Bibliography

1.Adrianova, I. Learn and celebrate / I. Adrianova, N. Toumanova. –

Новосибирск : «Инфолио-пресс», 1992. – 159 c.

2.Hornby, A. S. Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary / A.S. Hornby. – Oxford University Press, 2000. – 1540 p.

3.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_the_United_K ingdom&action=history

4.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

5.http://eng.1september.ru

6.http://news.bbc.co.uk

7.http://www.bbclearningenglish.com

8.http://www.ciee.org/wat/

9.http://www.magazine-deutschland.de

10.http://www.onestopenglish.com И

11.Nauton, J. Profile 1. Student’s Book. Intermediate / J. Nauton. – Oxford university Press, 2005. – 143 p. Д

12.Nauton, J. Profile 2. Student’s Book. Intermediate / J. Nauton. – Oxford university Press, 2005. – 175 p.

13.Wood, N. Business and CommerceАWorkshop / N. Wood. – Oxford university Press, 2005. – 40 p.

14.Powell, Martinez, Jillett.бNew Business Matters. Coursebook / Powell, Martinez, Jillett. – Thomson HEINLE, 2004. – 2000 p.

15.Speak Out: Журналидля изучающих английский язык. – 2005. –

№1.

16.Speak Out:СЖурнал для зучающих английский язык. – 2005. –

№4.

17.Speak Out: Журнал для изучающих английский язык. – 2005. –

№6.

18.Speak Out: Журнал для изучающих английский язык. – 2008. –

№4.

19.Kay, S. Inside Out. Student’s Book. Pre-intermediate / S. Kay, J. Vaughan, P. Kerr. – Oxford : Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2006. – 143 p.

20.Evans, V. Enterprise 3. Course Book. Pre-intermediate / V. Evans, G. Dooley. – Berkshire : Express Publishing, 2002. – 142 p.

21.Кузовлев, В.П. English. 10-11 классы. Activity Book / В.П. Кузов-

лев. – M. : Просвещение, 2006. – 112 с.

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ENGLISH AS

A GLOBAL LANGUAGE

1. How long have you been studying English? Read the following ideas

2. What language is an internationalАДone nowadays? What language should English native speakersбlearn? Read what James says about the

English language. Do you agree with him?

People say thatиEnglish people are lazy when it comes to learning languages, and that when foreigners coming to England speak English, English peopleСshould return the favour. Fair enough! I think this is true, but what language should English people learn? Europe is linguistically quite diverse, so even if everyone in England spoke fluent German as well as English, no doubt the French and Spanish would think that we were unwilling or lazy for not learning their languages.

But, no doubt it won't be long before the international language changes again. Only 100 years ago, Latin and French were important languages, 50 years ago, English and Russian, and now only English. It is only a matter of time before another language takes over the role of international languages, and at this rate it looks like it will be Mandarin! The grammar of Mandarin is quite simple. In many cases its vocabulary is too. There are no articles, no genders. Numbers are all easily constructed (55 is five ten five) and dates are as well. The only difficulties lie in the tones. But anyone could pick them up with little practice and a musical ear.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/

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3. Find the words in the text (Ex. 2) that mean:

- the act or process of acquiring knowledge or skill; - a person not native to the country;

- concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations; - spoken or written with ease;

- of various kinds or forms; multiform.

4. Use these words to complete the sentences:

1. India is quite ………………, both politically and religiously.

2. ………………. another language widens your cultural knowledge about the world and the people who live outside the borders of your own country. 3. I can't speak a word of French so everyone can tell I'm a

…………………….. as soon as I arrive in France.

4. I strongly disagree with Esperanto becoming an ……………………

language as it has no chance of possessing the beauty of the language because all of its expressions and rules have already been spelled out for it.

7. Read other people’s comments. Write a summary of each story. What’s your opinion? Jonathan:

English is I am told the "world language" in terms of trade and commerce and because so many people now speak it in many civilised areas of the globe it is hard not to become relaxed. However I

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am a Britishman living in Slovakia and my partner is Slovak with excellent English. I spent three years learning the Slovak language and found it really difficult but I knew I had to learn it to communicate with friends and family in Slovakia who don't speak my language. All in all you can probably get around without ever speaking a foreign language but if you want to feel at home, understand a culture and have better employment opportunities then learning the countries local language or at least knowing another major world language does help. I also don't have to rely on my partner to assist me all the time!

Martin:

You should not blame English people for not being able to speak foreign languages, because of our education system many of us only start learnИ- ing language by the age of 11yrs compared to France who start at the age of four or fiveДyears, it

is by the fault of this glitch in the education system that many English children no matter even if they want to learn language at a young age can't. Even when we do start to learn Аa foreign language there is only 3yrs of mandatory learning, which takes place for two or three lessons per week. When the learning is over,бmany forget it because they have no use for it other than to order food when on holiday because whether you like it or not the English language иis used everywhere, and often a foreign persons language skills are better than the English because they started at a very young age learningСit. If you want to blame English speakers for being lazy for not learning then you should also blame yourselves for resorting to speaking English every time an English person is trying to speak to you in your language to get what little practice they can, I have found that every time I go to France that when I speak French they speak English back and even when I persist in speaking French they continue to speak English, you can't win!

James:

We're always going on about the need to learn ‘foreign languages’ without going into which we should learn. If an English speaker knows Spanish as well as English, it will make very little difference to

his or her life. If a Spaniard knows English as well as Spanish, he or she is

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likely to find it useful in life. I speak three foreign languages well and another at a basic level but would still not be able to speak the local language in most European countries and have been unable to find any opportunity to put these languages to practical use. If I went to Germany, I'd be considered a typically lazy, ignorant monolingual Briton just because I can't speak German. A German who spoke only German and English would be well looked on. It's a double standard. English speakers would have to know 10+ languages to shake off the 'ignorant monolingual' tag.

Nicky:

I am English, living in Australia after all, but I have bothered to learn several languages. In answer to the question which other language to learn. Until the First World War we all learned German,Иthen we moved over to French. When I was at school we did 5 years of Latin, here in Australia, the governmentД encourages students to

learn Mandarin and Japanese for trade reasons. Italian is hugely popular here because of the early influence of Italian settlers. Many schools working along the lines, of 'what is theАmost likely to be used?' have plumped for Indonesian given that so many Aussies holiday in Bali. Likewise in the UK, French and Spanish wouldбseem to be the most useful. I am a language teacher myself and my children between them have studied, French, Japanese, Italian, German,иEnglish, Creole, Russian, and Spanish. My next-door neighbours have done a variety of Asian languages and my mother studiedСHindi and my uncle Greek and Hebrew. After consulting with many colleagues I have come to the conclusion it is quicker to study a language that has the same script, is not based on tones and so is pronounced in a similar way and that you are most likely to visit/use. It is universally recognised by linguist that the easiest language for an English native speaker to learn is Afrikaans, but how useful would that be?

Jane:

What language you learn depends on your life goals. If say you are an American whose only purpose for a secondary language is to be able to communicate better with your community it depends where you live, yet Spanish is on the increase. If you want to learn a

language to develop in your career, then this also depends on what you want to do. If you are looking to go into social work, then Spanish is your

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answer. If you want to go into international business, then Spanish and Chinese is good for you. If you are trying to learn another language in order to help your kids, then I suggest any and every language tutor or class that you can get your hands on (there is no loss here). Even if your child wants to learn Latin (although it is not very helpful in modern conversational language). But it will enrich you child's knowledge, and more than likely they will find a use for it (research, teaching, etc..) If you want to go into the FBI, CIA I would suggest Arabic. The right language to learn depends on each individual person and aspirations. Just make sure that the language you choose to learn is correct. Try and become fluent, but learn greetings in all and every language you can think of; here, it is the effort that you make in trying to please whoever you are dealing with that really

language. English is b__21) no means a ’universal’ ton__ __ __22) just yet - and i__23) my eyes it i__24) unsuitable as one, al__ __ __25) with all

other nati__ __ __ __26) languages.

