2015

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Grip, gripper, gripping, alligator, capture, automatic grab, grab, grapple, hold, lifter, trapping

Plummet, plumb-bob

Appliances

(facilities)

Water level

Pump

Boring apparatus, derrick, well drill, drilling rig, well rig, well rigging, drill unit, drilling unit

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Until internal combustion engines were developed in the late 19th century, the main method for drilling rock was muscle power of man or an-

imal. The drilling of wells for the manufacture of salt began by the Song Dynasty ТЧ CСТЧК. TСО аОХХ СКН К pКrЭТМЮХКrХв sЦКХХ ЦШЮЭС, “Кs sЦКХХ Кs К sЦКХХ ЛШаХ.” ArМСКОШХШРТМКХ ОvТНОЧМО ШП ЭСО НrТХХТЧР ЭШШХs ЮsОН ТЧ НООp-

well dwelling are kept and displayed in the Zigong Salt Industry Muse-

um. According to Salt: A World History, a Qing Dynasty well, also located

ТЧ ГТРШЧР, “МШЧЭТЧЮОН НШаЧ ЭШ 3,300 ПООЭ ЦКФТЧР ТЭ КЭ ЭСО ЭТЦО ЭСО НООpОsЭ

НrТХХОН аОХХ ТЧ ЭСО аШrХН.” Mechanised versions of this system persisted until about 1970, using a cam to rapidly raise and drop what, by then, was a steel cable up to 3 mm.

In the 1970s, outside of the oil and gas industry, roller bits using mud circulation were replaced by the first pneumatic reciprocating piston Reverse Circulation (RC) drills, and became essentially obsolete for most shallow drilling, and are now only used in certain situations where rocks preclude other methods. RC drilling proved much faster and more efficient, and continues to improve with better metallurgy, deriving harder,

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more durable bits, and compressors delivering higher air pressures at higher volumes, enabling deeper and faster penetration. Diamond drilling has remained essentially unchanged since its inception.

1.When were the first drilling tools used?

2.What is the best mode of drilling?

discard – adjacent –

Using the Water Level

1. AЧМСШr ШЧО ОЧН ШП ЭСО ЭЮЛО Кs sСШаЧ. TСО ‘КЧМСШr’ МКЧ ЛО К ПОЧМО pШsЭ, wall, or any upright structure. The tube height should be similar to the height of the level line that you wish to create.

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2. Tape or clamp the tube above and below the waterline so that the tube between the mounts is vertical.

3.TШ ОЧsЮrО ЭСКЭ вШЮ КrО ЧШЭ ‘МКrrвТЧР’ ЭСО ЭЮЛО ШП аКЭОr ШПП ЭСО РrШЮЧН Лв accident, make sure that you keep the tube near the anchored upright on the ground. It helps to lay something across it, like a sand bag.

4.Move the other end of the tube around and measure vertically from the waterline to where you intend the level line to be (see images in the Construction section below). The 'level line' that you are marking could be the tops of fence posts, curtain rod ends, or lines on boats. It doesn't matter.

Warnings

1.Raising both ends of the tube, or raising one end of the tube so high that the tube is lifted off the ground will raise the water level on both ends. Go high enough and you'll overflow water out one end and have to start over. Keep one end on the ground as mentioned above. I prefer the anchored end. Since the volume of water in the line will not change, the water line on both ends will stay the same.

2.Do not move both ends of the water line. This is akin to raising the whole tube up and down. Although small movements of both ends are OK, raising both ends too much will carry the whole tube uphill and raise the water lines on both ends. Lowering both ends is OK. Try things out and see what I mean. The water level remains the same unless you 'carry' the water higher by moving the whole tube uphill.

3.Use a long tube. In most cases, using a long tube alone will prevent the two errors above.

http://www.glacierboats.com/tongass/waterlevel.html

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A grapple truck is a specially designed vehicle that features a retractable and often articulated arm with a grappling hook or jaw at one end for use in construction and sanitation purposes. These trucks are also often used in logging, since they are useful for grabbing items and transporting them over short distances. A grapple truck will often feature a payload area such as a bed or dump attachment, and the heavy or bulky items picked up with the grappling hook can then be loaded into the back of the truck for transport.

A loader and body system is a type of grapple truck that features the boom arm and payload area for transport. The arm is often mounted behind the cab of the truck, in between the cab and the container, though it can also be mounted at the rear of the truck behind the container or payload. The boom arm can reach out to either side of the truck, and a grapple or bucket can pick up the bulky items. Those items can then be loaded into the container for transport. This is one of the more common grapple truck models.

A variation on the loader and body system is the rolloff grapple loader, which also features a payload area. The container in this payload area, however, can be released from the chassis of the truck when full. This is done by using a cable system that moves the container, and an elevator system that will tip the container down toward the ground. This system allows an empty container to be loaded onto the grapple truck, and when that container is filled, it can be unloaded quickly and easily, then replaced with another empty container.

Rear-mounted grapple loader units are basically units solely mounted to a truck, rather than featuring the grapple and payload area. The grapple system can be operated with a larger operating area, meaning it can grab items to the rear of the truck as well as to the sides. This type of grapple truck must be used in conjunction with another vehicle such as a dump truck that can haul off the materials that are moved by the grapple.

In some cases, a trailer can be mounted to the rearmounted grapple truck to allow materials to be loaded into the trailer, but this again cuts down the effective area in which the grapple can operate because the rear of the truck will be blocked by the trailer.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-grapple-truck.htm

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