra side 180 og ut
- •Chapter 4 (continued from part one)
- •Critical Notes: 'Structural Sociology' and Methodological In dividualism
- •References: Structure, System, Social Reproduction
- •13 Karl Marx, Capital (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1970), p. 72. An
- •References Critical Notes: `Structural Sociology' and Methodological Individualism
- •19 J. W. N. Watkins, `Historical explanation in the social sciences', in
- •5. Change, Evolution and Power
- •Critical Notes: Parsons on Evolution
- •References: Change, Evolution and Power
- •10 Julian h. Steward, Theory of Culture Change (Urbana: University
- •31 See some of the examples discussed in a. Kardiner, The Individual and His Society (New York: Columbia University Press, 1939).
- •References: Critical Notes: Parsons on Evolution
- •6. Structuration Theory, Empirical Research and Social Critique
- •306 Structuration Theory, Empirical Research and Social Critique
- •Critical Notes: Social Science, History and Geography
- •References: Structuration Theory, Empirical Research and Social Critique
- •32 A point made by Skocpol; see Theda Skocpol, States and Social
- •33 G. K. Ingham, Capitalism Divided? The City and Industry in Britain
- •48 `Classical social theory and the origins of modern sociology', in
- •References: Critical Notes: Social Science, History and Geography
- •Glossary of Terminology of Structuration Theory
- •Bibliography
31 See some of the examples discussed in a. Kardiner, The Individual and His Society (New York: Columbia University Press, 1939).
32 Perhaps it is worth re-emphasizing that this is a peril of evolutionism, not its logical implication. Habermas is one author who has discussed this and many other points about evolutionism in an illuminating and, as always, acute way. See Jurgen Habermas, Communication and the Evolution of Society (Boston: Beacon, 1979), especially
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chapters 3 and 4; and `Geschichte and Evolution', in Zur Rekonstruktion des historischen Materialismus (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1976).
33 As does Cohen's recent, philosophically sophisticated interpretation of historical materialism: G. A. Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory of History, a Defence (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978).
34 The second of these concepts I take from Eberhard. See Wolfram Eberhard, Conquerors and Rulers (Leiden: Brill, 1965).
35 CCHM, chapter 10.
36 CSAS; CPST, pp. 228ff.
37 S. F. Nadel, A Black Byzantium (London: Oxford University Press, 1942).
38 M. Fortes and E. E. Evans-Pritchard, African Political Systems (London: Oxford University Press, 1940).
39 Douglas L. Oliver, Ancient Tahitian Society (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974).
40 Henri J. M. Claessen, `The early state in Tahiti', in Henri J. M. Claessen and Peter Skalnik, The Early State (The Hague: Mouton, 1978).
41 Oliver, Ancient Tahitian Society.
42 Henri J. M. Claessen; `The early state: a structural approach', in Claessen and Skalnik, The Early State.
43 See Ronald Cohen, `State origins: a reappraisal', in Claessen and Skalnik, The Early State; Robert L. Carneiro, `A theory of the origin of the state', Science, no. 169, 1970; Morton H. Fried, The Evolution of Political Society (New York: Random House, 1967); W. Koppers, `L'origine de l'Etat', 6th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Paris, 1963, vol. 2; Lawrence Krader, Formation of the State (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1968); G. Lenski, Power and Privilege (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966); Robert Lowie, The Origin of the State (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1927); Elman R. Service, Origins of the State and Civilization (New York: Norton, 1975).
44 Cf. Service, Origins of the State and Civilization.
45 Carneiro, `A theory of the origin of the state'.
46 Louis Dumont, `Population growth and cultural change', South-western Journal of Anthropology, vol. 21, 1965; Service, Origins of the State and Civilization.
47 Henry T. Wright and Gregory Johnson, `Population, exchange and early state formation in southwestern Iran', American Anthropologist, vol. 77, 1975.
48 Karl Polanyi, Trade and Markets in Early Empires (Glencoe: Free Press, 1957).
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49 Eberhard, Conquerors and Rulers, pp. 9ff.
50 Ibid., p. 10.
51 Henri J. M. Claessen and Peter Skalnik, `Limits, beginning and end of the early state', in Claessen and Skalnik, The Early State, p. 625.
52 Fried, The Evolution of Political Society.
53 Compare the judgements of Wilson and Kelley: John A. Wilson, The Culture of Ancient Egypt (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951); Allyn L. Kelley, `The evidence for Mesopotamian influence in pre-dynastic Egypt', Newsletter of the Society.for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities, vol. 4, no. 3, 1974.
54 Carneiro, `A theory of the origin of the state'.
55 Emile Durkheim, Socialism (New York: Collier-Macmillan, 1962).
56 Cf. Bertrand Badie and Pierre Birnbaum, Sociologie de l'Etat (Paris: Grasset, 1979), pp. 189ff.
57 Including my own commentary in "`Power" in the writings of Talcott Parsons', in SSPT.
58 Cf. also Niklas Luhmann, Trust and Power (Chichester: Wiley, 1979), p. 127, who asserts that `the close association of the powerful with the dangerous is really only adequate for archaic societies and archaic ways of thinking. . . .' This seems extraordinarily sanguine in a nuclear age.
59 Cf. Boris Frankel, Beyond the State (London: Macmillan, 1983). This is one of the few books to emphasize the significance of mass food production and preservation for the development of capitalism.
60 Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (London: Routledge, 1962).
61 CCHM, p. 96.
62 Lewis Mumford, `University city', in Carl H. Kraeling and Robert M. Adams, City Invisible (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960), p. 7.