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З

5.5.

,

 

.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

trailer concrete pump

 

 

 

 

 

 

pole trailer

 

-

 

 

 

 

tank trailer

 

 

 

 

 

 

center dump trailer

 

 

 

 

 

 

rear tipping trailer

 

-

 

 

З

5.6.

 

,

,

 

 

 

,

 

.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

English

 

 

 

 

 

A trailer is generally an unpow-

-

 

 

 

ered vehicle pulled by a powered

,

-

 

 

 

vehicle. Commonly, the

 

 

 

 

 

term trailer refers to such vehicles

 

-

 

 

 

used for transport of goods and ma-

 

-

 

 

 

terials

 

 

 

З

5.7.

 

.

-

.

In the United States, the term is sometimes used interchangeably with travel trailer and mobile home, varieties of trailers and manufactured housing designed for human habitation. Their origins lay in utility trailers built in a similar fashion to horse-drawn wagons. A trailer park is an area where mobile homes are placed for habitation.

In the United States trailers ranging in size from single-axle dollies to 6-axle, 13 ft 6 in (4,115 mm) high, 53 ft 0 in (16,154 mm) long semi-

trailers are commonplace. The latter, when towed as part of a tractortrailer Шr “18-аСООХОr”, carries a large percentage of the freight that travels

over land in North America.

Some trailers are made for personal (or small business) use with practically any powered vehicle having an appropriate hitch, but some trailers are part of large trucks called semi-trailer trucks for transportation of cargo.

100

Enclosed toy trailers and motorcycle trailers can be towed by com-

monly accessible pickup truck or van, which generally require no special permit beyond a regular НrТvОr’s ХТМОЧsО. Specialized trailers like open-air

motorcycle trailers, bicycle trailers are much smaller, accessible to small automobiles, as are some simple trailers, pulled by a drawbar and riding on a single set of axles. Other trailers, such as utility trailers and travel trailers or campers come in single and multiple axle varieties, to allow for varying sizes of tow vehicles.

There also exist highly specialized trailers, such as genset trailers and their ilk that are also used to power the towing vehicle. Others are custombuilt to hold entire kitchens and other specialized equipment used by carnival vendors. There are also trailers for hauling boats.

З

5.8.

.

3

 

 

.

 

З

5.9.

.

 

 

. 5.2

 

З

5.10.

-

 

(

).

З

5.11.

-

,

,

-

.

101

 

 

 

6.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

З

6.1.

 

 

 

,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.

 

 

.

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

jack hammer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

hydraulic hammer operation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

hydraulic piling hammer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

hydraulic hammer control

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

hydraulic breaker circuit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

hydraulic hammer speed switch

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

З

6.2.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

,

,

 

 

 

,

 

 

 

 

 

 

.

 

-

 

 

breakers, hammers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

English

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A breaker is

a

powerful percus-

 

 

 

 

 

sion hammer fitted to an excavator

 

 

 

-

 

 

for demolishing concrete structures

 

 

 

-

 

 

or

rocks.

It

is

powered

by

(

,

 

-

 

 

an auxiliary hydraulic system from

 

 

 

 

the excavator, which is fitted with

 

 

,

,

 

 

a foot-operated valve for this pur-

 

 

,

-

 

 

pose. Additionally,

demolition

 

),

 

-

 

 

crews employ the hoe ram for jobs

 

 

 

( -

 

 

too large for jackhammering or ar-

 

,

,

)

 

 

eas

where blasting is

not possible

 

 

 

 

 

 

due to safety or environmental is-

 

,

 

,

 

 

sues. Breakers are often referred to

 

 

 

 

Кs

“СКЦЦОrs”,

“pОМФОrs”,

“СШО

 

 

 

-

 

 

rКЦs” Шr “СШО rКЦЦОrs.” TСОsО

 

.

 

 

 

 

terms are popular and commonly

 

 

 

 

 

 

used

amongst construction

 

,

 

-

 

 

/demolition workers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

102

 

 

 

 

З

6.3.

.

-

.

Tramac by Montabert Technology

Built with unique advanced technology, Tramac by Montabert Hydraulic patented designs offer breakers of high quality, high productivity and unbeatable robustness.

All Tramac by Montabert breakers utilize solely 100% oil pressure for the creation of piston energy. A sealed rubber diaphragm accumulator combined with the pressure regulator which continually adjust a constant percussion pressure independently from delivered flow but also prevent the rubber diaphragm from impacting the accumulator flange. The energy recovery valve allows a real recovery of piston rebound energy (up to 30%) by recycling a certain quantity of oil directly into the accumulator.

Tramac by Montabert is also well known to be the leader in the variable stroke change technology.

All models from our "V Series" adapt automatically the impact energy to the material resistance. For each blow, a sensor checks the rebound of the piston.

All of these features are part of our new tool-guiding known as TPS (tool protection system) which increase the tool retainer life span, increase the upper and lower bushing life span allow Tramac by Montabert Breakers to offer higher reliability, higher availability and higher performance.

Inside every Tramac by Montabert breaker, an automatic pressure regulator reduces pressure variations, preventing overheating, and extending the life of the breaker. In addition, Tramac by Montabert breakers nev-

er lose power and productivity like nitrogen-assisted breakers.

