Сидоркина Е.В. Английский язык для юристов. Ч. 2

4. Match the words on the right with the suitable attributes on the left and make up sentenМОЬ аТЭС ЭСО pСЫКЬОЬ вШЮ’ЯО РШЭ:

5. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms from the text:

The aim of penalty, rehabilitate the criminal, violate a law, rise in crime rate, custody, deprivation of freedom, jail term, cancel, order, help the offender, proclaim.

6. Complete the text using the proper words or phrases in the box:

What is the ______________of punishment? One purpose is to ___________

ЭСО МЫТЦТЧКХ, ЭШ МШЫЫОМЭ ЭСО ШППОЧНОЫ’Ь ЦШЫКХ КЭЭТЭЮНОЬ. PЮЧТЬСЦОЧЭ МКЧ КХЬШ ЛО ЬООЧ КЬ a deterrent because it ________ other people of what will happen if they are tempted to __________________ the law and so prevents them from doing so. A third purpose of _______________lies, in society desire for retribution, which means revenge.

The form of punishment should also be considered. On the one hand, some

believe that we should be ___________ of their own property to ensure that criminals are left in no doubt thКЭ МЫТЦО НТНЧ’Э ЩКв. FШЫ ЭСШЬО аСШ КЭЭКМФ ШЭСОЫЬ

_____________ should be used. Murders should be subject to the principle «an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth» and automatically receive the ___________.

7. Read and translate the text. While reading the text try to find answers to these questions:

-Is capital punishment humane?

-Does it influence the crime rate?

-What are the reasons for capital punishment?

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: FOR AND AGAINST

The ultimate penalty is death (capital punishment). It is carried out by hanging (Kenya); electrocution, gassing or lethal injection (U.S.); beheading or stoning (Saudi

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Arabia); or shooting (China). Although most countries still have a death penalty, 35 (including almost every European nation) have abolished it; 18 retain it only for exceptional crimes such as wartime offences; and 27 no longer carry out executions even when a death sentence has been passed. In other words, almost half the countries of the world have ceased to use the death penalty. The UN has declared itself in favor of abolition, Amnesty International actively campaigns for abolition, and the issue is now the focus of great debate.

Supporters of capital punishment believe that death is a just punishment for certain serious crimes. Many also believe that it deters others from committing such crimes. Today there are murderers in prisons all over the world. Most of them would rather spend their lives in jail than die. This is not surprising. The desire to live is normal and natural. In prison there are many small pleasures that one can enjoy every day: the feeling of warm sunshine, the taste of a hot meal, the comfort of sleep. Life in prison is not always cruel. Many prisoners are able to continue their educations, play sports, enjoy movies, and receive visits from their loved ones.

Opponents argue that execution is cruel and uncivilized. Capital punishment involves not only the pain of dying but also the mental anguish of waiting, sometimes for years, to know if and when the sentence will be carried out. Opponents also argue that there is no evidence that it deters people from committing murder any more than imprisonment does. Prison is a better form of punishment. It protects society, and it punishes criminals by taking away their freedom.

People can change, even people who have made terrible mistakes. Life in prison gives people the chance to change. Carl Chessman is an example of someone who became a better person in prison. He taught other prisoners how to read, and he wrote several books. Before his execution, he wrote that he had finally learned not to hate. Chessman learned this important lesson in prison. But a dead man learns nothing, and an executed person will never change.

A further argument is that, should a mistake be made, it is too late to rectify it once the execution has taken place. In 1987, two academics published a study showing that 23 innocent people had been executed in the USA. Research has shown that capital punishment is used inconsistently.

In addition, while in some countries young people are not sent to prison but to special juvenile detention centers, in Nigeria, Iran, Iraq, Bangladesh and the USA children under 18 have been legally put to death.

As the debate about capital punishment continues, the phenomenon of death row increases. In 1991, no one was executed in Japan, but three people were sentenced to death, bringing the total number on death row to fifty.

The debate also involves the question of what punishment is for. Is it revenge or retribution? Is it to keep criminals out of society? Or is it to reform and rehabilitate them?

