Сидоркина Е.В. Английский язык для юристов. Ч. 2

1.extremism

2.left wing, national, political, religious

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1.war

2.global, defensive, holy, cold

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1+2

1.safety

2.public, occupational, weapon, road

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Text II

7. Read the text and try to understand the main ideas of it:

TERRORISM

«Terror» comes from the Latin verb «terrere» meaning «to frighten». The terror cimbricus was a panic and state of emergency in Rome in response to the approach of warriors of the Cimbri tribe in 105 BC.

There is no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition of terrorism. Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts which are intended to create terror, are perpetrated for a religious, political or ideological goal, deliberately target or disregard the safety of civilians, and are committed by nongovernment agencies.

Studies have found over 100 definitions of «terrorism».

The concept of terrorism may itself be controversial as it is often used by state authorities to delegitimize political or other opponents, and potentially legitimize the state’s own use of armed force against opponents.

Terrorism has been practiced by a broad array of political organizations for furthering their objectives. Terrorist acts often have a political purpose.

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TСКЭ’Ь why terrorism is defined as political violence in an asymmetrical conflict that is designed to induce terror and psychic fear (sometimes indiscriminate) through the violent victimization and destruction of noncombatant targets. The purpose of terrorism is to exploit the media in order to achieve maximum attainable publicity as an amplifying force multiplier in order to influence the targeted audience(s) in order to reach short-and midterm political goals.

The following types of terrorism are distinguished:

-civil disorder – a form of collective violence interfering with the peace, security, and normal functioning of the community;

-political terrorism – violent criminal behaviour designed primarily to generate fear in the community, or substantial segment of it, for political purposes;

-non-political terrorism – terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes but which exhibits «conscious design to create and maintain a high degree of fear for

coercive purposes, but the end is individual or collective gain rather than the achievement of a political objective»;

-quasi-terrorism – the activities incidental to the commission of crimes of violence that are similar in form and method to genuine terrorism but which nevertheless lack its essential ingredient. The quasi-terrorist uses techniques of the genuine terrorist and produces similar consequences and reaction. For example, the fleeing felon who takes hostages is a quasi-terrorist, whose methods are similar to those of the genuine terrorist but whose purposes are quite different;

-limited political terrorism – genuine political terrorism is characterized by a revolutionary approach; limited political terrorism refers to acts of terrorism which are committed for ideological or political motives but which are not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the state;

-official or state terrorism – «referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions». It may also be referred to as Structural Terrorism defined broadly as terrorist acts carried out by governments in pursuit of political objectives, often as part of their foreign policy.

5.legally binding –

6.to intend –

7.to perpetrate –

9.target –

10.controversial –

11.to delegitimize –

12.potentially –

13.array –

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16.non-combatant –

17.to exploit –

18.attainable –

VOCABULARY WORK

8. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian wordcombinations given below:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

9. Find synonyms for the following words:

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10. Fill the gaps in the following sentence:

1.«Terror» comes from the Latin verb «terrere» meaning _________.

2.The concept of terrorism may itself be________ as it is often used by state

authorities to delegitimize political or other opponents, and potentially legitimize the state’s own use of armed force against opponents.

3.Terrorist acts frequently have ________.

4.The purpose of terrorism is to _________.

5.________ is a form of collective violence interfering with the peace, security, and normal functioning of the community.

6.________ is terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes.

7.The quasi-terrorist uses __________ of the genuine terrorist and produces similar consequences and reaction.

8.Limited political terrorism refers to acts of terrorism which are committed for ideological or political motives but which are not part of a concerted campaign to

_____________.

9.It may also be referred to as _________ defined broadly as terrorist acts carried out by governments in pursuit of political objectives, often as part of their foreign policy.

COMPREHENSION

11. Say if the following statements are true or false. Comment on the true statements and correct the false ones:

1.Terrorism has been defined as «the unlawful use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of

intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons».

2.The concept of extremism may itself be controversial as it is often used by

state authorities to delegitimize political or other opponents, and potentially legitimize the state’s own use of armed force against opponents.

3.Terrorism has been practiced by a broad array of political organizations for furthering their objectives.

4.Terrorist acts seldom have a political purpose.

5.There are 100 types of terrorism in the world.

6.Non-political terrorism is terrorism that is aimed at political purposes but which exhibits «conscious design to create and maintain a high degree of fear for

coercive purposes, but the end is individual or collective gain rather than the achievement of a political objective».

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7.Some people today act as if history had no lessons for modern man.

8.LТЦТЭОН ЩШХТЭТМКХ ЭОЫЫШЫТЬЦ ЫОПОЫЬ ЭШ “acts of terrorism which are committed

for ideological or political motives but which are not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the state.

9. On a regular basis, terrorist attacks kill hundreds, maim thousands, and rob millions of their right to peace of mind and safety.

DISCUSSION

12.Speak on the following topics:

1.There are some people who died for inflicting pain to others.

2.Terrorist activity in many countries.

3.The state of being free from danger or injury.

4.Legitimizing of the state's own use of armed force against opponents.

13.Answer the following questions:

1.What is the aim of terrorism?

2.What important steps in the history of terrorism can you name?

3.What are types of terrorism?

4.What is the aim of terrorism?

5.What is civil disorder?

6.What is political terrorism?

7.What is non-political terrorism?

8.What is quasi-terrorism?

9.What is limited political terrorism?

10.What is official or state terrorism?

14. Combine the whole information of the unit and make a topic about fight against terrorism and extremism.

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