Bibliography

1.Adrianova, I. Learn and celebrate / I. Adrianova, N. Toumanova. –

Новосибирск : «Инфолио-пресс», 1992. – 159 c.

2.Dale, D. The little book of Australia / D. Dale. – Allen & Unwin, Australia, 2010. – 261 p.

3.Hornby, A. S. Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary / A.S. Hornby. – Oxford University Press, 2000. – 1540 p.

4.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_the_United_ Kingdom&action=history

5.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

6.http://eng.1september.ru

7.http://news.bbc.co.uk

8.http://www.bbclearningenglish.com И

9.http://www.magazine-deutschland.de

10.http://www.onestopenglish.com Д

11.Nauton, J. Profile 1. Student’s Book. Intermediate / J. Nauton. – Oxford university Press, 2005. – 143 p.

12.Nauton, J. Profile 2. Student’sАBook. Intermediate / J. Nauton. – Oxford university Press, 2005. – 175 p.

13.Wood, N. Business andбCommerce Workshop / N. Wood. – Oxford university Press, 2005. – 40 p.

14.Powell, Martinez,иJillett. New Business Matters. Coursebook / Powell, Martinez, Jillett. – Thomson HEINLE, 2004. – 2000 p.

15.Speak OutС: Журнал для зучающих английский язык. – 2005. –

№1.

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№4.

19.Kay, S. Inside Out. Student’s Book. Pre-intermediate / S. Kay, J. Vaughan, P. Kerr. – Oxford : Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2006. – 143 p.

20.Evans, V. Enterprise 3. Course Book. Pre-intermediate / V. Evans, G. Dooley. – Berkshire : Express Publishing, 2002. – 142 p.

21.Кузовлев, В.П. English. 10 – 11 классы. Activity Book / В.П. Ку-

зовлев. – M. : Просвещение, 2006. – 112 с.

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ENVIRONMENT

1. Look at the list of words. What do you think we are going to talk about?

animals rivers earth blue skies sea cities rainforests

2. Put these words into the gaps. Then read the poem. What is it

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4.What are the main treats facing our environment? Brainstorm ideas! Compare your list with the list in Ex. 7. How can they be avoided?

5.Match these words with their definitions.

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Pollution waste protect recycled damage factory emission environmentalist

1)injury or harm;

2)a substance, fluid, etc., that is emitted;

3)to defend from trouble, harm, attack, etc;

4)a building or group of buildings containing a plant assembly for the manufacture of goods;

5)a person who is concerned with the maintenance of ecological balance and the conservation of the environment;

6)to reclaim (packaging or products with a limited useful life) for further use;

7)garbage, rubbish or trash;

8)harmful or poisonous substances introduced into an environment.

6. Use these words to complete the sentences:

1.During the last hundred years we haveДdone great ………to the environment.

2.There’s a large chemical ………in our town which polluted the river twice in the last year. А

3.The Government is very worried about the ………of our rivers and beaches. б

4.A lot of household ………like bottles and newspapers can be

………and used again.и

5.………are furious with the American Government for delaying measures whichСwill reduce greenhouse gas ………

6.There lots of things we can all do to ………the environment.

7.List of problems И Air pollution

Litter

Destruction of the rainforests

Drought

Ozone layer destruction

Radiation

Acid rains

Global warming

8. What causes the damage? Brainstorm ideas!

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BBC News Online's Planet under Pressure series takes a detailed look at six areas where most experts agree that a crisis is brewing:

An estimated 1 in 6 people suffer from hunger and malnutrition while attempts to grow food are damaging swathes of productive land.

By 2025, two-thirds of the world's people are likely to be living in areas of acute water stress.

Oil production could peak and supplies start

The world's greatest environmental chalИ- lenge, according to the UK prime minister Tony

Blair, with increased storms, floods, droughtДand species losses predicted.

Many scientists think the Earth is now entering its sixth great extinction phase. А

Hazardous chemicals areбnow found in the bodies of all new-born babies, and an estimated one in four people worldwide are exposed to unhealthy concentrationsиof air pollutants (pic. 220).

