Учебное пособие 1703

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 3 (30), 2020 ISSN 2587-8093

mination of the main name (noun). If the name is definite (with the article), then we are dealing with predicative constructions, if the construction is non-deterministic (without the article), then we are talking about an attribute construction:

(1a) ṭālibun m i n misr - '(Some / some) student from Egypt'; (1b) aṭ-ṭālibu m i n misr - '(Specific) student from Egypt'.

Constructs with the preposition min can express only certain possessive relationships. They are often used in combination with names denoting partitive: bacḍun m i n - 'a little', ğuz´un m i n - 'part of something', as well as an indefinite amount: katῑr m i n - 'part (many) of something', qalῑl min - 'part (little) of something', mazῑd min - 'part (more) of something', etc. In most such cases, possession coincides with partitive. This also includes relations by origin or possession, which are considered the main semantic attribute of the preposition min, as presented in example (1), and in the example: man m i n l-kūfyῑn ḥaddatah? - 'Which of the inhabitants of Kafa told him? ' [3, p. 271].

The use of min is mandatory if the relationship between the names (nouns) is partitive. If non-partitive nouns are used, then the guide word in this structure denotes one or more instances of the total.

(1) marḥalatun hāsimatun m i n marāḥili ṭ-ṭatawwur

- 'The decisive stage of the development stages'.

(2) kammiyatun hā ‘ilatun m i n n-nafṭ

- 'Amount of big oil'.

'A large amount of oil' [4, p. 36-37].

The construction with the preposition min in the first example is required, the genitive construction, that is, the construction with the genitive is not used here. In the second example, it is possible to use a genitive of the type: name-name (noun + noun), since the part-integer relationship is not the subject of the message:

k a m m i y a t u n a f ṭ i n hā ’ilah

-'The amount of oil is large';

-'A lot of oil'.

Min is often found in "paronomastic" structures. S. Brockelmann considers such structures as the possibility of using the genitive case with the noun, since “other cases of using such combinations in Semitic languages are unacceptable” [3, p. 272]:

malikun m i n l-milūk - 'King of the kings'.

With such “paronomastics” only attributive combinations are possible; the possibility of a possessive nominative sentence is excluded in this case.

On the contrary, in “paronomastic” combinations with a genitive case of type name-name (noun + noun), where there is no possession, a construction with min often expresses a possessive relationship, namely: if the word denoting the possessor (possessor) belongs to a certain class.

Thus, in the expression šācirrun m i n š-šucarā’ - 'Poet from poets 'there is no possession relationship, while in the phrase šācirrun m i n š-šucarā’ l-carab - 'Poet from Arab poets' in the group of 'Arab poets' she indisputably expressed.

In some cases, the expression of certain semantic relations is clearer than possessive: Fatātun m i n baytin ṭayyib - 'Girl from a good house'.

In this example, ownership relations are more likely to be expressed.

In the function of prepositions, some names or words of clearly named origin are used to express the possessive relations therefore they are called “improper prepositions” in grammars.

As independent names, outside of prepositional combinations, they are usually not used. The nominal character of these words is found in the fact that they are in the accusative case, being in the conjugate state, combined with the name in the subsequent genitive case. After the prepositions, “improper prepositions” are put in the genitive case.

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 3 (30), 2020 ISSN 2587-8093

So, for example, the particle inda conveys the meaning of belonging: “to possess something”, “to have something at one’s disposal”;

‘I n d a h o u kutubon kathiraton - 'He has a lot of books';

‘I n d i shay’on mina ad-daqiqi - 'I have a little flour' [5, p. 409].

Particles siwa and gayra are also used to express the relations of exclusion, which in Arabic are used to express exclusions ('if not', 'except', 'besides', 'excluding', etc.). After these particles, the excluded word is put in the genitive case, since they are names forming the conjugate combination with the excluded name, which expresses possessive relations. In this case, the siwa particle takes in that case which would take the word excluded after illa. The word gayra, by the nature of its ending, does not change in cases, for example:

Ja’a al-qaumou g a y r a zayden - '[all] people except Zeid came';

Ma ja’ani g a y r o u akhika - 'No one came to me except your brother';

or Ma kallamani ahadon g a y r a akhika - 'No one speaks to me except your brother';

Ma sallamtou ala ahaden s i w a akhika - 'I have not greeted anyone except your brother' [5, p. 416-417].