Personal experience wi__ __27) show that a person tal__ __ __ __28) in a second (non-native) lang__ __ __ __29) will never reach qu__ __ __30) the same level o__31) fluency as the nat__ __ __32).

The beauty of nati__ __ __ __33) languages is in th__ __ __34) differences, their complexities, t__ __35) subtlety of their tu__ __ __36) of

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phrase - but i__37) is these same trea__ __ __ __ __38) that make national lang__ __ __ __ __39) too difficult and t__ __40) non-neutral for intercommunication. This is a reason why an easy-to-learn, auxiliary language like Esperanto should be used to solve the language problem - speakers of all languages, large and small, should have a real chance of learning a second language to an expressive, highly communicative level.

Make the correct word boundaries and you will know the answers.

Diversityareofareandarerespectalldeathmajoritythegenerallythegreatestdive rsityspreadstatisticsmoreofpopulationnativebytongueinisalongnationalwillt alkinglanguagequiteofnativenationaltheirtheturnsittreasureslanguagestoo

10. Read the following tips and add them to your list. Become a child again!

Look at the language you are trying to learn as a totally new thing, accept new words and sentences in their context instead of trying to translate them word-for-word back in to English. Children don't question their native language as they're growing up and learning it, they just accept...

Make learning a part of your life

Make your learning an active part of your life. Recent research in adult learning shows that you're likely to remember 20% of what you read

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and 30% of what you hear ... and a staggering 90% of what you see, hear, say and do. So, practise by doing things like saying phone numbers out loud, making shopping and other lists, memorising orders in a bar or restaurant.

Keep a check on your progress

Keep a check on your progress. If ever you feel you're not learning fast enough, you may be underestimating how much progress you're actually making. Go back every so often to something you did early on to prove to yourself how much you've learnt.

Set short-term goals

Be realistic and don't expect miracles. Language learning takes time and commitment - don't expect to be fluent overnight and don't be hard on yourself when you can't remember everything you've learnt.

Set yourself some short-term goals - the thought of a visit in a few months' time to a place where the language you're learning is spoken is a real incentive to learn.

than by saying nothing until you're word perfect. Generally, people are on-

activities is an excellent wayбof building familiarity with the language. So

if you're tired and your mind is wandering, instead of giving your language learning a miss do some activities you've done before and which won't require as much concentration.

If you find your concentration wavering, remind yourself of why you wanted to learn in the first place. This helps to keep you focused.

Listen to native speakers using audio and video clips

If your ambition is to speak the language, you need to train yourself to listen without always seeing it written down. You might find this hard at first but it pays off when you come to speak it. You won't always be trying to pronounce it like English.

Improve your accent and your confidence by listening to speakers on the audio and video clips over and over and imitating them closely - out loud. The more you do this, the more you'll find yourself becoming comfortable with the sounds of the language.

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Don't let grammar worry you

Don't let grammar worry you - but don't go out of your way to avoid it either. Grammar is simply the term for the mechanics of a language, and basic knowledge of the rules of grammar will allow you to say what you want to say instead of having to rely on set phrases.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/yoursay/learning_tips.shtml

11. There are at least 20 hidden words. Find them!

12. Find the wordsСfrom Ex. 11 in the text above and ask questions to the sentences they are in.

13. Reorder the words to make questions and answer them.

1.which / will / language / one / over / role / of / take / the / an / international?

2.it / are / people / languages / lazy / when / to / English / learning / comes?

3.it / script / study / to / the / a / language / that / quicker / same / is / has?

4.to / the / on / choice / of / right / the / what / language / learn / does / depend?

5.beauty / what / the / the / of / language / is?

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14. Do you agree with the following statements? Why?

1)Having mastered one foreign language, second and subsequent ones can be learned with much less pain and effort.

2)Esperanto (an artificial language invented in 1887 by L. L. Zamenhof, a Polish physician and philologist, and intended for international use which is based on word roots common to the major European languages.) should be taught in more places.

3)Any language is divided up into so many different components - one cannot be equally good in all of them. Having a boy/girl friend or spouse who speaks another language does not automatically mean that you will learn it quicker.

- Teaching Of English as a Foreign Language;

- Test Of English as a Foreign Language?

16. Read the text about TOEFL and find the paragraphs about:

in colleges and universities. Accepted by 6,000 institutions in more than 130 countries, including almost every university in the USA, UK, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, that rely on TOEFL scores for admissions, scholarship and graduation decisions. It is the most widely accepted English-language test in the world.

The entire test is taken in one day, which saves you travel time and costs. And, there are more than 4,000 test centers to choose from.

You can retake the test in just 7 days, if you want to improve your scores.

In the classroom and on campus, you will be able to communicate your ideas effectively, listen to lectures, read textbooks and online research, write academic papers and e-mails, and speak with other students and professors.

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All test takers have a similar test-taking experience, which eliminates the inconsistency of interviews that could negatively impact your scores.

Scores are objective and unbiased. Tests are scored anonymously by ETS-certified experts.

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18. What things listed above do you think should be brought on test day? Read the following information and compare it with your

1.A valid ID with your name, signatureДandИphotograph. The name on the document(s) must be the sameАname you used when you registered. ID will be checked before you are admitted.

2.Your admission ticketбwith your registration number and the codes for the institutions you select as score recipients.

3.Your signed photoи-file record, with a recent, recognizable photo.

4.3 or 4 sharpened No. 2 or HB pencils and an eraser. Mechanical pencils are not permitted.С

Please arrive at least 30 minutes early. If you are late, you may not get in and could lose your test fee.NOT BE accepted on test day:These documents will

•Any expired ID

•Birth certificate

•International driver's license

•Draft classification card

•International student ID

•Credit/debit card of any kind

•Notary-prepared letter or document

•Social Security card

•Employee ID card

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•Learner's permit or any temporary ID (e.g., driver's license)

•Photocopy of ID

19. Before you start reading explain the words in italics and then match them with the synonyms from the box. Then read the text and try to retell all the main points to your partner. You may use the

•You will receive instructions on where to put personal items.

•If you bring them into the testing room, they will be collected by test center staff.

•If you do not follow directions, you cannot take the test.

Any violation of this procedure may result in cancellation of your scores, dismissal by the test center staff, or banning from future testing. Test centers and ETS assume no responsibility for personal items or devices that you bring into the center.

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Seating

The test administrator will assign you a seat.

Timing

•The TOEFL PBT (paper-based test) takes about 3½ hours.

•Each section has a time limit. If you finish a section early, you cannot go to another section.

20. There are two types of TOEFL: the computer-based and paperbased tests. Read the text to find out:

-What is the most popular test format?

-What is checked during the test?

-What types of questions are there in the test?

-What is the total score?

-What rating does an essay receive?

1998-1999. There are over 300 centres around the world offering the test on computer.

listening, structure, reading,ибwriting.

•The listening and structure sections use mostly multiple-choice questions. Full instructions are given on how to answer the questions.

•The reading section has comprehension questions on reading passag-

es.