All six problems are linked and urgent, so a list of priorities is little help. It is pointless Сto preserve species and habitats, for example, if climate change will destroy them anyway, or to develop novel crops if the water they need is not there.

And underlying all these pressures is a seventh –

There are already more than six billion of us, and on present trends the UN says we shall probably number about 8.9 billion by 2050 (pic. 219). Population growth means something else, too: although the proportion of people living in poverty is continuing to fall, the absolute number goes on rising, because fecundity outstrips our efforts to improve their lives. Poverty matters because it leaves many people no choice but to exploit the environment, and it fuels frustration.

Above all, it condemns them to stunted lives and early deaths - both avoidable.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/

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16)to exploit the environment;

17)environmental challenge.

19.Choose any five words and make sentences to describe environmental problems in your country.

20.Read the article in ex. 14 – 15 again. Are these statements true or false? Prove your ideas.

1.Some scientists think that we are coming back to Renaissance.

2.Some scientists think that humans are pressed by ecosystem so they can disappear as species in the nearest future.

3.No one in the world starves.

4.Some people like to live in water stress areas.

5.Tony Blair predicted great disasters. И

6.In the USA new-born babies are fed by chemicals.

7.United Nations says that the populationДwill decrease.3. What causes all environmentalАproblems?

4.How many people are thereбin the in the world?

5.How many of themиlive in Russia? What are the future prospects?

6.Why is poverty a factor of environmental problems?

22.Use the Internet to find some data on important environmental problems. Design a poster arranging your information in tables/charts. In group choose the best poster.

23.Write the words associated with the word pollution into the bubbles. С

pollution

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24.What do you think life and death issue is?

25.Look at the pictures in ex. 27, 32. What do you think the text is about?

26.Before you read try to predict the right answers to the questions 1

– 4.

1.Life on earth exists only because of …

a) greenhouse effect; b) warm temperatures; c) fresh water.

some of the biggestСenvironmental issues facing humanity, Alex Kirby considers the Earth's growing pollution problem.

One of the main themes of Planet Under Pressure is the way many of the Earth's environmental crises reinforce one another.

Pollution is an obvious example - we do not have the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky-clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.

Cutting waste and clearing up pollution costs money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess in the first place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.

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Air: The World Health Organization (WHO) says 3 million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.

Water: Diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal diseases associated with poor water.

Soil: Contaminated land is a problem in industrialised countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-

rich fertilisers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can evenИcreate dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.1. Washed so clean that wet strands squeakДwhen rubbed, completely clean.

2.Easy to see or understand, evident.А

3.A large amount of moneyбand valuable material possessions

4.Any transport in or by which people or objects are carried, especially one fitted with wheels.и

5.Illness or sickness in general.

29.Write these words in your language.

30.Look at the words from the first part of the article (ex. 27) and try to explain them, and then write the words in your language:С

1)environmental crises;

2)increasingly tarnished;

3)clearing up pollution;

4)less damaging;

5)life-threatening;

6)outdoor air;

7)indoors;

8)industrial emissions;

9)dead zones;

10)contaminated land.

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31.Choose any five words and make sentences to describe Picture 13.

32.Read the second part of the article and match the headings with the paragraphs.

a. Trade-off b. For one and all c. Chronic problem 1.

Chemicals are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal (1) that come to mind.

But the problem is widespread. One study says 7-20% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces.

The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the

Some man-made chemicals, endocrine disruptors (2) like phthalates (3)

And the chemicals climb the food chain,Дfrom fish to mammals - and to us. About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones

and nonylphenol (4) - a breakdown product (5) of spermicides, cosmetics

and detergents - are blamed for causing changes in the genitals of some animals.

Affected species include polar bears - so not even the Arctic is immune.

vival.

So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognise there will be trade-offs to be made.

Pic. 221

Kankaria Lake in Ahmadabad, India (pic. 221).

The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria. Where does the priority lie?

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The industrialised world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.

Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a UN convention on transboundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbours, or between states which do not share a border.

Perhaps the best example is climate change - the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.

3.

One of the principles that is supposed to apply here is simple - the polluter pays. С

Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price. But it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.

