2015

oil pressure pump

pump fluid

pump out

pumped water feed

transmission pump

pumps. Mechanical pumps serve in

a wide range of applications such ё as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filter-

ing and aeration, in the car industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy indus-

try for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers

.

Pumping stations are buildings or places that house pumps or other equipment designed to move water and other fluids from one location to another. Pump stations are sometimes called lift stations. The particular type of equipment residing in a specific pumping station will depend on its exact function, and on the type of fluid that requires pumping. Different pumps may be needed, for example, at a sewage pumping station that deals with sludge and slurry, when compared with a water pumping station.

Pumping stations typically have a dedicated function. Many pumping stations form important structural parts of the public water supply system, typically serving to pump water out of a reservoir, and into a system of pipes. Some pumping stations transport domestic sludge, liquid industrial waste, or agricultural slurry. Other uses of pumping stations include managing the water supply of canals, pumping water uphill in certain types of hydroelectric systems, providing irrigation to farming land, and draining water from low-lying land.

Pumps that are utilized in these stations include two main types. These are rotodynamic pumps and positive displacement pumps, and they are classified based on the mechanism that they use to move fluids. Rotodynamic pumps work by adding pressure to a column of fluid in order to increase the rate at which the fluid moves through a pipe.

A rotodynamic pump uses a rotor to apply pressure to a fluid. These pumps are often called centrifugal pumps, and they may be used in a sewage pump station, as they allow the pumping of thick slurries. Centrifugal

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pumps are also often used in water pumping stations that provide water to agricultural irrigation systems.

Positive displacement pumps work by forcibly moving an amount of fluid from an intake pipe to an outlet pipe. These pumps usually produce a constant flow. As such, these pumps often form part of the equipment for a standard water pump station providing the flow for a public water supply.

Modern pumping stations are often monitored and maintained using a computer called a pump station manager. These computers offer the advantage of allowing a pump station to operate continuously, without necessarily being staffed at all times of the day or night. Pump station manager computers usually have a user-friendly interface that allows non-technical personnel to operate the station. These computers typically monitor many important variables that affect the successful operation of pumping stations, such as liquid pressure and flow rates.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-pumping-stations.htm

1.What is the pumping station?

2.What types of pumps do you know?

3.How are pumping stations maintained?

. 2.5

32

optical plummet

drop the plumb-bob

in plumb

plumb rule

position the plumb line

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. ,

.

TСО “pХЮЦЛ” ТЧ “pХЮЦЛ-ЛШЛ” comes from the fact that such tools

were originally made of lead (Latin plumbum, French plomb). The adjec-

ЭТvО “pХЮЦЛ” developed Лв ОбЭОЧsТШЧ, Кs НТН ЭСО ЧШЮЧ “КpХШЦЛ”, from the notion of "standing upright".

Up until the modern age, on most tall structures, plumb-bobs were used to provide vertical datum lines for the building measurements. A section of the scaffolding would hold a plumb line that was centered over a datum mark on the floor. As the building proceeded upwards the plumb line would also be taken higher, still centered on the datum. Many cathedral spires, domes and towers still have brass datum marks inlaid into their floors that signify the center of the structure above.

Although a plumb-bob and line alone can only determine a vertical, if mounted on a suitable scale the instrument may also be used as an inclinometer to measure angles to the vertical.

The early skyscrapers used heavy plumb-bobs hung on wire in their elevator shafts. The weight would hang in a container of oil to dampen any swinging movement, functioning as a shock absorber.

1.What were the plumbs made of?

2.What is the plumb-bob used for?

34

35

3.

.

,

ё

ё

-

Conveyor,

transporter, carrier Electromotor, electric motor, motor

winch, hoist,

windlass

Mechanisms

. 3.1

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.

A conveyor automatically moves goods and supplies around a facility. One example many consumers may be familiar with is the conveyor belt, a flat belt looped around pulleys that can rotate endlessly to move goods from one end to the other. Such systems are in use in a wide variety of settings, from grocery stores to manufacturing facilities. Firms that specialize in conveyor design and development can produce custom products on request for customers with particular needs or concerns.

Conveyors can improve efficiency, as they are usually faster than workers handling goods with hand trucks, baskets, and other equipment. They may cut down on staffing needs, which can save costs for the company. This technology can also improve safety; a conveyor for goods, for instance, is less risky for employees than a forklift to move products around. The forklift could expose people to the risk of injury and requires a handler, while the conveyor is much less dangerous and can be handled by a number of employees with basic training.

In addition to belt designs, it is possible to see chains and rollers used for moving various products. Bucket conveyors are also in use for bulk components. Some equipment may vibrate to shake products loose from molds, cool them, or contribute in other ways to the manufacturing process. Conveyors can travel up inclines and around corners, making them very flexible for a variety of settings. The available features can depend on the product and the needs of the consumer.

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Such systems can have built-in checkweighers to test the weights of components. They may also integrate with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tracking system to monitor products as they move through a facility, and may pass through ultraviolet sanitation lights or other systems for safety. Each extra feature can add to the complexity of a conveyor, but also standardizes and automates a system. This can be important for product safety and quality, especially when accompanied by inspectors who regularly check the production line to look for any signs of problems.

Portable systems are an option for settings where a conveyor is needed only temporarily, like a construction site. Personnel might want to take advantage of an automated system of this nature to meet a specific project need. They can rent systems from companies that provide equipment rental, or a company may buy a portable conveyor for use on various projects, if it has a frequent call for such equipment. These systems break down and set up quickly; they can also be modular to allow employees to configure them in a variety of ways.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-conveyor.htm

1.What does a conveyor do?

2.What is RFID?

3.What are the advantages of portable conveyors?

. 3.2

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