372

End of Table 8

Bibliography list for students` autonomous work [4, 7, 23].

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Checklist questions

1.Give the definition of an environment and external environment.

2.Why is widely used word combination “internal environment” wrong?

3.Give the definition of mobility of environment.

4.What is the complexity of environment defined by?

5.Give the definition of credit system of a country.

6.What are the specifics of external environment of direct and indirect influence?

7.Compile a glossary of terms, supported the sense-conveying components of lecture meaning orgraph.

8.Transform a part of lecture orgraph from tabular to graphic form.

9.What is the difference between SWOT and SNW analyses?

10.What is the difference between STEP and PEST analyses?

Lecture 9. ORGANIZATION AS AN AGREGATE

OF PROCESSES

A notion “process” means the transition of an object from one state to another made intentionally or incidentally under the influence of uncontrollable factors. The process could either natural or artificial and run differently.

The lecture plan of meaning orgraph is given in table 9.

End of Table 9

Checklist questions

1.What is the sense of supply activity in management?

2.What is the difference between the methods of purchasing subjects of labour?

3.What is the difference between the transit and warehouse ways of delivery?

4.What is the difference between statistical forecasting technique and expert forecasting technique?

5.Enumerate the stage of planning.

6.Give the definition of “research”, what is the purpose of doing researches?

7.Give the definition of an object and a subject of research. Give the example of object and subject of the research in statistics.

8.What is the difference between notions “designing” and “modernization”?

9.Give the definition of probability. Relate the notion of ambiguity and the notion of probability.

10.Relate the notion of periodicity of monitoring with the notion of object functioning ambiguity.

11.Give the definition of lifecycle. Give the example.

12.Give the definition of theory.

13.Give the definition of law. Give the example of law in the field of philosophy.

14.Give the example of theories and laws in the field of mathematics.

15.Give the example of theories and laws in the field of economics.

16.Compile a glossary of terms, supported the sense-conveying components of lecture meaning orgraph.

17.Transform a part of lecture orgraph from tabular to graphic form.

18.Identify nodes by means of Dewey`s notation.

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Lecture 10. MANAGEMENT PROCESSES

Management is an art like medicine or engineering, which has to rely on underlain science – concepts, theories, principles and methods.

Harold Koontz, President of International Academy of Management

The notion “management” is not formalized to the extent that it has complete and precise formal description. In a broad sense “management” is the function of a system aimed at either saving an aggregate of properties the loss of which leads to system ruining when means are changed or at implementing some program which ensure stability of system functioning, homeostasis, goal attainment.

As a process management is closely connected with the system of management (control), which has a certain management goal. So, for example, the goal of management is to increase the functioning efficiency of an object, the goal of tickets punching system is to provide passengers with tickets taking their needs into consideration; the goal of communication system is a reliable subscribers` service; the goal of healthcare system is increasing of longevity and so on. An object of management can be a machine, complex of machines, an individual or society.

By now there have been four most important approaches that made substantial contribution to the development of management theory as well as practice: the approach of defining different schools; processing approach; system approach; situational approach.

Within the first approach there are four schools distinguished: school of scientific approach, classical school (of business administration), school of human relationship and school of behavioral science and of management science (school of quantitative methods).

System approach is based on scientific representations of systems, developed by cybernetics, theory of big systems and others. It considered

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any object of management as a system composed of interrelated parts (subsystems), being a part of another system – external environment – from which necessary resources human, physical, information, finance) are received.

Situational approach assumes revealing a set of circumstances (situations) making substantial influence on organization performance at the point of time and taking measures to balance its internal parameters with the state of external environment. This approach is a new direction of situations analysis accompanied true management processes.

Processing approach considers manufacturing entity as interrelated interdependent complex of processes vital for satisfying this or that need through production of goods and services. Except well known standard functions of management there are processes of information transfer and exchange, as well as the process of decision-making and the processes of direct implementation of these decisions.

The lecture plan of meaning orgraph is given in table 10.

Таble 10

The lecture plan of meaning orgraph

End of Table 10

Bibliography list for students` autonomous work [3, 7, 30].

Checklist questions

1.Give the definition of the notion “management”.

2.Give the definition of the notion “structure”.

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3.What is the aim to introduce negative feedback into management system?

4.Give the definition of the notion “method”. What term is the synonym of the term “method”?

5.Give the example of different way to solve one and the same problem.

6.Give the example of solving the problem of duties allocation according to work type.

7.What is the sense of material encouragement?

8.What is the sense of management principles of Henri Fayol?

9.Characterize classical school of management.

10.Give the example of spatiotemporal model of objects behaviour.

11.What is the sense of system, situational, processing approaches?

12.Give the definition of the notion “procedure”.

13.Give the example of the situation classification result.

14.Give the definition of economics.

15.Explain the relationship of components of law of demand and law of supply.

Lecture 11. PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

To manage means to lead an organization to the goal taking maximum advantage of resources available.

H. Fayol

Process of management includes three stages. At the first stage management identifies actual availability of field personnel. At the second stage the rate of future needs (goal) is determined according to organizational changes and state of labour market. At the third stage the schemes of wants satisfaction are developed as well as criteria to select field personnel and reflection-time perspective. Success of organization is

40

closely connected with the progress of personnel – its training, further

training, studying at schools of leadership and management and retraining.

General and professional education gives necessary knowledge, skills and expertise.

Retraining contributes to enhancement of professional knowledge and skills.

Studying at schools of leadership and management gives necessary knowledge and helps to take top positions and forms leader`s career.

Retraining give the second education. The aim of retraining is to give workers an opportunity to master new major.

Personnel management is an independent kind of professional activity of a manager, the aim of which is:

P awareness of creative, engineering skills of employees; P efficient positioning of employees according to type of;

P development and implementation personnel selection policy; P elaboration of rules of employment and dismissal;

P issues connected with personnel training and retraining;

P creation of well organized, well managed team which is able to make decisions quickly and efficiently taking into account the current condition of external environment and state of organization. Team formation usually starts with the creation of temporary groups to solve problems of search nature.

The lecture plan of meaning orgraph is given in table 11.

Таble 11

The lecture plan of meaning orgraph

End of Table 11

Bibliography list for students` autonomous work [4, 6, 16, 18, 20].

Checklist questions

1.Clarify the technology of labour reserve planning.

2.Give the definition of the notion “test”. Cite an example.

3.What is the aim of the stage “personnel adaptation”?

4.Explain advantages and disadvantages of a lecture as a training technique.

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