Most nitrogen-КssТsЭОН ЛrОКФОrs’ ОЧОrРв МШЦОs ПrШЦ МШЦprОssОН Чi- trogen. During use, hydraulic flow displaces the piston upward, compress-

ing the nitrogen. At the top of the stroke, hydraulic flow stops or is divert-

ОН, МКЮsТЧР К sСШМФ ЭШ ЭСО МКrrТОr’s СвНrКЮХТМ sвsЭОЦ. TСО ЛЮТХЭ-up pressure in the nitrogen chamber pushes the piston downward. However, as nitrogen leaks with use and improper storage, power decreases, until the breaker is refilled.

In contrast, Tramac by Montabert breakers use hydraulic flow to move the piston up and down. On the up stroke, excess oil is stored in a fully enclosed energy chamber. Once the piston reaches the top of its stroke, high-pressure hydraulic flow is diverted, and forces the piston downward. Towards the end of the stroke, stored oil from the energy

103

chamber is released to complement flow from the carrier and to compensate for the piston's high velocity. Then the cycle repeats for constant power and performance with every blow.

http://www.tramacbymontabert.com/technology

З

6.4.

,

:

1.What are the advantages of Tramac by Montabert breakers?

2.What is the TPS?

3.What is the hydraulic flow used for?

З

6.5.

.

 

 

. 6.1

З

6.6.

,

 

.

-

 

 

.

pull scoop

scoop chain

scoop tractor

dipper capacity

dipper lip

backward bucket

bucket assembly

bucket crane

bucket dump clearance

bucket tilt

104

З

6.7.

 

 

 

.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

English

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

A bucket is a specialized container

 

-

 

 

attached to a machine, as compared

,

,

-

 

 

to a bucket adapted to the form of a

 

,

-

 

 

human being. It is a bulk material

 

 

ё -

 

 

handling component.

 

 

 

,

.

 

 

The bucket has an inner volume as

,

 

-

 

 

compared to other types of machine

 

.

 

 

attachments like blades or shovels.

 

 

 

 

The bucket could be attached to

 

 

,

 

 

the lifting

hook of a crane, at

the

 

 

-

 

 

end of the arm of an excavating

 

 

 

 

machine, to the wires of a dragline

 

 

 

 

 

excavator, to the arms of a power

 

 

 

 

 

shovel or

a tractor equipped

with

 

 

 

 

 

a backhoe loader or to a loader, or

 

 

 

 

 

to a dredge

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Excavator buckets are made of sol-

 

 

 

 

 

id steel and generally present teeth

 

 

 

 

 

protruding from the cutting edge, to

 

 

 

 

 

disrupt hard material and avoid

 

 

 

 

 

wear-and-tear of the bucket. Sub-

 

 

 

 

 

sets of the excavator bucket are: the

 

 

 

 

 

ditching bucket, trenching

bucket,

 

 

 

 

 

A ditching bucket is a wider bucket

 

 

 

 

 

with no teeth, 56 feet (1.51.8 m)

 

 

 

 

 

used for excavating larger excava-

 

 

 

 

 

tions and grading stone. A trench-

 

 

 

 

 

ing excavator bucket is normally 6

 

 

 

 

 

to 24 in (150 to 610 mm) wide and

 

 

 

 

 

with protruding teeth

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The clamshell bucket is a more so-

 

 

 

 

 

phisticated

articulated

several-

 

 

 

 

 

pieces device, including two ele-

 

 

 

 

 

mentary buckets associated on a

 

 

 

105

 

 

1

 

2

 

 

 

 

hinged structure forming a claw-

 

 

 

 

 

 

like appendage with an internal

 

 

 

 

 

 

volume

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

,

.

-

 

 

 

 

,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

ё

-

 

 

 

 

ё

.

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

,

 

 

 

 

 

«

»

 

 

З

6.8.

 

 

.

 

 

,

 

 

,

.

Buckets in mechanical engineering can have a distinct quality from the traditional bucket (pail) whose purpose is to contain things. Larger versions of this type of bucket equip bucket trucks to contain human beings, buckets in water-hauling systems in mines or, for instance, in helicopter buckets to hold water to combat fires.

Two other types of mechanical buckets can be distinguished according to the final destination of the device they equip: energy-consumer systems like excavators or energy-capturer systems like water bucket wheels or turbines.

Buckets exist in a variety of sizes or shapes. They can be quite large like those equipping Hulett cranes, used to discharge ore out of cargo ships in harbours or very small such as those used by deep-sea exploration vehicles.

106

The shape of the bucket can vary from the truncated conical shape of an actual bucket to more scoop-like or spoon-like shapes akin to water turbines. The cross section can be round or square.

З

6.9.

,

:

1.What is the function of a bucket?

2.What types of buckets do you know?

З

6.10.

.

 

 

. 6.2

 

З

6.11.

.

 

 

 

,

.

6.3.

 

:

 

 

-

to be used to do something/

for doing

something;

scoop, dipper, ladle; bucket;

bucket tooth;

ripping;

loading;

 

(

) – surfacing, leveling;

reinforced;

trench

107

 

 

. 6.3

 

З

6.12.

 

-

 

(

).

 

З

6.13.

,

-

 

 

.

 

108

7.

З

7.1.

.

-

.

-

ё

Truck; lorry

Fire apparatus, fire

engine, fire

Pile driver, truck, fire appliance pile driving

equipment

Special-purpose

machinery

Field engine, truck tractor, tractor

Dump truck, tipper, tipper lorry, tip truck

. 7.1

109

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