The hasha, khala, and a’da particles ('except, except'), also used in Arabic to express exclusion, can also express possessive relationships. After these particles the excluded word is either in the genitive or accusative case. For example: Ra’aytou koullahom h a s h a amren или h a s h a amran - 'I saw everyone except Amra' [5, p. 417].

Now consider the situation with prepositions in dialects of the Arabic language, for example, in the dialects of the Maghreb. Here the prepositions an and ila, with the exception of the insignificant Bedouin dialects of the Sahara, completely disappeared, the first merged with ala, and the second with li [6, p. 244]. The preposition fi was reduced to fə- / fi- ('inside something'). The consonant n (in mina) is constantly assimilated, for example meggbel - 'from the mountain'. Inda, with pronouns enclitic everywhere replaces the verb “to have” -: ‘á n - d i / ‘ á n d e k - 'I have, / I have', 'you have', etc.

To express possession, service words are common bitā’, tābа’, hаgg, māl of eastern dialects: mtā' (classical mita) mtạ:ε - in the dialect of Tunisia, ntạ̅’ - in the dialect of Algeria, дyạ̅l, de-, d- – in the dialect of Morocco ('someone'). In some dialects, they vary by gender and number, depending on the word with which they are used, for example: əlbágrа n t ạ̅’ọt kåddȳr - 'cow Kaddura' [7, p. 104]. Sometimes they can play the role of real prepositions. The official words mtā’ du-, du-, d-' ('anyone') were known in the Arabic dialect of Spain from the 10th century. [8, p. 296, 7. p. 104].

In the Moorish dialect (Hassania), several old prepositions of the literary language have been preserved, among which it is worth noting that are used to express the possessive relations ilā and εan, unknown in other dialects of the Maghreb. Along with this, there are some innovations: sābəg, šōwṛ, gwa, bēynāt, εāgəb (possession meaning).

The remaining prepositions are the same as in the literary language and other dialects l~lῑ - 'for' (exponent of the dativ), expresses the possession l - a h l - 'such and such people, l ῑ - y - ā n a - 'belongs to me','my-', 'me-' [9, p. 54].

In the Moroccan dialect of the Arabic language with the preposition li/l - 'to' 'for'; First of all, the significance of the transition of action to an indirect object and the meaning of the goal are fixed. The meaning of belonging, so characteristic of this preposition in the literary language, is almost lost in the dialect. In this function, special service words appear - d, dyạ̅l, mtāε, which can be compared with the French preposition de, with the preposition of or possessive case in English; in Russian, the genitive case usually corresponds to them [10, p. 95].

The analytical ("prepositional") method becomes the decisive way of linking an nonagreeing attribute with the word being defined in this dialect, where there is no case declension system for names, as opposed to the literary language. The main dialectical means of communication in this method are the d/di particle and the dyạ̅l service word ('someone belonging to

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someone'). In Bedouin dialects, пtạ̅e or mtạ̅e is used in the same function. In urban and mountain dialects, these words are found in extremely rare cases and, obviously, always under the influence of Bedouin dialects. Using these words d/di, dyạ̅l a combination of names with other names and names with fused pronouns is carried out. In this case, only dyạ̅l is used (with the exception of the cases listed above): 1-ḫātəm d - ə d - d h ə b 'golden ring'; əḍ-ḍāṛ d y ạ̅l i - 'my house'; l-ḥauma d - ə l - q ṣ b a - 'Kasbah district'; waḥdəlḥānut d y ạ̅l tābəqqālt - 'grocery store'. From these examples, as well as from the examples of the preceding description, it can be seen that d and dyạ̅l ('belonging to someone') differ in an extremely wide semantic range. With their help, between the components of attributive phrases the most diverse in meaning connection can be realized: actually attributive, possessive, connection by belonging, partitive connection with respect to the whole, etc. [10, p. 117-118].

In the monograph on the Tunisian dialect of Yu.N. Zavadovsky [11] mentions the particle mtạ:ε ( (the exponent of the genitive), acting as an excuse and indicates that all prepositions are combined with pronominal affixes [11, p. 74].

