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Сидоркина Е.В. Английский язык для юристов. Ч. 2

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. . и р и

II.

2014

81-25
81.2 –	.
34
		т р
и р и	. .,	-

34	.	II /	. . –	:
	78 .		,	2014. –
	78 .
			81-25
			81.2 –	.

©	. ., 2014
©	, 2014

1.	…………………………………………………………………...		4
2.		……………………………………………………..	5
3.		………………………………………..	19
4.	,	…………………………………………...	28
5.		…………………………………………...	34
6.		……………………………………………………	38
7.	- …………………………………………………………………		44
8.		………………………………………...	48
9.	……………………………………………………………………...		59
10.		……………………………………	69
	……………………………………………………………………….		77

-		,
.		,
		,
	,	.
	,	.
		.
		.
.		,
.
,
,		.
.
.	, . .
	, . .
,	,	.
2012-2013	.	2011-2012
2012-2013	.

READING

1. Read and translate the following international words:

expert	specialize	interpretation
individual	prestige	representation
career	examination	exclusively
client	assistant	administrator
authority	opponent	instance
department	figure	candidate
execution	reputation	presidency
audience	advocacy	to qualify
argument	qualification	organization

2. Read the text about the main types of legal professions and then translate it. While reading the text try to answer a question:

- What famous lawyers do you know?

THE LEGAL PROFESSIONS

Most countries have different group of lawyers who each takes a particular kind of examination in order to qualify to do particular jobs. The word «lawyer» is used to mean someone who has legal knowledge or who is engaged in the practice of law. In Japan, a lawyer must decide whether he wants to take the examination to become an attorney, a public prosecutor or a judge. In England, the decision is between becoming a barrister

or a solicitor. Barristers specialize in arguing cases in front of a judge and have the right of audience, even in the highest court. They are not paid directly by clients, but are employed by solicitors. Solicitors have also a right of audience in lower courts,

but in higher courts, such as the Court of Appeal, they must have a barrister to argue

ЭСОТЫ МХТОЧЭ’Ь МКЬО. IЧ РОЧОЫКХ, К ЛКЫЫТЬЭОЫ ЬЩОЧНЬ ЦШЬЭ ШП СТЬ time in a courtroom or preparing his arguments for the court. But a solicitor spends most of his time in an office giving advice to clients, making investigations and preparing documents.

If a person has a legal problem in England, he will

go and see a solicitor. TСО аШЫН “ЬШХТМТЭШЫ” ТЬ ЮЬОН ЭШ denote the majority of lawyers in the UK, in the USA the word solicitor refers to a door-to-door salesman. There are more than 50,000 solicitors in Britain, and the number is increasing.

Many problems are dealt with by a solicitor. For instance, the solicitor deals with petty crimes and some matrimonial ЦКЭЭОЫЬ ТЧ MКРТЬЭЫКЭОЬ’ CШЮЫЭЬ. HО ЩЫОЩКЫОЬ

the case and the evidence. In a civil action the solicitor can speak in the County Court, when the case is one of divorce or recovering some debts. In the County Court the solicitor wears a black gown over the ordinary clothes.

A solicitor also deals with matters outside Court. He does the legal work involved in buying a house, for instance. If you want to make a will the best man to advise you is a solicitor.

Barristers are different from solicitors. The word barrister comes from the bar of the court, a railing which separates the judges from the litigants and the public. Barristers are expert in the interpretation of the Law. They are called in to advice on

really difficult points. The barristers are also an expert on advocacy. Indeed, if you desire ЫОЩЫОЬОЧЭКЭТШЧ ТЧ КЧв МШЮЫЭ ОбМОЩЭ ЭСО MКРТЬЭЫКЭОЬ’ CШЮЫЭ, вШЮ ЦЮЬЭ СКЯО К

barrister.

Barristers are rather remote figures. They do not have public offices in any street. They work in what are known as chambers often in London. They belong to the institutions called Inns of Court, which are ancient organizations rather like exclusively clubs.

In the USA the Justice Department is responsible for the faithful execution of the laws ЮЧНОЫ ЭСО PЫОЬТНОЧЭ’Ь КЮЭСШЫТЭв. TСО ЦКТЧ КНЦТЧТЬЭЫКЭШЫЬ ШП ПОНОЫКХ ХКа

enforcement are the ninety-four U.S. attorneys, who are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.

There is a U.S. attorney in each federal judicial district. Their staffs of assistant attorneys vary in size with the amount of litigation in the district. U.S. attorneys have considerable discretion, which makes them powerful political figures. In 1983 President Reagan appointed Rudolph Giuliani as U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York. Over the next five, he notched his briefcase with dozens of successful prosecutions of elected officials, judges and organized crime figures. He was Mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. He put up his candidate for presidency in 2008.

