Effect of poisons on the body

There is a concept of selective action, what is due to the properties and functional of a particular organ. However, it should be remembered that changes on the part of only one organ can lead to shifts on the part of the whole system of organs or even the entire body!

Effect of poisons on the body

In real conditions of production, a person is exposed not to an isolated impact, but to a complex one multi-factor effect in the following variants:

Combined effect – exposure to the same nature of factors, for example, several chemicals. The effects of such exposure can be manifested in the form of:

Synergy – they strengthen each other's actions;

Antagonism-weaken the effect of each other;

Summations-effects are added together.

Effect of poisons on the body

The combined effect of – simultaneous action of various factors in nature, for example:

Noise + chemical;

Vibration + chemical;

Adverse microclimate + chemical substance;

Effect of poisons on the body

Complex action – simultaneous intake of chemicals into the body in different ways from different environments:

From the air;

With food;

With water;

By absorption through the skin.

Consistent action – a variant of combined action, in which the effect of one substance is replaced by the effect of another.

Biotransformation

Toxic substances in the body interact with cell membranes and other components of cells and interstitial fluid. At the same time, poisons undergo various transformations, that is, they are included in already formed biochemical reactions, developed in the process of phylogenesis.

Biotransformation processes are aimed at neutralization (detoxification) chemical.

Biotransformation

Metabolism is carried out by:

Hydrolysis's

Synthesis'

Oxidations

Recoveries.

At the same time, they are formed mainly less toxic substances.

In some cases, it is possible to form more toxic compounds than the original ones – lethal synthesis.

Organs of leading importance in detoxification of the body from harmful substances:

Kidneys

Liver

Lungs

Gastrointestinal tract Knowing the General laws of the

transformation and behavior of poisons in

the body, you can speed up the processes of decontamination and elimination with the help of:

Medicines (antidotes);

Some physical therapy procedures;

Through the introduction of certain food substances into the body, or Vice versa, a ban on consumption.

Prevention

Labour legislation provides for:shortening the working day,

increasing the length of vacation,earlier retirement dates;

limitations in the employment of women and adolescents.

Organization of a supply and exhaust ventilation system designed for:

capture and disposal of toxic substances in the places of their formation;

dilution of harmful substances with clean air when they arrive in the work area.

Prevention

Replacing harmful substances with less toxic ones, for example, lead whitewash with zinc, benzene with gasoline;

Elimination of harmful substances from production, for example, removal of phosphorus from matchmaking, removal of mercury from felt production;

Hygienic standardization of raw materials and technological formulations, where the content of particularly harmful impurities is regulated;

Mechanization, automation and sealing;