In the writing section you have 30 minutes to write a composition.С

The paper-based test

•This test lasts less than 3 hours.

•There are three sections and each section has a minimum of 140 questions.

•The three sections are: listening comprehension, structure and written expression, reading comprehension.

All the questions are multiple-choice.

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Scoring

•If you take the computer-based test you will be able to see your scores for listening and reading immediately. Your exact scores for the other sections will not be available immediately as your writing will need to be marked.

•For the computer-based test you will receive four scaled scores: Listening (0-30), Structure/Writing (0-30), Reading (0-30), and a total score (0-300). The essay will receive a rating between 1 and 6.

If you take the paper-based test you will receive a score with a maximum of 677.

http://www.toefl.org

21. Work in 4 groups. Read the following advice for improving your reading/listening/speaking/writing skills and tell the rest of the group what you should do.

Group 1. Reading skills

1. Read as much and as often as possible in English.

questions and answers aboutбthe first paragraph. Then guess what might be discussed in the next paragraph.)

- Read texts on a variety of topics. (Read both academic and non-academic

- Use your knowledge of grammar to try to comprehend difficult sections of a passage. (Think carefully about the relationship between independent and dependent clauses. Look at pronouns and find the nouns that they refer to. Look at relative pronouns (who, that, which, whom, whose) used in adjective clauses (for example, The student whose classmates are taking the TOEFL test....) and find the nouns they refer to.)

2. Continually expand your vocabulary knowledge.

-It is important to increase your vocabulary on many subjects because you will have to read about various topics at the university. (Review glossaries/lists of terms used in academic texts.)

-Develop a system for studying new words. (Write each word on a card and mix up the cards each time you study them. Write the context (the sentence the word was used in) to help you learn correct word usage.

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Group the words according to topic or meaning and study the words as a list of related words. Study vocabulary by making a list of opposites (words with different meanings) and synonyms (words with similar meanings).

-Expand your vocabulary by analyzing the parts of a word. This will help you understand some unknown words that you see.

-Use the context to guess the meaning of unknown words.

-Use resources to help you study vocabulary. (Use an English-English dictionary to learn correct meaning and word usage.)

-Practice correct usage by making sentences with new words.

3. Study the organization of academic texts and overall structure of a reading passage.

- Read an entire passage from beginning to end. (Look for the main ideas

-Outline a text to test your understandingАДofИthe structure of a reading passage. (Begin by groupingбparagraphs that address the same concept. Pay attention to how the key ideas in one paragraph relate to the main points of the next paragraph. Writeиone sentence summarizing the paragraphs that discuss the same idea. Look at connections between sentences. Look at how the end ofСone sentence relates to the beginning of the next sentence. Think about the connection between the ideas of the two sentences. Combine the sentences using appropriate transitions words to show the relationship between ideas.)

-Write a summary of the entire passage.Group 2. Listening skills

1. Practice listening to something in English every day and gradually increase the amount of time that you listen.

-Listen to different kinds of materials. (Listen actively. Try to answer the “wh” questions. Listen passively to get the general idea of what’s being said.)

-Keep a listening log (a list of everything you listen to each day/week). (Write a one-sentence summary to remember the main idea of what you heard. Write down new expressions, idioms, and vocabulary that you hear.)

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-Use dictations and other exercises to help your listening ability. (Ask an English speaker to dictate an article to you. Good sources of material are newspapers, magazines, and textbooks. First, write down exactly what you hear. Then only take notes on the important points that you hear. Do information gap exercises, using unfamiliar content and complex structures.)

2. Use the resources in your community to practice listening to English.

-Visit places in your community where you can practice listening to English.

-Watch or listen to programs recorded in English. (Watch television programs. Rent videos (turn off the captions!) or go to a movie in English. Listen to a book on tape in English. Listen to music in English and then

check your accuracy by finding the lyrics on the Internet (e.g., www.lyrics.com). Listen to English language Иrecordings that come with a transcript. Listen to each recording at least three times. The first time, take notes about the main ideas you hear. TheДsecond time, read the transcript and listen for the ideas you wrote down. The third time, write down any words and phrases that you didn't understand and look them up.)

-Go to Internet sites to practiceАlistening. (National Public Radio (www.npr.org); CBS News (www.cbsnews.com); Randall’s Cyber Listening Lab (www.esl-lab.com);бBBC World Service.com Learning English (www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish ).)

-Practice speaking Englishиwith others.talk, connectionsСbetween ideas, and the importance of ideas. (Pay

attention to the connections between examples. Pay attention to intonation and other ways that speakers indicate that information is important. Listen for pauses between important points.)

Group 3. Speaking skills

1. Look for opportunities to speak to native speakers of English. Interaction with others will improve your speaking ability. (Ask a native speaker to provide feedback on your pronunciation problems (if any). Join an Internet voice chat.)

2. Listen to the radio, and watch TV and movies. Pay attention to idiomatic usage of the language and different accents or speech patterns that are used.

68

-Write down new expressions you hear. Use the expressions in your everyday English conversations.

-Choose a character from a film or TV show. Repeat the character's words, following the intonation patterns, as he or she speaks. Include the gestures or other body language of the character you are imitating.

3. Practice speaking for a limited time on different topics without a lot of preparation. Time your responses to questions.

-Make a list of questions on topics that interest you (for example, hypothetical situations or academic topics). Answer each of the questions aloud. Try to speak for at least one minute.

4. Use books that come with audio recordings to study pronunciation, stress, and intonation in English.

5. Record yourself and then listen and transcribe what you said.

-Read a short article from a newspaper orИtextbook. Record yourself summarizing the article.

-Transcribe the recording and review theДtranscription. Think about other ways to say the same thing.

-Ask a teacher or English-speaking friend to review the transcription and mark any errors. А

-Pay attention to your vocabulary and grammar mistakes.

-Correct the errors and checkбyour pronunciation.

-Write down any changes to vocabulary and grammar you think will improve the recording.и

Group 4. Writing skills

1. Practice listeningСto lectures and conversations in English.

-Record news and informational programs in English from the television or radio, or download talks or lectures from the Internet.

-Listen to these programs and take notes on the important points. Summarize the programs in English.

-Listen to them again to check your notes and summaries for accuracy.

2. Practice analyzing reading passages in English.

-Read two articles or chapters on the same topic or issue.

-Write a summary of each, and then explain the ways they are similar and the ways they are different.

-Practice combining listening and reading by searching for readings related to talks and lectures you or a friend or a teacher can find.

-Develop your vocabulary, grammar, reading, listening, and writing skills through extensive reading and listening in a variety of increasingly challenging academic areas.

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-Write summaries and comparisons of what you have read.

-Get feedback from a teacher or friend on your comprehension, language, and writing. http://www.ets.org/portal/site/ets/menuitem.1488512ecfd5b8849a77b13bc

3921509/?vgnextoid=f9a8af5e44df4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRD

&vgnextchannel=c0b3197a484f4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRD

22.Project task. Work in 4 groups. Prepare exercises (about 5 – 7) for training in reading/listening/speaking/writing skills according to the information you have read. Exchange your worksheets and do all the assignments. What tasks seem to be more helpful? Why?

23.Do you like or hate to take exams? Are you always nervous? What do you do to pass your exam well? What tipsИcan you share? Brainstorm ideas! Д

24. Look through the tips below and add some ideas to your list. A month before the examination

Your final review should start a month before the examination. Make a planned programme for your revision work.