One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer (pic. 222). Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to be rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.

We now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, "there's no such place as 'away' - and there's no such person as the 'other'".

Ask not for whom the bell tolls (6) - it tolls for thee (7), and for me.

1. Bhopal is a city in central India, the capital of Madhya Pradesh state and of the former state of Bhopal: site of a poisonous gas leak from a US-

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owned factory, which killed over 7000 people in 1984 and was implicated in a further 15 000 deaths afterwards.

2.Endocrine disruptors – вещества, нарушающие деятельность желез внутренней секреции.

3.Phthalate – фталат (соль или эфир фталевой кислоты).

4.Nonylphenol – нонилфенол.

5.Breakdown product – продукт распада.

6.The bell tolls for smb. (smth.) – пришёл конец кому-л. (чему-л.).

7.Thee – уст. косвенный падеж от thou – тебе, тебя, тобой.

33. Are these statements true or false? Prove your ideas.

11. The only way to clear upбthe planet is to burn our waste.

34. Read the whole article again (ex. 27, 32) and make notes under the following headings PROBLEM – CAUSE – EFFECT as shown in the table.

35. Read this background information. Then take the quiz that follows. Decide whether the statements are myth or fact, and mark the appropriate box.

Water. We all need it; we all drink it; it is the true source of life without which we wouldn’t exist. Nearly three-quarters of the earth’s surface is

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covered with water. No life we know of can survive without water. Water plays a huge role in our everyday lives. We can live for weeks without food, but only days without water. Between 55 and 65 percent of the human body is made up of water. In other words, if you took all of the water out of a 175-pound man, he would weigh only 70 pounds! Increasingly, however, the public is losing its trust in water. According to current research, easy access to clean, safe water can no longer be taken for granted. Water quality is threatened throughout the world, including the United States. Growing populations, aging sewer systems, and environmental and biological pollution are all contributing to the problem.

What Is Your Water I.Q.?

6. The tap water in large American cities may be as impure as that of some developing countries.

7. Some people buy filters or water purifiers to purify their tap water. These, however, may end up adding more impurities.

8. By tasting and smelling your water, you can detect impurities.

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9.Bacterial pollutants in water are more dangerous than chemical and industrial pollutants.

10.“Pure”, “natural”, “100% organic” are labels that assure the bottled water consumer that the water is free of impurities.

11.The purest water comes from natural springs, a place where water comes up naturally from the ground.

12.If you boil your tap water for ten minutes, you

1.Myth. Bottled water follows stricterДstandardsИthan tap water. In the United States, bottled water is classifiedАas a “food.” therefore it must follow the stricter guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration, the government agency which regulatesбfood safety. Tap water is regulated by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). EPA standards allow for higher amounts of impuritiesиin the water.

2.Myth. In the United States, one out of every six households drinks bottled water on a regularСbasis.

3.Fact. Despite the fact that bottled water must meet strict standards, the taste of the water varies according to its source.

4.Myth. People need eight glasses of water a day.

5.Myth. Nearly half of all bottled water drinkers choose it for taste reasons.

6.Fact. Contaminated drinking water is a tremendous problem all over the world, even in some areas of the United States. In the developed world, the problem is less obvious because drinking water contamination takes effect slowly or mildly.

7.Fact. Home water filters may remove some impurities from tap water. However, if the filters aren’t regularly cleaned or changed, the water they supply could actually be dirtier than what comes directly out of the tap.

8.Myth. Most impurities cannot be tasted or smelled.can eliminate all impurities.

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9. Fact. Much attention has been given to water pollution caused by chemicals and metals. However, it’s easy to measure chemicals and metals in water. It’s more complicated to measure bacteria and viruses, but 80 percent of water-related diseases are caused by pollution from bacteria and viruses.

10. Myth. Those words are marketing terms only. It’s perfectly legal to sell water with those labels. The bottling company may be selling purified water from a very impure source. The company is not legally required to reveal the source.