In the Berber language, prepositions differ from verbal and nominal particles, if not always formally, then, in any case, not always functionally. The set of prepositions is basically the same in all patois and dialects, although, of course, there are variations of the phonetic order. There are purely dialectic prepositions, for example, in the Kabil dialect, the preposition dar 'by', the use of which in one case resembles the Arabic dialect word εand with pronominal affixes in the meaning 'with me' = 'I have', etc. Prepositions are predominantly sent to names or pronouns. They are also found in absolute usage, for example, at the beginning of relative pronouns or at the beginning of subordinate connective sentences, where they form a connecting element [12, p. 38]. Conjunction elements did not develop at all in the Berber language, and as you can see, in this case it is precisely the prepositions that replace them. In other words, instead of “stork and ram,” the Berbers will say “stork with a ram” (bərradž d izimmer), without distinguishing this construction from a “bread and butter” type construction. The attributive preposition i introduces an object, in some cases passing the Russian dative case [13, p. 58].

Conclusion.

Taking into account all of the above, we conclude:

-in the expression of possessive relations in the Arabic language and its dialects, prepositions play an important role. Using a construction with the preposition li-, various cases of possession can be expressed:

-relations of belonging (possession), partitive relations, relations of joint ownership, as well as the possession of the right to something, belonging to someone or something; optional kinship, friendships, neighbors, and all kinds of social relationships, considered as possessive, can also be expressed using the preposition li.

The preposition li- serves to express the attitude to objects that belong to someone, but have not yet received, for example: awards, letters.

Constructions with this preposition may be replaced by other means; first of all, when it comes to relations of inalienable property. A prepositional group with li- is often used instead of an attribute in the genitive case, it is also preferable if an attribute expressed by (name) an adjective, demonstrative pronoun or an attribute in the genitive case is added to both nouns.

The preposition min is also used to express possessive relations in predicative and attribute constructions. Constructions with this preposition express only certain possessive relationships. The use of min is mandatory if the relationship between the names (nouns) is partitive. Min is often found in "paronomastic" structures.

In the function of prepositions, expressions of possessive relations may use “improper prepositions”, which as independent names, outside of prepositional combinations, are usually not used. After the prepositions, “improper prepositions” are put in the genitive case.

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Possessive relations in Arabic can be expressed by particles playing the role of prepositions (inda), official words are also used to express belonging (mtā’, dyạ̅l).

Prepositions are also used in dialects of the Arabic language. In some dialects (Moorish), old prepositions from the literary Arabic language are preserved. In others, the meaning of belonging, characteristic of some prepositions of the literary language, has practically lost. For example, in the Moroccan dialect, special function words d, dyạ̅l, mtāε, appear in this function, which can be compared with the French preposition de, and the English preposition of or possessive case; in Russian, they usually correspond to the genitive.

The analytical (“prepositional”) method becomes the main way of connecting an nonagreeing attribute with a determined word in this dialect. In the same function, in Bedouin dialects, the official words пtạ̅e or mtạ̅e are used. In the Berber language, for example, in the Kabil dialect, dar 'by' is used for this purpose, with the value 'I have' = 'I have'.

Thus, prepositions take an active part in the expression of possession in the Arabic language and its dialects. The functions of prepositions in the Arabic language are taken over by the particles that control the names in the genitive case. With the help of particles and service words, which play the role of prepositions, between the components of phrases can be carried out possessive connection, connection by belonging, connection of a part with respect to the whole, etc.

Syntactically and semantically, prepositions can be replaced by a genitive or an idafa construct, but in some cases a prepositional group is preferable.

Prepositional groups can be separated from the names to which they belong, adjectives with prepositions, attributive genitive or definitions

In the same way as an attribute expressed by adjective, prepositional groups in the Arabic language are found as attribute or predicative phrases.

References

[1]Shboul, A.M.H. "Having" in Arabic /A.M.H. Shboul // Zeitschrift für arabische Linguistik, Germany 11/1983. - P. 24-27.

[2]Brockelmann, Carl, Grundriß der vergleichenden Grammatik der semitischen Sprachen / Carl Brockelmann. Bd. II. Hildesheim/ Zürich/New York. 1982. - 708 S.

