Министерство образования и науки РФ Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования

«Сибирский государственный автомобильно-дорожный университет (СибАДИ)»

СИ.Н. Еф менко, И.В. Бреус, М.В. Цыгулева

иЭЛЕКТРОНИКА И ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИКА

ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

бАУче но-методическое пособие

Д И

Омск 2018

Еф менко, Ир на Н колаевна.

Е91 Электрон ка электротехника = Electronics and Electrical Engineering

[Электронный ресурс] : уче но-методическое пособие / И.Н. Ефименко, И.В. Бреус, М.В. Цыгулева. ‒ Омск : Сиб ДИ, 2018. ‒ URL: http:// bek.sibadi.org/cgi-bin/irbis64r plus/cgiirbis 64 ft.exe. - Режим доступа: для авторизованных пользователей.

ISBN 978-5-00113-047-5.

Представлены тексты и упражнения, которые способствуют знакомству с будущей профессиональной деятельностью и направлены на формирование навыков практического владения иностранным языком в сфере профессиональной коммуникации.

Имеет интерактивное оглавление в виде закладок. Содержит видеофрагменты обучающего демонстрационного характера, которые воспроизводятся с помощью проигрывателя Windows Media.

Предназначено для обучающихся первых, вторых курсов механических направлений подготовки бакалавриата всех форм обучения.

Подготовлено на кафедре «Иностранные языки».

Мультимедийное издание (4 МБ)

Системные требования : Intel, 3,4 GHz ; 150 МБ ; Windows XP/Vista/7 ; DVD-ROM ; 1 ГБ свободного места на жестком диске ; программа для чтения pdf-файлов

Adobe Acrobat Reader; Google Chrome ; Windows Media Player, колонки

Редактор Н.И. Косенкова

Техническая подготовка Н.В Кенжалинова Издание первое. Дата подписания к использованию 19.01.2018

Издательско-полиграфический комплекс СибАДИ. 644080, г. Омск, пр. Мира, 5 РИО ИПК СибАДИ. 644080, г. Омск, ул. 2-я Поселковая, 1

© ФГБОУ ВО «СибАДИ», 2018

Ссылки на видео внутри работы кликабельны

PART I

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

TEXT 1

NATURE OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

In the modern conception of the constitution of matter it is composed of atoms. The atom is made up of a positive nucleus surrounded by negative charges of electricity, called electrons, whichИrevolve about the nucle-

us at tremendous speeds. The nucleus consists of a number of protons, each with a single positive charge, and, except for hydrogen, one or more neutrons, which have no charge. The atom is neutral when it contains equal numbers of electrons and protons. A negativly charged body contains more electrons than protons. A positivly charged body is one which contains fewer electrons than its normal number.

When the two ends of a conductor are connected to two points at different potentials, such as the terminals of a battery, we say that there is an electric current in the conductor. What actually happens?

The conductor has equal numbers of positive and negative charges in its atoms, and we want to know how the charges can be made to produce a

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current. The atoms in metals are packed so closely that they overlap to some extent, so that it is comparatively easy for the outer electrons to pass

from one atom to another if a small force is applied to them. The battery causes a potential difference between the ends of the wire, and thus provides forces that make the negative electrons in the wire move toward the point of higher potential. This electron flow toward the positive electrode is the electric current. Naturally materials differ considerably in the ease with which electrons can be made to migrate from atom to atom.

Сtheиconductor.

The current will not flow unless there is an electric circuit. The magnitude of the current depends simply on the rate of flow of electrons along

3. Проч тайте выуч те.

Nucleus – ядро; charge – заряд;

to revolve – вращаться; speed – скорость; hydrogen – водород; neutron – нейтрон; conductor – проводник; terminals – зажим, конец;

battery – аккумулятор; атарея;

4. Прочтите слова из текста и составьте 3 предложения.

Conception, surround, neutral, except, equal, contain, potential, tremendous, actually, comparatively, provide, toward, flow, migrate, apply, higher.

5. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is an atom? 2. When is the atom neutral? 3. What is a negativly charged body? 4. What is a positivly charged body? 5. What is an electric current? 6. What does the magnitude of the current depend on?

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6. Составьте предложения, используя слова и выражения.

А negativly charged body; from negative to positive; from one atom to another; a number of protons; a single positive charge; equal number and protons; to differ in the ease.

С7. Прочтите диалоги и найдите английские эквиваленты следую-

щим фразам: ядро окружено; размышлять, обдумывать, наблюдать; количество отр цательных зарядов; зафиксированный результат наблюдений; на самом деле, в действительности; насколько мне известно; полож тельно заряженные частицы; если кусок янтаря потереть о мех; маятн к; пр тяг вать легкие предметы; позднее было обнаружено; обще звестный факт; различные вещества; наиболее существен-

- No, as farбАas it is known Thales liked to speculate but he did not experiment systematically. Twenty-two centuries elapsed before there was any progress.

- When was the first recorded observation about electricity made? - As far as I know it was made by the Greek philosopher Thales. - What did he state, I wonder?

- Don’t you know? He stated that a piece of amber rubbed with fur attracted light objects such as feathers and bits of straw.

- Did he make any experiments?

magnetism and of electrical phenomenaДbegan.

- Oh, it was just about the time that Galileo discovered the laws of the pendulum and accelerated bodies. So it was at the time when the study of

- How was it found out that some substances can be “electrified”?

- It is a well-known fact that having been rubbed many substances behaved

- Can only similar substances become electrified or acquire electrical charges, being touched together and then separated?

- No. Later on it was discovered that any of two dissimilar substances could be electrified. As a matter of fact, rubbing is not essential. It merely forces the two substances into close contact.

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- What do you know about the nucleus, the proton and the electron?

- In the electrical system there is a nucleus containing positively charged particles. These particles are called protons. The nucleus is surrounded by Сlighter negatively charged units – electrons. So, the most essential constit-

uent of matter is made up of electrically charged particles. - When matter is neutral?

- Everybody knows that matter having equal amounts of both charges is neutralи- that it produces no electrical effects.

- And what happens if the number of negative charges is unlike the number of positive ones?

- Well, then the matter will produce electrical effects. Having lost some of its electrons, the atom has a positive charge; having an excess of electrons

– it has a negative charge.

- So, as a matter of fact you do know the material. -4-

-When will electrons move?

-If given a path, electrons dislodged from the parent atom, will move.

-Well, what do you know about the electric current?

-The electric current is a quantity of electrons flowing in a circuit per second of time.

-And what is the unit of measure for current?

-The unit of measure for current is the ampere. One coulomb passing a

point in a circuit per second, the current strength is 1 ampere. The apmere is therefore a rate unit.бАД

8. Дайте полное описание природе электрическогоИтока.

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