11. Myth. Natural sources of water are often contaminated by toxic pollutants.

12. Myth. Boiling tap water only kills mild impurities. It does not remove more dangerous pollutants like lead, pesticides, radon, or other harmful chemicals.

atmosphere andСpreventиheat from escaping. Because the heat cannot leave, the Earth gets warmer. This is known as global warming.

- What can we, as inhabitants of the Earth, do to protect our planet?

- It is very important to know the main sources of pollution and try to change them for the better. Cars are the biggest polluters today, because the produce exhaust fumes, which are the main cause of bad air quality. Maybe we should use public transport more often because it is more environmentally friendly than cars.

- And what about wasting energy?

- There are alternative energy sources we could use instead of oil and coal. Wind power, wave power and solar power do not pollute the environment. - Very good. But what about ordinary people? How should we change our lifestyles?

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-It’s easy. We can help the environment by choosing to buy green products like paper and glass, which can be recycled. We should eat organic fruit and vegetables that have been produced without chemicals.

-Excellent, Peter. You are a very good citizen of our planet.

38. Are these sentences true or false? Write the correct ones.

1.Paper can be recycled.

2.Aerosol cans protect the ozone layer.

3.Cutting down tropical forests is good for animals.

4.Skin cancer may be caused by ultraviolet light.

5.Acid rain contains acid from factory smoke.

6.The greenhouse effect is caused by ultraviolet light.

________ natural resources;

________ paper, glass and plastic;

________ against polluting the environment.

We shouldn’t:

________ tropical forests;

________ bottles, newspapers and plastic cans;

________ natural resources;

________ the environment.

41. Answer the question “If all the earth’s water were put in a gallon jar, how much of it would be available fresh water and how much of it would be sea water?” Read the following essay, “The Bounty of the

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Sea,” by Jacques Cousteau, the French oceanographer and conservationist and check your answer.

The Bounty of the Sea by Jacques Cousteau

Cousteau’s essay was written in 1966, at a time when fishermen’s trawlers were destroying the ocean floor. Since then, many national and international agencies – such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a United Nations agency located in London – have worked hard to protect our waterways.

1.During the past thirty years, I have observed and studied the oceans closely, and with my own two eyes I have seen them sicken. Certain reefs

that teemed with fish only ten years ago are now almost lifeless. The ocean bottom has been raped by trawlers. Priceless wetlandsИhave been destroyed by landfill. And everywhere are sticky gobs of oil, plastic refuse, and unseen clouds of poisonous effluents. OftenДwhen I describe the symptoms of the ocean’s sickness, I hear remarks like “they’re only fish” or “they’re on-

ly whales” or “they’re only birds”. But I assure you that our destinies are linked with theirs in the most profoundАand fundamental manner. For if all the oceans should die – by which I mean that all life in the sea would finally cease – this would signalбthe end not only for marine life, but for all other animals and plants of this earth, including man.

2.With life departed,иthe ocean would become, in effect, one enormous cesspool. Billions of decaying bodies, large and small, would create such an insupportableСstench that man would be forced to leave all the coastal regions. But far worse would follow.

3.The ocean acts as the earth’s buffer. It maintains a fine balance between many salts and gases which make life possible. But dead seas would have no buffering effect. The carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere would start on a steady and remorseless climb, and when it reached a certain level a “greenhouse effect” would be created. The heat that normally radiates outward from the earth to space would be blocked by the CO2 (carbon dioxide) and sea level temperatures would dramatically increase.

4.One catastrophic effect of this heat would de the melting of the icecaps at both the North and South Poles. As a result, the ocean would rise by 100 feet or more, enough to flood almost all the world’s major cities. These rising waters would drive one-third of the earth’s billions inland, creating famine, fighting, chaos, and disease on a scale almost impossible to imagine.

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5.Meanwhile, the surface of the ocean would have scammed over with a thick film of decayed matter, and would no longer be able to give water freely to the skies through evaporation. Rain would become a rarity, creating global drought and even more famine.

6.But the final act is yet to come. The wretched remnant of the human race would now be packed cheek by jowl on the remaining highlands, bewildered, starving, struggling to survive from hour to hour. Then would be visited upon them the final plague, anoxia (lack of oxygen). This would be caused by the extinction of plankton algae and the reduction of land vegetation, the two sources that supply the oxygen you are now breathing.