		Vocabulary notes:
1.	to engage –	-	;
2.	barrister –	,
3.	solicitor –	,	(	,
	)
4.	advice –
5.	to denote –	,
6.	salesman –
7.	to refer –
8.	to increase –
9.	petty –	,

10. matrimonial –

11.evidence –

12.divorce –

13.recover debts –

14.gown –

15.to make a will –

16. railing –	,
17. litigant –
18. to desire –
19. remote –	,
20. chamber –
21. Inns of Court –		,
22. ancient –
23. faithful –
24. U.S. attorney –	(	)
25. litigation –	,
26. discretion –
27. to notch –	,
28. successful –

VOCABULARY WORK

3. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian wordcombinations given below:

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

4. Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right:

1) legal	a) US lawyers having the right to
	prosecute
2) attorney	b) power or right to give orders

3) advocacy	c) connected with the law
4) audience	d) gathering of persons for the
	purpose of hearing a speaker
5) petty crimes	e) the carrying out a piece of work
6) divorce	f) legal ending of a marriage
7) execution	g) crimes which are not serious
8) solicitor	h) support of a client in a court
9) barrister	i) an English lawyers who gives
	advice to clients
10) authority	j) an English lawyers who argues
	cases in any court
11) appoint	k) to consider arguments for and
	against
12) argue	l) to select for an office

5. Replace the parts in a bold type by the words from the text and translate the sentences:

1.This affair requires experience and hard work.

2.Who is responsible for the inquiry?

3.Being a professional lawyer means obtaining professional experience.

4.He does not want to get back my money.

5.What reasons to suspect him of robbery have you got?

6.He is not an attorney and has no freedom to decide on the case.

7.Could you recommend me what barrister to choose?

8.He has had a lot of successful lawsuits for this year.

9.We received their approval to continue the research.

10.These appointees are under my jurisdiction.

11.He is a specialist in advocacy.

12.The maximum punishment for a miner offence is a fine or a short term in

prison.

6.Complete the sentences using the proper words or phrases in the box:

advice	barristers	defendant	prison
civil action	advise	cross-examines	advocacy
coroners	Magistrates	solicitor	attorney
evidence	High Court Judges	chambers

1.If a person has a legal problem in England, he will go and see a _______.

2.In the US, he will go and see an _____________.

3.A case of divorce is a ________.

4._________ who have medical or legal training to investigate violent or unnatural death.

5.______________ are specialist in the art of presenting cases in court.

6.__________is the art of presenting cases in court.

7.They are called in to __________on really difficult points.

8.____________ are usually have no formal legal qualifications, but they are respectable people who given some training.

9.A defence lawyer ________ the witnesses in court.

10.Barristers work in ________________.

11.The jury listen to the _________ given in court in certain criminal cases and decide whether ___________is guilty or innocent.

12.You should take legal __________ before start divorce proceedings. 13.___________ deal with the most serious crimes, such as those for which the

criminal might be sent to__________ for more than a year.

Text II

7. Read and translate the text. Then agree or disagree with the statement: «It is very difficult to become a lawyer».

PROFFESION OF A LAWYER

In some countries in order to practise as a lawyer it is necessary to get a university degree in law. But, in others, a degree may be insufficient; professional examinations must be passed. In Britain, it is not necessary to have a degree, although nowadays most people entering the professions do. The main requirement is to pass the Bar Final Examination (for barristers) or the Law Society Final Examination (for

solicitors). Someone with university degree in a subject other than law needs to take a preparatory course. Someone without a degree at all may also prepare for the final examination, but this will take several years. In most countries, lawyers will tell you that the time they spent studying for the law finals was one of the most difficult in their life! This is because an enormous number of procedural rules covering a wide area of law must be memorized. In Japan, where there are relatively few lawyers the examinations are supposed to be particularly hard: less than 5 percent of candidates pass. Even after passing the examination, lawyer is not necessary qualified. A solicitor in England, for example, must then spend two years as an articled clerk, during this time his work is closely supervised by an experienced lawyer, and he must take further courses. A barrister must spend a similar year as a pupil.

The rate at which the legal profession grows is terrific. Several years ago, there was one lawyer for every 700 people. In the 21st century the number of lawyers will probably outpace the rate of population growth.

Why is the career in law so popular? The glamour of legal practice strengthens the attraction of its financial reward. In the USA the average salary of experienced lawyers in private practice is more than $100,000.

Vocabulary notes:

1.university degree –

2.insufficient –

3.to pass –

4.requirement –

5.	the Bar Final Examination –	,
6.	the Law Society Final Examination		–	,

7.take a preparatory course –

8.finals –

9.enormous –

10. articled clerk –	-
11. to supervise –	,
12. experienced –
13. to outpace –	,
14. to strengthen –	,
15. reward –
16. salary –
	VOCABULARY WORK

8. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian wordcombinations given below:

4. -

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

9. Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right:

1. insufficient	a) to make or become stronger
2. to supervise	b) not enough

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