[3]Brockelmann, Carl, Arabische Grammatik. Paradigmen, Übungsstücke. Glossar./Carl Brockelmann. Leipzig. 1985. - 196 S.

[4]Waldman, Albert, Genitivverbindung oder Präpositionalgruppe. - Eine strukturellsemantische Untersuchung an der arabischen Nominalgruppe./Albert Waldman // Blohm, Dieter (Hrsg.): Studien zur arabischen Linguistik. Linguistische Studien: Reihe A, Arbeitsberichte; 1989.Berlin. - 151 S.

[5]Grande B.M. Kurs arabskoj grammatiki v sravnitel'no-istoricheskom osveshchenii / B.M. Grande. Moscow: «Vostochnaya literatura», RAN, 2001. - 592 p.

[6]Kampffmeyer G. Südalgerische Studien / G. Kampffmeyer // MSOS 2. Abt. 8 (1905). - S. 225-244.

[7]Zavadovskij YU.N., Arabskie dialekty Magrib /YU.N. Zavadovskij. Moscow:

«Vostochnaya literatura », 1962. - 131 p.

[8]Pèrès H., L'arabe dialectal en Espagne musulmane aux Xe et Xie siècles de notre ère. /H. Pèrès // Melanges offerts à William Marçais. Paris. 1950. - P. 289-300.

[9]Zavadovskij YU.N., Mavritanskij dialekt arabskogo yazyka /YU.N. Zavadovskij. Moscow: «Nauka», 1981. - 78 p.

[10]Kyamilew S.H. Marokkanskij dialect / S.H. Kyamilew. Moscow: «Nauka», 1968. -

131p.

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[11]Zavadovskij YU.N., Tunisskij dialekt arabskogo yazyka / YU.N. Zavadovskij. Moscow: «Nauka», 1979. - 104 p.

[12]Basset A. La langue bеrbérе /A. Basset // Handbook of African Languages 1, ser. ed. Daryll Forde. Oxford University Press. 1952. - 86 p.

DOI 10.36622/MLMDR.2020.30.3.002

UDC 803.0:801.56

SYNTACTIC TYPOLOGY OF MULTICOMPONENT VERBAL PHRASEOCOMBINATIONS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE

E.O. Kovyrshina

____________________________________________________________________________

Voronezh State Technical University

Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor of Foreign Languages and Technology of Translation Department

Elena Olegovna Kovyrshina e-mail helen-kow@ yandex.ru

____________________________________________________________________________

Statement of the problem. In the article on the material of the assembled corpus of phraseological units (in the amount of 1828 PU), obtained by the method of continuous sampling from German-language and bilingual dictionaries, multicomponent phraseological units with a phrase structure with the main word - a verb consisting of three or more components are selected and analyzed from the syntactic position. The method of literal translation determines the syntactic types that are actively used to create multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations (MCVPC), the specificity of syntactic is revealed. types of German PC and syntactic typology of the MCVPC of the German language is created.

Results. Based on the material studied, eight syntactic types of MCVPC were distinguished. In the course of the study, using the method of quantitative analysis, the most frequency types of structural-syntactic schemes were established that actively form multicomponent verbal phrase combinations. Syntax type extraction of German MCVPC and their analysis made it possible to establish the specifics of the syntactic organization of the MCVPC of the German language.

Conclusion. A syntactic typology of the MCVPC of the German language, one of the most numerous classes of multicomponent phraseological units with a diverse syntactic organization was created on the basis of the study. It is established that in the German language there are special syntactic structures of three or more word forms that are used to create multicomponent phrase combinations. The analysis of MCVPC revealed the specificity of German types with two verb components and highlighted the most productive, frequency (566PC) type of MCVPC with the structure of a complex phrase.

The study of the syntactic types of other multicomponent phraseological units - non-verb types, phraseological units with a sentence structure will allow us to expand and deepen our knowledge of multicomponent phraseological units, which occupy a significant place in the phraseological system of the German language.

Study of the structural-syntactic schemes types of the MCVPC and other multicomponent phraseological units, which are the concrete language embodiment of the structural model of the FS, opens up new prospects in the field of syntactic modeling of the German language.