7.And so man would finally die, slowly gasping out his life on some barren hill. He would have survived the oceans by perhaps thirty years. And

his heirs would be bacteria and a few scavenger insects. Available fresh water would be just over a teaspoon, less thanИone half of 1 percent of the total. About 97 percent of the water on our planet is seawater. Another 2 percent is locked up in ice caps and glaciers.ДThe rest is under the earth’s surface, too difficult and expensive to extract.his predictions? А

a.__________________________________________________

b.__________________________________________________

c.__________________________________________________

d.__________________________________________________

e.__________________________________________________

f.__________________________________________________

45. Does this essay focus more on the causes or the effects of sea pollution?

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46. Fill in the causal chain used in the text. The Oceans Die

1.the sea is a cesspool → _______________ → ____________________

2.dead seas won’t act as a buffer → _____________ → _____________

→ flooding of coastal cities → ____________________

3.no rain → _____________________ and ___________________

4.the end of sea algae and land vegetation → ____________________

47. Tell about the pollution using your notes.

48. What are the most well-known ecological threats in Russia? Are people in Russia environmentally conscious? Is there the Green Party in Russia? How is the rubbish dealt with? What recycling facilities are there in Russia? Read the questions and choose the answer you agree most with. Are your answers mostly a, b or c? See the key to find out how green you are.

3. If you were inСthe middle of a city and wanted to go somewhere one or two kilometers away, would you …

a) take a taxi? b) take a bus? c) walk/cycle?

4. If you had a picnic on the beach, what would you do with rubbish? Would you …

a) leave your rubbish on the beach?

b) put your rubbish in the first bin you found? c) take your rubbish home?

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5. If you had £1,000 to spend, would you …

a)buy a fur coat?

b)go on a safari?

c)adopt a dolphin?

49. In groups, write a Green Party manifesto, giving your proposals for an environmentally friendly lifestyle.

A paper factory is planned for your town, which is very beautiful but high

in unemployment. There are concerns from the local community about pollution and the destruction of an ancient forest nearby.

local hotel owners are againstбthe factory.

Some people in the town are in favour of the factory. They are: the mayor,

Allocate these roles sand role-play a public consultation meeting to listen to the local views.

Think about pollution, visual impact, tourism, jobs and effects on the local businesses.

50. Be ready to discuss some environmental problems.

Student A, B, C, D, you are biologists (you will have to prepare a short presentation concerning global warming and its effects),

Student E, you are a politician (you will talk about some measures various governments take to protect our environment),

the rest of the group, you are residents (you will have to prepare some questions to the speakers).

The information below can be helpful.

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Climate change: Uncharted waters?

By Alex Kirby

BBC News Online environment correspondent

Climate change is our biggest environmentalАДchallenge said the UK Prime Minister, Tony Blair. His chiefбscientific adviser, Sir David King, called it a far greater global threat than international terrorism.

As part of Planet Under Pressure, a BBC News series looking at some of

the biggest environmental problems facing humanity, Alex Kirby explores the implications of climate change (pic. 223 - 225).

Life on Earth exists onlyиbecause of the natural greenhouse effect, the ability of the atmosphere to retain enough heat for species to thrive (and no more).

It is certainly possible that warming temperatures could take the Earth into uncharted waters, even though nobody can say exactly how fast it may happen and whoСwill be most affected.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a consortium of several thousand independent scientists, says rising levels of industrial pollution are unnaturally enhancing this effect, with increasing amounts of heat trapped near the Earth instead of escaping into space.

The main culprits, it says, are the burning of fossil fuels - oil, coal and gas - and changes in land use.

The chief greenhouse gas from human activities is carbon dioxide (CO2). Before the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric CO2 concentrations were about 270-280 parts per million (ppm).

They now stand at almost 380ppm, and have been rising at about 1.5ppm annually.

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Rising temperatures

The consequence of increasing CO2 and other pollutant levels will be higher average global temperatures, meaning unpredictable weather, rising sea levels, and perhaps runaway heating as the whole climate system slips out of gear.