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Start by thinking about what you can do well and what you do badly. You can gain more marks by improving on your weaknesses than by polishing things which you can already do well.

Make sure you understand the exact requirements of the examination and your own strengths and weaknesses. Make a focused revision programme which concentrates on the things which can gain the most marks.

Don't overwork! Always build some relaxation (not too much!) into your revision programme.

If you like working with friends, don't let your revi-

We learn and remember information as pictures, sounds and movements. Think about linking the things you have learnt to pictures, diagrams, music, sounds, movements or sensations. You will find they are easier to re-

You can memorise vocabulary by making pictures in your mind or on paper and labellingСthe different things in the picture. Test yourself regularly. Vocabulary cards, with the word on one side and an example sentence, translation or picture on the reverse, are very useful for revising vocabulary when travelling (NOT if you are driving!). Practise making word families like happiness, happy, happily.

Understanding Grammar

Check through your grammar reference notes and tick off the things you really understand. Concentrate on the areas where your understanding is not so clear. Try to make examples from your own knowledge or experience to help you remember the forms.

Use past papers

Practice exams are very useful for your revision particularly if you time yourself strictly. Don't let practice exams make you depressed. They can be really useful in showing what you need to practise and learn.

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Use your teacher

Your teacher knows you very well. Ask your teacher for advice on your revision programme.

Build some 'rewards' into your revision programme!

Make a tough revision programme for yourself and work hard but build in some rewards for yourself after you have completed each stage of revision satisfactorily.

A week before the examination

Look back at your revision programme. Is it complete?

Aren't there some things you want to look at again? Use this week for some focused revision.

Review your revision notes every day. Try reviewing your

Remember that the examination asks you to do things in

notes without looking at them. Which parts are difficult to remember? Concentrate on learningИthose parts.

English. It is not a test ofДhow well you remember your

notes. Use your time to do some relaxing things in Eng-

see how much you have improved? Think positively about yourself andбyour achievements.

Thinkиabout what you are going to wear for the examination. You should be comfortable, but try to choose something special for this special day. This means that when Сyou put on those clothes, you will already be preparing yourself for the examination.

Get as much sleep as you can. Don't waste time worrying about the examination. You will not learn anything by worrying. Find some time to take exercise. You can try to remember phrasal verbs when you are jogging or plan a composition whilst you take a walk.

Travel to the place where you will take the examination. Check that you know the way and the time. Use the journey time to plan your examination strategy.

Remember to send 'good luck' messages to all your friends who are taking the same examination.

The night before the examination don't eat a heavy meal. Eat something light but nutritious. Avoid alcohol. Take some exercise and go to bed early.

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On the day of the examination

Dress in your 'examination clothes' and prepare yourself for this special day. Open and read the 'good luck' messages from your friends. Have a good breakfast but don't drink too much. You shouldn't feel hungry or uncomfortable in any way during the examination.

Check through the 'time plan' you have made for the examination. Know how much time you will give to each question. Check you have given yourself time for checking and correcting.

Check that you have all the pens and papers you need for the examination. For many examinations you may need some identification papers.

As you travel to the place of the examination, remind yourself of your examination strategy.

During the examination

Focus your mind on what you have to do. Don't be distracted by outside things or by other students.

Keep an eye on the clock but try not to hurry. Always give yourself time to

AfterбtheАexamination

Don't worry about theиmistakes you made and the things you got wrong. You will have a long wait for the results so go out and enjoy your freedom! The results are Сnot as good as you expected? Well, you can always take the examination again. You are now a better, more organised person and a better learner. It will be much easier next time.

The results are good? Congratulations! http://www.pearsonlongman.com/exams/extra/study-tips/study-tips2.html

25. Read the text7 in Ex. 24 again and find the words that mean:

-the process of going over a subject again in study or recitation in order to fix it in the memory or summarize the facts;

-a plan or schedule of activities, procedures, etc., to be followed;

-relief from bodily or mental work, effort, etc.;

-to bring all efforts, faculties, activities, etc., to bear on one thing or activity;

-examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition;

-to move or act with speed or haste.

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26. Is it true or false?

1.Make sure you understand the exact requirements of the examination and your own weaknesses and strengths.

2.Work as much as you can.

3.Vocabulary cards are useless for revising vocabulary.

4.Ask your groupmate for advice on your revision programme.

5.Review your revision notes five times a day.

6.You should wear special clothes for the day of examination.

7.Eat more meat the night before the examination.

8.During the examination try to do everything very quickly.

9.Don't worry about the mistakes you made.

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4.What is the difference between the three types of memory?

5.How does your working memory receive information?

6.Why do people forget?

7.What learning strategies are there?

Memory techniques

'All learning depends on memory – without it everything would be new and unknown every day.'

'You have more brain cells in your head than the number of trees in the Amazon rainforest. You have more connections between brain cells than the number of leaves on all the trees in the Amazon rainforest.'

which you only partially 'understand'б(like telephone numbers) but you require 'understanding' to receive and retain information for longer.

in capacity, it's the holding centre for about seven pieces of information. If

When the power is switched off, all short term memory disappears.

Medium term memory ('Chemical' memory)

Medium term memory can store more data (information and ideas) for longer periods. Data can only be received into medium term memory by regularly activating and using the data. Even if we activate the material regularly over a period of time, a long period of inactivity will cause the memory to disappear. We can all remember how to ride a bicycle, but do we remember the colour of our first bicycle? Medium term memory is like the hard disk on your computer.

Long term memory ('Structural' memory)

Long term memory is so deep that it actually changes the structure of our brain. In computer terms the memory is 'hard-wired'. Even if the power is switched off and the computer is left unused for many years the memory

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is retained within the structure (circuits) of the computer. In Italian, people talk about the 'incarnation' of memory – where the memory becomes part of our own flesh.

Receiving multi-sensory experience

Your working memory receives information through your senses. If you see it, say it, hear it and do it in a revision session, you will create a four-lane motorway into your medium term memory.

This is why you should try to learn in a multi-sensory way and use them all to make as many different 'mental' connections as you can. So sitting for hours just reading will take you four times as long to memorise the same information! See it, say it, hear it, do it!

- Tiredness, anxiety, emotions, mood and stress

- Interference new information being confused with existing information

- Poor learning strategy – not having cues or memory triggers to unlock and retrieve the facts А

- Disuse or insufficient rehearsal or practice using a review cycle - Lack of importance – youбdon't remember what you don't value

- Improper organisation – trying to cram too much information into your brain without sorting itиinto categories

- Dehydration – the brain needs water to conduct electrical pulses fast

Using learning strategies to remember

1.Rhymes: 'I before E except after C.' This easily remembered spelling rule avoids spelling mistakes in words like 'receive' and 'retrieve'. Get students to invent rhyming raps to memorise grammar rules.

2.Physical prompts: in Libya, I was taught to use my two fists to remember the days in the months. If the first high bone is January (31) it is followed by a dip, February (28/29). March (31) is the next bone followed by a dip, April (30). July (31) is the last bone on one hand and August (31) is the first bone on the other hand.

3.Memory workout: read, cover, write, say, check. (Repeat the workout circuit many times!)

4.Visualisation prompts: to remember a sequence of facts, think of a regu-

lar journey such as to school or to the shops. Connect each fact to a point on the journey. С

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5. Sound prompts: the same as above but connect each fact to a stage in a piece of music you know well.

http://www.pearsonlongman.com/exams/pdfs/Memory_techniques.pdf

29. Read some information about general principles to aid memory and choose the best ones. Why have you chosen them?

Create interest: find a purpose, 'This will be useful for ...' Understand it: it's impossible to learn what you don't understand.