Key words: syntactic type, construction, structural-syntactic scheme, syntactic typology, multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations (MCVPC), structural model, frequency.

For citation: Kovyrshina E.O. Syntactic typology of multicomponent verbal phraseo-combinations of the German language / E.O. Kovyrshina // Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-didactic Researches”. –

2020. - № 3 (30). – P. 18-26.

Introduction.

In various sections of phraseology phraseological units (PU), consisting of two

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© Kovyrshina E.O., 2020

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components, are mainly considered and described. This does not mean, of course, that PU of three or more components have never been considered in the works devoted to phraseology. However, linguists did not study the phraseological features of multicomponent PU.

It is known that PU in terms of expression appear to have certain structural and syntactic constructions built from models of free phrases and sentences.

In this work, based on the theoretical provisions of general phraseology, we analyze PU with a verb phrase structure.

In PU with a collocation structure, a core, leading, grammatically independent component is allocated that relates to a certain part of speech and determines the functioning of a given phrase combination (PS) as a specific member of a sentence. According to the grammatically main word, two types of PC are distinguished: nominal and verbal. The most numerous, productive and diverse are verbal phrase combinations. This is due to the structural and semantic role of the verb.

The study of verbal PC in German was carried out by I.I. Chernysheva [1], A.D. Reichstein [2], D.O. Dobrovolsky [3], H. Burger [4], J. Korhonen [5], K.D. Pilz [6], B. Wotjak [7] and a number of other scientists. In existing studies, multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations (MCVPC) were considered only in passing, they were not distingushed as an independent class of PC and were not studied for any specific features inherent in them.

In this article we will analyze multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations from a syntactic point of view, highlighting syntactic types as “linguistically worked out structural patterns” [8, p. 317], which are used to create MCVPC.

The object of the research in the article is the German multicomponent PU with a diverse syntactic organization, which include three or more components.

The subject of the research is the study of German multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations with the main word - a verb from a syntactic position and determination of the typology of syntactic structures of the MCVPC.

The purpose of the research is to isolate and analyze the syntactic types used to form German multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations, to establish the most frequent, productive ones among them, as well as to identify the specifics of the syntactic types of German PC and to create a syntactic typology of German multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations.

Methodology of the research.

The material used for the research was German multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations obtained by the continuous sampling method from German and bilingual dictionaries [1 **, 2 **, 3 **].

In this paper, leaving the term phraseological phrase as common for any component of the phraseological corpus of the language, we also use the term phraseological combination (PC) for PU with the phrase structure [9].

It should be noted that in German lexicography there is a certain arrangement tradition of the PC components – compare in Russian take legs in hands and in German die Beine unter die Arme nehmen – lit. take legs under arms [10, p. 249].

When identifying the syntactic constructions of German PC, we depict the order of the components of the MCVPC in the following sequence: verb form + direct object form + the form of indirect object or adverbial - regardless of the real order of the objects in the examples. The PC itself is given with a literal and literary Russian translation.

In this work, we study only the inner part of the verbal PC, we do not include variable components in the PS structure.

Research Methods. To determine the structural-syntactic schemes of the German MCVPC, we use the literal translation method. After a literal translation, we give the Russian phraseological equivalent, if any, or a descriptive interpretation of the meaning of the German PC [ibid, p. 249].

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The structural-syntactic schemes of the MCVPC are analyzed in accordance with the generally accepted traditional grammar analysis.

In accordance with the purpose of the study, we also used a descriptive method and a quantitative analysis method.

Results oft he research.

In the research process, eight types of structural-syntactic schemes of the MCVPC were established. The multi-component verbal PC of the German language are constructed according to the following structural and syntactic schemes:

1.Verbal-nominal PC - the verb + noun in Akkusativ with the attribute - adjective, for example, einen hohen Preis bezahlen - pay a high price; ein schiefes Bild haben - have a crooked picture / have a wrong picture, sein wahres Gesicht zeigen - show your true face, j-m den Schwarzen Peter zuschieben - palm off "Black Peter" / inf. palm off unpleasant thing, eine große Geschichte machen aus etw.– make a big story out of sth. / inf. inflate sth., make a fuss about sth., grobes Geschütz auffahren - to deliver a rude gun / inf.,inf! launch heavy artillery.