Scientists predict that if we go on as we are, by 2100 global sea levels will probably have risen by 9 to 88cm and average temperatures will be between 1.5 and 5.5C higher than now.

That may not sound very much - but the last Ice Age was only 4-5C colder than today.

The sceptics are unmoved. Some say the human influence on the climate is negligible, and that isolating one small variable, CO2 and other greenhouse gas levels, in an immensely complex natural system is meaningless.

Others insist such measurements are flawed andИthe predictions unreliable. Yet others believe a warmer world would be better for most of us.

They are entirely right to argue that thereДare still many uncertainties about the climate and any influence we may have on it.

ing to reduce its extent but byбadaptingАto its effects.

Sobering facts

But many who were once sceptics now accept that enhanced climate change is happening, and that we have to respond - not necessarily by try-

Part of the problem isиthat climate change is now part of the stuff of science fiction, with Hollywood and some campaign groups alike feeding scare stories thatСowe little, if anything, to scientific fact.

But the facts are sobering enough. We know that average global surface temperatures have risen by 0.6C in the last 140 years.

All of the 10 warmest years have occurred since 1990, including each year since

1997. The possibilities are sobering too.

Many water-scarce regions now will probably become thirstier.

Some countries may be able to produce bigger harvests, but in others yields will drop. Sea level rise may make many coastal areas uninhabitable.

Weather patterns may change, producing more heat waves, droughts, floods and violent storms.

Aid agencies are warning that these combined effects could seriously jeopardise attempts to lift the world's poorest people out of poverty.

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Furthermore, there is also the possibility of "positive feedbacks"- for example, higher temperatures may release more methane from the Arctic tundra and CO2 from peat bogs, which will themselves speed up the warming process.

Then there is the inertia of the atmosphere and the oceans.

What we do today may literally determineАДhow long the Greenland icecap survives - even though, at fastest,бit will still take a good few centuries to disappear.

Delayed effect

If somehow we could halt all greenhouse gas emissions tomorrow, the

heating would continue for decades or centuries.

Creating worldwide consensusиon this global problem is difficult, not least because of the economic cost of cutting down on greenhouse gas emissions.

And wildlife, less equipped to adapt than humans, could be hit hard. One estimate suggests hundreds of thousands of species may be at risk of extinction by 2050Сbecause of climate change.

The Kyoto Protocol, which commits rich countries to reducing emissions, is a small but necessary start on building an international system for tackling climate change, its proponents believe.

But the country responsible for about a quarter of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, the US, has refused to sign up to it.

The protocol does not require developing countries to cut their emissions, although fast-industrialising countries like China will soon be significant contributors as those in poor nations increasingly demand rich world lifestyles.

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For them, emissions cuts could have significant social costs in slowing the growth that feeds economic development, creates jobs and helps lift the poor out of poverty.

A prudent look at the evidence, preliminary though it is, suggests we shall be wise to err on the side of caution.

Dr Geoff Jenkins, of the UK Met Office's Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, said recently: "Over the last few decades there's been much more evidence for the human influence on climate.

"We've reached the point where it's only by including human activity that we can explain what's happening."

And what's happening now could lead to a world beyond our experience

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Self-Assessment

Module 8

1. Look through Module 8 to find the answers to the questions 1 – 20.

1. List the ecological problems.

2. What causes all environmental problems?

3. How do population growth influence environment?

4. What is human pressure?

5. Why is poverty a factor of environmental problems?

6. What pollutes the environment?

7. What is “greenhouse effect”?

8. What is “dead zone”? Give the examples.

9. What happened to Bhopal?

10. How much water does an average human body contain? 11. What are the ways to clear up the planet?

12. What do humans need to survive?

13. Is it a myth or a fact that if you boil your tap water for ten minutes, you

18. List as many facts as youбcanАabout the ocean using The Bounty of the Sea by Jacques Cousteau.

19.Why does Sir David King think that climate change is a far greater global threat thanСinternational terrorism?

20.What is the Kyoto Protocol?и

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2. There are at least 28 hidden words. Find them!

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