Positive thinking and confidence: often we fail to learn because we are convinced we can't do it.

Intend to attend to it!: be determined to learn – avoid distractions. Organise information into sensible chunks and rehearse. Do not try to learn too much at one time – remember your short term memory can only hold seven items. Plan what you are going to learn.

Create associations: it's much easier to learn something new if you link it to something you already know.

Doodle, highlight,Сcartoon,иunderline: decorate your notes with colour and pictures to make them more memorable.

Involve your emotions: feel happy and reward yourself when your memory works well. Develop an emotional relationship with the information you are learning!

Use concrete materials: make a model or game to represent the information you need to remember.

You remember best the information you receive at the beginning or end of a work session: Try having a short change in the middle of a work session so you have two beginnings and two endings.

30. Give your partner a piece of advice about effective memorizing. Let him make some notes.

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31.Have you been to some other countries? Would you like to study abroad? Why? What are the main difficulties for foreign students?

32.Match the words with their definitions.

33. Scan the text in Ex. 34 and fill in the first 2 columns of the table:

34. Read the text once again. Why is it titled “Happy to be in Leeds”?

Happy to be in Leeds

It is already February and I have been in Leeds for more than four months! WOW! Being an exchange student, so far away from home and having to care for myself, is quite a stress sometimes but it is certainly one of the best experiences of my life.

Letizia is an exchange student at Leeds University. She is from Italy and she is studying Communication in Leeds. Her main interests are journalism and politics.

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I like how University is organised here in England. I think that seminars are really really useful to have the chance to tell your opinion and moreover to read and know more about the subject you are studying.

In Italy we usually have oral exams at the end of term, no essays. It has been really difficult to write an essay for the first time, and especially in a foreign language: English! But it will be really useful for the future, as I reckon that most of the academic papers are essays... and that English is the international language.

However, despite the high competence of the lecturers, the level of teaching is different in Italy. Maybe this is because we have a really strong basic general knowledge that we learn in high school. Therefore in University we tend to have more specific courses and a higher level of teaching in

On the other hand, University of Leeds has better lecture theatre, scientific laboratories and computer clusters. The resources that every student

can use inside the university, for research,Дstudy, leisure are amazing! Stu-

dents should be aware of the great infrastructure that they have and that they can actually use.

I am really happy to be in LeedsАas a student for an entire year. How sad it will be to go backиhome in June… and leave all the friends that I

Finally, the best part of studying at University of Leeds is the Student Union. All the societies, the newspaper, the radio and the sport clubs are a

PS. Obviously there areбalso the difficulties of everyday life… but I will leave those bits for the next time! :-)

great opportunity to make friends and enjoy life better!

made and this great city! С

http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/content/articles/2005/02/17/student_diary _letizia_200502_feature.shtml

35. Read the text about Letizia study abroad once again. There are 10 words hidden in the grid. Can you find and circle them? Then use any 5 of your circled words in 5 sentences you compose.

36. Which adjectives go with each of these nouns? Use the phrases you

37.In pairs discuss advantages and disadvantagesИof studying abroad. Fill in the third column in ex. 33. Д

38.Look at the title and say what the reading passage will be about. Then read the text and draw upАits plan. knowledgeб

you about building friendships,иtaking responsibility for yourself, respecting differences Сand tolerating the beliefs of others.

Exchange students develop leadership skills, self-confidence and a greater understanding of the complexities of the world around them. This is why the best universities, as well as corporations and professionals, look favourably on students who have spent a school year abroad. They know that former international exchange students bring a higher level of maturity and a global frame of reference to their university studies and activities.

If you become an exchange student abroad, you will experience life in another culture, and make close friends in your host country. Sit in the small cafés, play sports, shop in the same outdoor markets; these are things tourists miss, and this is where you really discover the way of life in another country, with all its subtleties.

While you live the typical daily life of another culture, you are learning every minute of every day. You might live in a French city meant for walking, with cobblestone streets so narrow you can touch the walls of

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buildings with outstretched arms on both sides. Or you may live in a Spanish village where the remains of an entire castle lie. Perhaps you’ll find yourself in Sweden living in a walled city dating back to medieval days, or that your homestay town in Germany includes a “living castle,” an actual private residence still being used today. These are the sorts of discoveries you will make as you learn firsthand about what you have only studied in the classroom until now.

You’ll also find that the school systems are among the best in the world, and that the teenagers are much the same as they are at home. They work hard at their studies, play sports, love parties and cinema, and pursue hobbies just like you. A few will become your friends for life.

The best way to truly become involved in the culture of a foreign

sider it a privilege to welcome students like you into their home. Host fam-

country is to live among its people as a member of a family. Every exchange student does just that. Host families areИcarefully screened and con-

ilies feel they benefit from the experienceДas much as you do! They want to

learn about your culture and introduce you to theirs. Many families have children your age, and you may find that a family member speaks English, even if it’s only a little.

While someone in your host family may speak your language, you’ll

you’ll express yourself; howбyou’ll communicate with store clerks, teach-

quickly realize that it’s not of much concern. In fact, you’ll probably find

ers, classmates and your host family. Even if you’ve studied a foreign language in school, you won’t feel ready to live in that language. But when you’re surrounded by that language from morning till night, you learn the fastest way possible. It’s like a month of classes in a single day!

http://www.volunteermatch.org/search/org82983.jsp

39. Is it true or false?

1.Universities, corporations and professionals, look unfavourably on students who have spent a school year abroad.

2.If you become an exchange student abroad, you will learn, learn and learn.

3.Tourists have much more opportunities than exchange students.

4.Teenagers all over the world are the same.

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5.Host families want to learn about your culture and introduce you to theirs.

6.The fastest way to learn a foreign language is to live abroad.

40.Be ready to tell about advantages of being an exchange student. You may use the plan from ex. 38 for your answer. All the other students have to prepare at least one question concerning this problem. Try to answer them.

41.Scan the text. Who is an au-pair? What is she responsible for? Would you like you/your sibling to be an exchange student, au-pair or just a tourist in Britain? Why?

The au-pair in Britain

knowledge is to come to Britain for a year as an au-pair girl. It certainly

girls entering English homes as au-pair girls.

One of the ways open to a girl studentИto improve her linguistic

seems to be a very popular method, forДevery year sees more and more

Fifty five years ago it was generally understood in Britain that the term “au pair” was only used to describe a girl who came here to perfect her linguistic or professional knowledge; lived as a member of an English family; and the family provided her with “pocket money”. She was not

more than would normally beбexpected of a teenage daughter of an average middle-class – particularly professional-class – English family.

Au-pair girls come mainly from Europe, although increasing numbers are arriving from Asia and South America.

42. Read the following article about GermanRussian relations and write out the events happened in the years pointed out:

1992

2003

October 2005

April 2005

2004/2005

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The cultural cooperation agreement between the governments of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation, which was signed on 16 December 1992, forms a contractual basis for cultural relations between the two countries.

With their extensive two-year programme, the 2003/2004 GermanRussian cultural exchanges under the patronage of the two countries’ presidents made an important and innovative contribution to deepening the relations between German and Russian society and has resulted in many ongoing contacts.

In foreign language teaching, German, though losing ground, occupies second place behind English. An intergovernmental agreement on learning the partner country’s language was concluded in 2003. There are currently some 12,000 young Russians studying at German universities. The agreement on cooperation in youth policy, which entered into force in October 2005 and is implemented through national coordination offices in

Research and Innovation aimed atАstepping up bilateral cooperation in the education sector, particularly in training specialist and executive personnel.