The number of PC of this scheme is 562.

2.Verbal-nominal PC - a verb + noun in an indirect case with the attribute of an adjective (397 PC), for example, j-n in eine schiefe Lage bringen - lead sb. to a false (crooked) position / put sb. in an awkward position; auf die schiefe Bahn kommen - come on the wrong path / go the wrong way. auf der faulen Haut liegen - lie on sloppy skin / inf. lazy, idle, in die eigene Tasche arbeiten - work in your own pocket /inf. to fill your pocket, to be happy about your own profit, am grünen Tisch sitzen - to sit at the green table / to be torn from life, not to leave the office, auf freien Fuß kommen - to come to your free leg / to be free, hinter schwedischen Gardinen sitzen - to sit behind Swedish curtains / inf. sit behind bars.

An attribute expressed by an adjective, a pronoun, and less often a numeral, consistent with a noun in gender, number and case, is dependent on the main word, forming with it a component that depends on the verb.

Schematically, this can be represented as follows:

verb noun

adj. / pron. / num.

3. Combinations of such type: verb + noun with an attribute expressed with a noun in Genitiv (81 PC), for example, das Licht der Welt erblicken - to see the light of the world / to be born; auf dem Boden des Gesetzes stehen -. stand on the basis of the law / be based on the law; am Rande des Grabes stehen - stand on the edge of the grave, in Teufels Küche kommen - come to the devil's kitchen / inf.,inf!. to fall into the thick of it, to get bound, dem Gebot der Stunde gehorchen - keep the commandment of the hour / do what the situation requires, den Weg des geringsten Widerstandes gehen - follow the path / line of least resistance.

In given PC, attributive relationships are preserved between the grammatically dominant (das Licht) and grammatically dependent (der Welt) components. Thus, the dependent noun, expressed in the genitive case, forms a single compound component with the dominant noun, as in the first two types.

These three types of PC are bicomponent in nature, expanded by a noun-dependent attribute.

4. Multicomponent PC with a comparative construction (23 PC), for example, etw. fürchten wie der Teufel das Weihwasser – inf., humorous. be afraid of sth. like a devil with incense; leben wie der liebe Gott in Frankreich - live like dear God in France / live like in Christ's bosom, aussehen wie ein lebendiges Fragezeichen - look like a living question mark / inf. by all appearance to express complete misunderstanding, sich benehmen wie ein Elefant im Porzellanladen - inf. act like an elephant in a china shop. The number of PC is 23.

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5.Multicomponent PC, the second component of which is expanded by homogeneous elements (107 PC), nouns connected by a conjunction and, for example, hinter Schloß und Riegel sitzen - sit behind the lock and deadbolt / inf. sit behind bars; in Schutt und Asche liegen - lie in rubbish and ash / lie in ruins, auf Hauen und Stechen mit j-m stehen - stand on peaks and injections with sb./ inf. to be on knives with sb., auf Zeichen und Wunder hoffen - hope for a sign and a miracle / hope for a miracle (wait for sth. while inactive), in Dunst und Rauch aufgehen - dissolve in smoke and smoke / dissipate as smoke, go to ashes, Freude und Leid (mit j-m) teilen – grandiloquent(high) share joy and sorrow with sb., mit Händen und Füßen redentalk with arms and legs / inf.,inf! (desperately) gesticulate.

6.Multicomponent PC, in which one position is occupied by analytical combination, for example, a combination of adverbs voll, gut with the verb haben and gut, kurz, warm, schwer with the verb machen (17 PC). These expressions acquire a single meaning due to the fact that adverbs, without changing their external form, turn into components dependent on the verb or noun. For example, die Nase voll haben - have the nose full / inf., inf!. be fed up with sth.; j-n gut im Zug haben - have sb. good at harnessing / inf. to train, to coach sb. - den Hals lang machen - to do long neck / stretch (to look at sb.), peek with curiosity, j-m den Kopf schwer machen - to make sb’s head heavy/ cause concern (grief) to sb..

This material indicates that multicomponent PC should not be considered formally in terms of the number of lexemes, but taking into account analytical formations whose semantics correspond to virtually one component.

7.PC with two verb components (75 PC).