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Vocabulary notes:

1.by hanging –

2.electrocution –

3.to behead –

4.shooting –

5.to retain –

6.executions –

7.sentence –

8.to cease –

9.just –

10.to deter –

11.jail –

12.pleasure –

13.to argue –

14.to involve –

15.mental anguish –

16.to hate –

17.to rectify –

18.innocent –

19.research –

20.juvenile detention centers –

21.death row –

22.revenge –

VOCABULARY WORK

8. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian wordcombinations given below:

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assassin is the lesser of two _________. Capital punishment may not be the ideal answer, but it is better than nothing, especially when, as in England, a sentence of lifelong ____________ only lasts eight or nine years.

13. Translate the following sentences into English:

COMPREHENSION

14.Say if the following statements are true or false. Comment on the true statements and correct the false ones:

1.Many European countries support the idea of capital punishment abolition.

2.The usual punishment for more serious crimes is a fine.

3.The idea of imprisonment as a form of punishment is old.

4.PЫТЬШЧЬ аОЫО ЮЬОН ПШЫ ЭСО МШЧПТЧОЦОЧЭ ШП НОЛЭШЫЬ аСШ НТНЧ’Э аКЧЭ ЭШ ЩКв.

5.18 countries of the world have abolished capital punishment.

6.In many countries young offenders are sent to prison.

7.Opponents are sure that capital punishment increases the percent of violent

crime.

8.In many countries living conditions in prison are the same.

9.Capital punishment is carried out by hanging or electrocution in the USA.

10.The purpose of punishment causes great disputes in the modern world.

17.Match the countries with the ways of execution they practice:

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18.Choose the correct alternative in each case to complete the sentence:

1.The UN supported______________.

a)the death penalty

b)execution by hanging

c)the abolition of capital punishment

d)opponents of imprisonment

e)execution by lethal injection.

2. In 1987 the American study showed that __________ innocent people were executed in the USA.

a)23

b)19

c)27

d)18

e)16

3. The capital punishment was abolished in England in ______________.

a)October 1963

b)November 1963

c)November 1965

d)October 1967

e)December 1964

4. Countries of European Union do not have _______________.

a)criminals

b)capital punishment

c)prisons

d)death row

e)offences

DISCUSSION

19. Discuss the following statements in pairs. Words in frame can help

you:

1.«An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth»! (eternal Biblical principle, spirit of revenge, cruel, civilized world, humane, barbaric).

2.«Let the punishment fit the crime» (someone who kills should be deprived of his own life, circumstances should be taken into account).

3.«It is more prudent to acquit two guilty persons than found guilty an innocent one» (to respect rights and freedoms, inherent right, a necessary sacrifice).

4.«The death penalty is more economical alternative to life imprisonment» (taxpayers, high litigation cost, error, to create problems, but not to solve them).

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20. Write more advantages and disadvantages of capital punishment. Discuss your ideas in pairs.

FOR CAPITAL

PUNISHMENT

AGAINST CAPITAL

PUNISHMENT

21. Answer the following questions:

1.What does the word punishment mean?

2.What kinds of punishment do you know?

3.What is the purpose of punishment?

4.What is an ultimate penalty?

5.Is prison an effective punishment? Why or why not?

6.For what prisons were used until the 18th century?

7.Do you believe that public executions would deter crime? If so, how?

8.Do you think that the death penalty would prevent crime in your country? Why or why not?

9.Does it influence the crime rate?

10.When was capital punishment abolished in England?

11.What are the reasons for capital punishment?

12.What are the reasons against capital punishment?

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22. Combine the whole information of the unit and make a topic about punishment.

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Yet, some people today act as if history had no lessons for modern man. On a regular basis, terrorist attacks kill hundreds, maim thousands, and rob millions of their right to peace of mind and safety. Bombs explode in marketplaces, villages burn to the ground, women are raped, children go into captivity, people die. In spite of laws and universal condemnation, this cruel routine does not stop.

7.sword –

8.garment –

10.sequel –

11.slaughter –

12.retribution –

13.reel –

17.burn –

18.captivity –

19.condemnation –

VOCABULARY WORK

3. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian wordcombinations given below:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

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