The Goethe Institute is activeбin many parts of Russia, above all in Moscow and St. Petersburg, where it has its own offices. Numerous other Ger-

applied sciences (Fachhochschulen) is convincing more and more “highpotentials” from all over the world. Almost 250,000 foreign students are currently registered at German universities – nearly 100,000 students more than 10 years ago. In the 2004/2005 academic year alone, the number of US citizens studying in Germany rose by 10%. A German university place is especially popular with students from China, Bulgaria, Poland and Russia.

www.magazine-deutschland.de

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43. Read the text again to find out:

1. What is the main idea of the article?

2. How many Russian students are currently enrolled at German Universities?

3. What are the signed declarations aimed at?

4. Is there the Goethe Institute in your city? Have you or your friends been there?

5. Do you have friends studying in Germany?

44. Work in two teams. One team will represent a German university, the other one will stand for a Russian university. Try to attract foreign

bachelor’s and master’s degrees by 3) … . Almost half of all the study programmes at German institutions of higher education have already been restructured. As a result, students’ 4) … can be more easily compared with those from other countries. The universities themselves are also taking up the 5) … challenge. The Federal Government and the individual Länder are making available 1.9 billion euros for the current Initiative for Excellence. This money will be used to support 6) … for young researchers, excellence clusters for 7) … research and the research profiles of up to ten selected elite universities.

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46. What do you know about DAAD?

Look at the chart below and say what DAAD programmes are aimed at.

DAAD

(The German Academic Exchange Service)

The great number and variety of DAAD programmes can be arranged into five strategic goals:

Which programme would you choose? Why?

47. Look at the map below (pic.24) and say what countries and cities have regional offices and information centres of DAAD? What cities have you been to?

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forms importantСcultural, science, education and research policy functions. The DAAD also has an extensive presence abroad. Its Regional Offices around the world maintain contacts with partners and create efficient communications channels, perform programme management responsibilities and provide support at local level: Beijing, Cairo, Hanoi, Jakarta, London, Mexico City, Moscow, Nairobi, New Delhi, New York, Paris, Rio de

Janeiro, Tokyo, and Warsaw.

A number of activities serve the goal of making the legislative frameworks governing study and research stays in Germany more hospitable. The desired improvements range from comprehensive information and changes to the legislation on foreigners (status and work permits) through

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to admissions procedures at German higher education institutions and the guidance and supervision programmes.

The removal of language barriers deserves particular attention. This goal is served by the worldwide use of a centrally-set and corrected German as a foreign language test called “TestDaF”, which students can currently take at 300 test centres in 80 countries; moreover, Germany’s universities are increasingly choosing TestDaF as an alternative to the standard DSH German language proficiency test known as "Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang ausländischer Studienbewerber" which they generally used before.

There are some programmes for graduates who speak English very well and got a diploma after 2002. They have an opportunity to study in Germany from 10 months till 2 years and get a German higher education certificate. To be admitted to a degree programme, you have to send an application either to the university of your choice or to uniassist and enclose some documents. But please note that other or addi-

последипломного обучения, которая должна включать: -точное наименование учебного курса; -условия допуска к обучению по данной программе;

-предполагаемый учебный план и предполагаемую продолжительность обучения; -плату за обучение.

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В случае получения соискателем стипендии, до начала обучения (01.10.2009) необходимо представить в DAAD подтверждение немецкого вуза о зачислении (Zulassungsbescheid). В противном случае стипендия отзывается!

6. Рекомендации от двух преподавателей российского вуза по специальности (бланк в Интернете: http://www.daad.ru/recommendation.doc).

7. Копии свидетельств об образовании и их перевод на немецкий или английский язык (переводы могут быть заверены по месту нынешней учебы или работы; для отборов достаточно и самостоятельно сделанного перевода без заверения):

а) копия диплома о высшем образовании вместе с Приложением к диплому с результатами промежуточных и итоговых экзаменов (если его еще нет, то копию зачетной книжки за весь период обучения; копия диплома предоставляется в этом случае не позднее момента начала стипендии); б) копия аттестата о среднем (полном) образовании с табелем итого-

51. Match each of the following lines of words with one of the words

________________ available, summer, low-level

________________ basic, management, communication

________________ work, flexible, train

________________ earned, big, pocket

________________ work, previous, practical

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52. Read the following information about jobs available for students. Think of a job, describe it and let the rest of the group guess it.

Work and travel program

Through the Work & Travel USA Program you can work in just about any job available in the US for up to four months during your summer vacation. The Work & Travel USA Program benefits you by allowing you to immerse yourself in U.S. culture, earn money and act as a student ambassador for your home country. Not to mention that work experience abroad looks great on your CV!

Types of Jobs

Resort Work

Resorts provide many summer jobs and some winter jobs, and depend heavily upon students seeking seasonal work. The most common jobs in resorts are waiter or waitress, dishwasher, chambermaid or other hotel work. Though your duties may not be very exciting, you are being paid to work in what is often a beautiful and peaceful work environment where

Hotel work is similar to resort work, andДthe jobs are often low-level. Most are for chambermaids, but there are also positions as bellboys and valets, at

Restaurant work is easy to find. It might be tiring to do, but you come into contact with different types of people, and can make good money through tips. Expensive restaurants have greater competition for jobs, which usually offer better salaries and larger tips. In coffee shops and diners, counterpersons or waitstaff are needed. Large restaurants need bussers to clear the tables, and kitchen and dishwashing staff. Most restaurant jobs are found by walking in and speaking to the restaurant manager.

Department Stores

The American department store offers a variety of employment opportunities. The most common job is sales assistant, helping customers or working the cash registers. Large department stores are open six or seven days a week, and many are open in the evenings. This will enable you to arrange a fairly flexible working schedule. Many stores hire extra workers during the busy Christmas shopping season, which begins around Thanksgiving (late

89

November). Supermarkets have high staff demands for workers. Most openings are for cashiers, baggers, stock clerk, and sales assistant. The best way to find these jobs is to walk in with your Resumé and ask to see the manager.

Temporary Office Work

Many offices take on help for a short period of time. If you have special office skills such as typing or computer skills, your changes of being hired are good. (Keep in mind that the keyboard used in the U.S. may differ from those of other countries).

Commission Sales

These are jobs with income based partly or entirely on the amount of goods you sell. Be very careful about these jobs, because you are not guaranteed

income. If you are extremely outgoing, have sales experience, and are willing to work long hours, you may be successful Иand earn good money.

America has many theme parks, such Дas Disney World, Six Flags, and

Busch Gardens, which all hire a lot of students each summer. The work opportunities vary from operating the amusement park rides to selling popcorn and candy, to working in various souvenir shops.

Security Guard

Business establishments, construction sites, apartment houses, and many

http://www.ciee.org/wat/working/types.html

53. There are some jobs that are forbidden for students. Look through the list given below and say why they are forbidden.

• Au pair / nanny / babysitting / domestic labor.

• Camp counselor / teacher / coach.

• Medical / veterinary / pharmaceutical services or any job that requires direct patient contact or dispensing of medication.

• Adult Entertainment Industry Jobs.

• Crew member on ships or aeroplanes, or as pilots.

• Sales jobs involving purchasing sales merchandise to resell (e.g. door-to- door sales).

• Employment through staffing agencies.