We have identified verbal PC with accompanying verbs that specify or modify the meaning of the main verb.

The pronounced variety of syntactic structures of the verb PC in the German language is associated with the limited possibilities of word formation of the German verb [11], which is compensated by the formation of analytical verb forms.

We list the main verbal forms of PC with two verb components.

1. Partizip + sein; 2. Partizip + haben; 3. Infinitiv + lassen; 4. Infinitiv + zu + sein; 5. Infinitiv + zu + haben; 6. Infinitiv + Modalverben (können, müssen, wollen).

We consider the complex verb form as part of the MCVPC as one component (10 PC), for example, im Galopp durch die Kinderstube geritten sein - in a gallop through the nursery drive on horseback / inf., inf! not to be distinguished by a good upbringing, to be uncouth; mit einem silbernen Löffel im Mund geboren sein - to be born with a silver spoon in his mouth / to be born in a shirt; zu tief ins Glas geguckt / geschaut haben - look too deep into the glass / inf., humorous enough to go too far, sort out; einen zuviel getrunken haben - drink too much (sth.) too much / sort out.

MCVPC with the construction Infinitiv + lassen are fixed in a dictionary (39 PC): the verb lassen in such structures has modal meaning, for example, sich (D) etw. im Kopf herumgehen lassen - allow yourself sth. in the head to check / inf. think over sth.; einen solchen Vorwurf ... nicht auf sich sitzen lassen (können) - do not allow such a reproach to sit / not tolerate, do not demolish such a reproach; den Stock auf j-s Rücken tanzen lassen - let the stick dance on tsp back / inf. walk with a stick on sb. back, sich (von j-m) um den kleinen Finger wickeln lassen - allow yourself to wrap around your little finger / inf. give yourself a handle; obey sb.

Fourth and fifth types of MCVPC are extremely small (2 PC), for example, noch lange /

... zu leben haben - you can live for a long time / he lives not badly.

In German, there are MCVPC, in which the infinitive is used with a modal verb (22 PC), for example, sich (D) keinen Reim auf etw. (A) machen können - not being able to make any rhyme for yourself on sth. / inf. not be able to explain sth., sich weiß waschen wollen - want to wash yourself thoroughly / try to wash yourself white / waste time, wasting time, das Ei unterm Huhn verkaufen müssen - you need to sell the egg directly from under the chicken / sell the goods, barely having time for it to produce.

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MCVPC with two verb components (2 PC) are also identified, for example, die Engel im

Himmel singen hören - to hear how angels sing in the sky / 1. inf. ‚humorous. howl from pain; 2. to feel severe pain, sich (D) über etw. (A) (nicht) viel Kopf zerbrechen machen - (not) make yourself a lot of puzzles / (not) puzzle yourself over sth.

8. The most diverse and numerous are PC, consisting of a verb and extensions dependent on it, occupying two independent positions, expressed by a noun, pronoun or adverb (566 PC), for example, j-m eine Pflaume an den Kopf werfen - throw a plum in the head sb ./ inf., inf! throw a stone at sb's. garden, wieder in die Reihe kommen - come back on line / inf., inf! get in order, get better, mit sich zu Rate gehen - go along with you for advice / think over, weigh sth., j-m ein Schloß vor den Mund hängen - hang sb. castle in front of the mouth / inf., inf! shut up, sein Leben teuer verkaufen - sell your life expensive / give your life expensive, die Wurst nach dem Schinken werfen - throw sausage for ham / inf. sacrifice small for more, j-m einen Knüppel zwischen die Beine werfen - throw sb. club between the legs /inf. 1) insert sticks into the wheels of sb., 2) arrange a catch, build the wiles of sb., das Pferd vor den falschen Wagen spannen - harness the horse in front of the wrong cart / inf. make a wrong decision, sein Huhn im Topf haben - to have your chicken in a pot / to support yourself well, sich (D) die Rosinen aus dem Kuchen klauben - to pick out the raisins from the cake / inf. tear yourself the best pieces; skim off sth.

The quantitative characteristics of all the syntactic types studied, forming the German MCVPC, are shown in the table below.

Table Quantitative characterization of the syntactic types forming the German MCVPC

We have studied 1828 PC and identified 8 syntactic types of MCVPC.