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54. When do Russian students have an opportunity to go to the USA to work? How long?

RULES & REGULATIONS

Work & Travel USA allows eligible students to work in the USA for a maximum of 4 months and to travel at the end of their working period for up to a maximum of 25 days. All Work & Travel USA participants must note that they can only work and travel within the program dates. There are three seasons (Winter (November 15thApril 15th Southern Hemisphere students only), Spring (Dates vary. Primarily students from Asian countries.) and Summer (June 1st-October 19th European Students and all other students.)) when students are admitted into the program.

The DS2019 Form

You may never have heard of this important bit of documentation before, but once you become a Work &Travel Student, those numbers and letters will become very familiar to you. The DS2019 is the document that permits you to work legally in the U.S. Work & Travel USA participants may only work between the dates shown in box 3 on the DS-2019. Working

Eligibility to Participate on the Work & Travel USA Program

CIEE has been designated by the U.S. State Department to administer Work & Travel USA Program. As a program sponsor, CIEE helps to obtain all necessary work documents, provides supervision and emergency backup service throughout the program.

According to US State Department guidelines, "the selection will be limited to bona fide university students screened for maturity and ability to get maximum benefit from Summer Travel/Work Programs." To be eligible for the Work & Travel USA program, you must:

-According to CIEE rules, be between 18 and 30 years old.

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- Be registered as a full-time student at an accredited university or other state-recognized institution of post-secondary education. The degree/diploma course on which you are registered must be at least 2 years in duration. Students on post-graduate courses which are less than two years can also be accepted (e.g. masters courses). "Gap year" students or high school graduates are not eligible.

- Be able to function in an English-speaking work environment. Before participating on the Work & Travel USA Program, you will be screened for an intermediate/advanced level of English ability. This can be verified by having a Certified English Teacher fill out the English Ability and Reference section of the application form and/or by submitting scores from an accredited English test: TOEFL, TOEIC, Cambridge English Ex-

am (First, Advanced, Proficiency).

arranged job is not required and the aДparticipantИdoes not have a job, US$950 must be available in personal funds upon arrival in the USA.

- Undergo an interview, conducted by a CIEE staff member or a partner organization agent either in person or by telephone.

- Have a pre-arranged job and a minimum of $475 (US dollars)

available in order to support yourself upon arrival in the USA. When a pre-

57. Project task.СVisitиthe CIEE website and print out the samples of the documents necessary for entering the USA (the list is given below). Tell other students about the documents you have found emphasising the main features.

Entering the U.S. - Important Documents

When you enter the U.S. with the Work & Travel USA Program, you are under the status of a "J-1 Exchange Visitor." This gives you the right to work legally in the U.S. under the terms of the program. When coming through immigration at the airport, you will need to show the following documents to the Immigration Officer:

•DS-2019 form (issued by CIEE as your legal sponsor)

•Passport with J-1 Visa (except for Canadian students)

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•I-94 card (This is the white card which you will receive on the airplane; this is a U.S. Government entry document). Do not use the green visa waiver card! Save this card; it is vital when applying for Social Security!

•Employment Offer Agreement Form (EOAF)

•Form 1-797, SEVIS Receipt Fee

Before leaving for the US, be sure to print out these documents:

•Dear Employer Letter (Give this to your employer in the US when you arrive. This letter explains that you are a participant on the Work & Travel USA program through CIEE, and will assist your employer in setting up your paycheck properly.)

•Social Security Application (Be sure to take this completed application to the Social Security office.)

•Dear Social Security Officer (CIEE providesИyou with this letter to help you through the Social Security process. Please take this with you when you apply for your card, and present to theДSocial Security Officer.)

•Legal Opinion Letter (After you have applied for your Social Security

Card, it is legal for you to receive paychecks even if you are still waiting for your card. This letter explainsАthis fact, and is written by an attorney in case your employer has any questions.)

-When you arriveСinиthe U.S., present your DS-2019 form and your J-1 visa in your passport to an officer of the Immigration Officer.

-The Immigration Officer will take a copy of your DS-2019 form and return one to you. Keep your copy of the DS-2019 form safely with your passport at all times. If your DS-2019 is lost or stolen, contact CIEE immediately.

-The Immigration Officer will also stamp your I-94 card. One part of the I-94 will be stapled to your passport and the other copy will be kept by Immigration as a record of your arrival. When you depart the U.S., your I-

94 card will be taken and sent to the USCIS (Unites States Citizenship and Immigration Services). This is a record that you departed the country by58. Along with customs inspectionбpeople entering some other country

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the end of your authorized stay. This card must be with your passport at all times and is almost impossible to replace if lost, so please keep it safe.

And now complete and reproduce the dialogue:

Immigration Officer: Will you show me your passport, please. Passenger: ______________________________

Immigration Officer: What is the purpose of your visit? Passenger: ______________________________

Immigration Officer: ______________________________

Passenger: ______________________________

59. Registration is another important step. SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System) has been set up by the government in an effort to keep track of all J-1 participants. Therefore, it is VERY IMPORTANT that you register with SEVIS within 20 days of your arrival. At your orientation session, you will be given precise details about SEVIS. Read the information and answer the following

1.GO TO www.mysevis.com.

2.Call 1-888-COUNCIL (1 888 268 6245), and a Customer Service Representative will assist you.

3.Use the ORANGE POSTCARD you received at orientation. There is no need to provide postage; just fill it out and put it in the mail!

IMPORTANT: PLEASE DO NO REGISTER FOR SEVIS UNTIL YOU ARE IN THE U.S.

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IF YOU DO NOT REGISTER FOR SEVIS, YOU ARE IN DANGER OF LOSING YOUR CIEE SPONSORSHIP AND PROGRAM TERMINATION! PLEASE DO NOT FORGET THIS IMPORTANT REQUIREMENT!!!

If you change your address, you will need to update SEVIS with this information. To do this, please call 1-888-COUNCIL or visit the SEVIS web site.

YOU HAVE 10 DAYS FROM THE TIME YOU MOVE TO CHANGE THIS INFORMATION!

http://www.ciee.org/wat/regulations/sevis.html

60. You may be surprised at some of the characteristicsИ you find in

the U.S. workplace. Supervisors may share personal information that

you would normally share only with Дclose friends and may allow you

to call them by their first name. Socializing on the job is common, and your boss will often join in. Despite this friendliness, you are always expected to do your job and act appropriately. To succeed in your job, you will be expected to:

and don't be afraid to ask forбtheir help when you need it. Your employer

may even ask you to perform tasks outside of your job description. This is normal, and will benefit your level of experience!

The ultimate goal in the U.S. workplace is completing the job. Members of a workgroup, including your boss will be very flexible about the work each team member does to achieve that goal.

Be On TimePunctuality!

Being "on time" is essential, and showing up earlier than expected makes a good impression on your employer. Showing up late is unacceptable – if you are late repeatedly, you will be seen as a person who doesn't take their job seriously. You will find that during business hours, conversations are usually short and to the point. You will have plenty of time to get to know your colleagues during breaks.

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Dress Appropriately

Look at how others dress to see what is appropriate clothing. You should attempt to match the look of the workplace. If in doubt, dress conservatively! You should also dress conservatively for job interviews; even if the workplace dress is casual, you should dress somewhat formally for the interview. During the interview you can ask about the style of dress required for your particular job.

Do as the Others Do

U.S. Citizens shake hands often, and do not kiss cheeks as often as other nationalities. Shake hands firmly. Try not to be too quiet, as people in the U.S. often enjoy seeing emotional reactions, and a reserved attitude may suggest that you are unfriendly.

If you have agreed to work a certain amount of time for your employer, you should keep your promise. Employers, especially those involved with

summer or winter tourism, rely on theirДstaff to work until the agreed date.

If you do end up leaving your job before the agreed date, you should give two weeks written notice before leaving.

Be Enthusiastic and Flexible А

Have a positive attitude towards the job you accept. Participants who arrive to work with "wrong" expectationsбirritate employers. Employers are looking for workers who are enthusiastic and willing to learn. Flexibility, enthusiasm, and teamworkиare very important in the U.S. workplace. Without these, you risk losing your job.

Сhttp://www.ciee.org/wat/working/characteristics.html

61. Complete the following statements:

1. The ultimate goal in the U.S. workplace is……………… 2. If you don’t know what to put on, dress …………………

3. It is not acceptable to be …………………

4. People may think you are unfriendly if you ……………………

5. Talk with your colleagues during …………………

6. You should keep your ……………………

7. ……………………. Are very important in the U.S. workplace.

62. Design a poster showing main rules of successful work in the USA.

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63. What do you know about life in the USA? Share your ideas with the group.

Life

in the USA

As a general rule, tip approximatelyА15%Д- 20% for restaurants, taxi cabs, and other services. If you бreceive assistance at the airport of hotel with your luggage, tip $1-2 USD per bag.

64. Read the following text and add some ideas to your mind map.

Typical businessиhours for offices in the U.S. are from 8:00 or 9:00 am to 5:00 or 6:00 pm, with one hour taken for lunch. A lunch hour is usually taken between 12:00 and 2:00pm, but may vary. Shops and stores will often be open for longer hours and do not close over the lunch hour.

Illegal possessionСof controlled substances (drugs) in the USA is subject to prosecution by law. The penalties for drug possession vary from state to state and region to region. Any type of illegal drug use is seriously frowned upon, as the U.S. is attempting to control the trafficking of illegal substances. You are subject to fines and possible time in jail for any drug possession or association with people who have drugs themselves.

Important Laws

Drugs

Alcohol

You must be 21 years old to drink alcohol legally in the United States. If you are under 21, and are found with alcohol, you may be arrested and subjected to fines. In addition, if you purchase alcohol for persons under 21, you can be arrested and subjected to fines.

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Many bars will only accept a driver's license or identification card from the Department of Motor Vehicles which states your age. This identification card does not authorize you to drive. Contact the Department of Motor Vehicles for information on the procedure for obtaining an identification card. Drinking alcohol in public (e.g., outside a restaurant, bar, or your residence) is prohibited in many places, especially in beach resort towns. You will be subject to fines if you are found guilty.

Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) or Driving Under the Influence (DUI)

A national campaign to raise awareness of "drunk driving" and decrease alcohol-related traffic accidents has swept the U.S. Because of this, the enforcement of DWI/DUI laws has become very tough. Fines can be up

to $5,000. To keep yourself and others safe, don't drink and drive. Americans generally appoint a "designated driver" whenИgoing out with a group

of friends. This person agrees to refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages

and drives the rest of the group to and fromДtheir destination.

Local Law Enforcement

Unlike most countries, laws in the U.S. vary from state to state and

only a few thousand, but duringбАthe summer months, the population may grow to more than 100,000.иIn an effort to maintain order, the local police often strictly enforce minor laws. Local laws govern alcohol consumption, noise levels, andСgroup gatherings are strict. Your best source of infor-

even city to city. It is important to become familiar with and obey the local

laws in the town or city where you are living, to avoid any potential legal

difficulties. For example, the permanent population of resort towns may be

mation will be local residents and U.S. students who are living and working in the town or city.

Smoking

Americans are likely to be much less tolerant of smoking than people in your country. As part of an intense anti-smoking campaign in the United States, tough measures have been taken to provide a smoke-free environment. It is illegal to smoke in many public places, so look around you before you light up: "no smoking" signs are usually posted in a clear, visible location. Smoking is banned on all domestic and international air flights; it is restricted in many office buildings and restaurants, and usually prohibited on public transportation. If you are in someone else's house and no one else around you is smoking, ask whether they mind if you smoke.

Crime

The United States has a rather notorious reputation overseas for be-

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ing a violent country. Many people are often shocked at the proliferation of guns and gun-related crime. While it is true that crime rates are higher here than in Europe, few participants will encounter any such problems. Nonetheless, it is important to be aware of some of the potential dangers during your stay here. A little caution and common sense goes a long way in preventing problems.

http://www.ciee.org/wat/legal/laws.html

65. Give your advice how to avoid getting into trouble being abroad.

shoplifting or theft;

not budgeting extra money for housing deposits/initial living expenses,

- false identification.

solve it in a strictly professional manner. You are a new employee and may encounter problems that other co-workers have already experienced. Speak to them about these conflicts; perhaps they can help you resolve them quickly and harmlessly. In any job, you may meet people you do not like, or feel you cannot work with. You may find that speaking to the person directly will help take care of the problem.

Remember that sexual harassment and racial discrimination are very serious matters in the U.S. If you feel that you have been the victim of either sexual harassment or racial discrimination in your workplace, please contact the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC) at 1-800-669-4000 or CIEE (1-888-268-6245) for advice.

You could be laid off (lose your job because business is slow) for any number of reasons, which may not reflect on your performance in that

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job. Layoffs are often the result of financial issues within the company. You are usually given some kind of notice before this occurs.

If you are fired, it is because the company is unhappy with you. You will rarely be fired because of lack of job skills. Most often, people are fired for being consistently uncooperative, or for disciplinary reasons. If you are doing something wrong, you will usually be told so before the situation becomes serious. Contact CIEE about problem situations.

If you are laid off or fired, you MUST contact CIEE as soon as possible at 1-888-268-6245!

69. Student A is an employer, Student B is an employee. Discuss the salaries and additional payment (pic. 25) using the following text.

Getting Paid

Your Salary and Paycheck

You will most likely be paid weekly or sometimes twice per month. Check with your employer. You will always receive less than your "gross" or total salary, as there will be deductions taken out of each check. Your employer should give you a salary statement or pay stub or pay slip, which will explain exactly what was taken out. Depending on your agreement with your employer, you might also have uniform, housing, union membership dues, and other work-related items deducted from your salary.

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There will also be taxes dedecuted from your paycheck. After you receive your first paycheck, be sure to review it to ensure your employer hasn't made any mistakes.

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Self-Assessment

Module 2

1.Look through Module 2 to find the answers to the questions 1 – 20.

1.What language is an international one nowadays? Why?

2.List the tips to make your language learning easier.

3.What skills are tested while you are taking the TOEFL?

4.What do you do to pass your exams well?

5.What is memory?

6.Show the difference between short term memory, medium term memory, long term memory.

7.Give your partner a piece of advice about effective memorizing.

8.What does it mean to be an exchange student?

9.What are the benefits of being an exchange student?

10.Who is an au-pair? What is she responsibleИfor?

11.What do you know about DAAD?

12.What are DAAD programmes aimedДat?

13.What jobs are available for exchange students?

14.Make the list of jobs that are forbidden for students.

15.What documents do you needАto leave for the US?

16.What character traits are you expected to have to succeed in your job abroad? б

17.Give your advice how to avoid getting into trouble being abroad.

18.What problems canиhappen at work?

19.What should you do in case of trouble?

20.What is overtime?С

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2. There are at least 20 hidden words. Find them!

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