The largest number of PC (566) have PC with a syntactic type - verb + noun / pronoun (Akkusativ) + noun / pronoun / adverb (to whom / where from / where to / where / how/ in which way). An approximately equal number of PC (562) is represented by the syntactic type - the verb + noun in Akkusativ with the attribute - adjective. These two types are the most productive in the formation of MKGPC. In third place are PC (397), formed on the basis of a syntactic model - the verb + noun in an indirect case with the attribute of an adjective. In the fourth, PC, the second component of which is expanded due to homogeneous elements (107 PC). The fifth and sixth types of MCGPC are not numerous: the verb + noun with the attribute expressed by the noun in Genitiv - 81 PC and PC with two verb components - 75 PC. The last two types - PC with a comparative construction (23 PC) and PC, in which one position is occupied by analytical combination (17 PC) are unproductive.

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The most numerous, productive and diverse are PC with the structure of a complex phrase in which the verb grammatically main component that implements a syntactic connection with two word forms dependent on it.

Having examined the structural-syntactic schemes of the MCVPC, we chose the PC with the structure of a complex phrase for further analysis.

The structural-syntactic analysis of such MCVPC revealed their typical structuralsyntactic schemes.

1. Verb + Sa + pS/Pron

ein Haar in der Suppe finden – find hair in soup / inf. 1. find a fault in sth.; 2. find fault with sth., show discontent, die Beine unter die Arme nehmen - take your feet under your arms / inf., Inf! 1. humorous to take legs in hands, to run as fast as possible, 2. to get out of a fit-for- good, den Mantel nach dem Wind drehen - to turn a coat in the wind / inf. adjust to circumstances, keep your nose upwind, j-m ein Pflaster auf die Wunde geben - give sb. patch to the wound / console, pour balm, j-m Honig ums Maul schmieren - smear sb. honey around the face / smear, drive up to sb..

2. Verb + Sa + sich (D) /Sd

dem lieben Gott den Tag stehlen – steal the day of beloved God / inf., inf! to idle; sich (D) das Leben nehmen - take life for yourself / take your own life, commit suicide; seine Seele dem Teufel verschreiben - unsubscribe your soul to hell / sell your soul to the devil. sich (D) (selbst) eine Rute aufbinden - untie the rod (for yourself) / shoulder the burden, sich (D) (s)einen Weg bahnen - make your way.

In German language, a reflexive verb can be expressed using the pronoun sich, which does not merge with the verb into morphological unity, and can stand in a sentence at a distance from the verb.

When considering verbal PCs with sich in their composition, it is necessary to distinguish whether the verb is shaped in the case of pure reflexiveness (interessieren sich - to be interested), then this combination is understood as one component, or sich has its own lexical meaning.

PC with a mandatory reflexive sich were not included in our material. The lexically independent sich usually denotes the addressee (dative case).

For example, sich (D) den Mund verbrennen - burn your mouth / blurt out excess.

3. Verb + Sa + sich (D) + pS

sich (D) eine Kugel durch (in) den Kopf jagen –- drive a bullet through (in) your head / inf. put a bullet in your forehead, sich (D) die Kehle aus dem Hals schreien - scream a throat from your neck / tear yourself up from a scream, sich (D) die Rosinen aus dem Kuchen klauben - pick out your raisins from a pie / inf. tear yourself the best pieces; skim cream off sb. affairs; sich (D) die Nacht (den Winter) um die Ohren schlagen - beat the night (winter) around your ears (over the ears) / inf., inf! spend somewhere all night, all winter.

4. Verb + pS + Adv

schwer auf dem Magen liegen - lie heavily on the stomach / decomp. very burden, disturb, gut durch den Winter kommen - to go through winter good / inf. humorous. eat off during the winter (replenish); fest auf den Beinen stehen - stand firmly on your feet, gut im Rennen liegen - lie on the run well / inf. to go good.

5. Verb + pS + pS

mit seiner Meinung (nicht) hinter Berge halten – keep your opinion behind the mountains / inf. hide your opinion; mit dem Kamm durch die Haare fahren - scallop through hair / draw comb through hair; vom Holzchen auf Stockchen kommen - come from the woods on a stick /

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