Answer the questions:

l. How has man changed the earth? 2. Who is the cre­ator of the material and spiritual treasures of mankind? 3. What sources of energy did man discover and use in his life activi­ty? 4. When did the first industrial revolution begin? 5. What made man’s work easier and gave him time for creative work?6.When does science become a direct productive force of so­ciety? 7. What are the consequences of the scientific-techno­logical revolution? 8. What is the great progress of science il­lustrated by? 9. Did man use first energy of fire or atom? 10. The machine made a great contribution to the spread of information, didn’t it?

Exercises

I. Form words after the models and translate them into Ukrai­nian:

a) V + -ment: to move — movement

to achieve, to employ, to advance, to attach, to treat, to judge, to equip, to establish;

b) V + -ion (-tion, -ation): to recognize — recognition

to observe, to inform, to irrigate, to obliterate, to interpret, to react, to civilize, to construct, to invent, to contribute;

c) V + -er (-or): to weave — weaver

to create, to construct, to irrigate, to use, to produce, to discover, to invent, to build, to control, to observe, to contrib­ute, to give, to perform, to compute, to turn;

d) A + -al: historic — historical

electric, physic, mechanic, mathematic, technologic, scientific, electronic, automatic.

II. Form words with opposite meaning by adding the prefixes un-, dis-, im-, in-, ir- to the proper group of words:

regular, advantage, appear, important, usual, able, direct, possible, probable, progressive, productive, significant, limited, easy, qualified, natural, complete.

III. Translate the following words into Ukrainian and state their part of speech:

science — scientist — scientific — scientifically;

physics — physicist — physical — physically;

conduct — conductor — conductive — conductivity;

to discover — discoverer — discovery;

to consider — consideration — considerable — consider­ably;

to create — creator —creation — creative — creativity.

IV. Write and read the plural form of the following nouns:

instrument, ability, oil, shale, gas, sheep, energy, fish, loom, engine, deer, life, tooth, touch, phenomenon, force, apparatus, nucleus, datum, crisis, radius, analysis, thesis.

V. Read and explain the meaning of “s” in the following words:

roads, horizons, plants, reads, works, physics, looms, years, mathematics, weapons, cybernetics, opens, speaks, colours, scissors, trousers, electronics, news, mechanics.

VI. Read the following international words and give their Uk­rainian equivalents:

construction; civilization, irrigation, literature, prog­ressive, locomotive, machine, revolution, production, con­trol, contribution, introduction, correction, complex, source, horizon, role, constructive, destructive.

VII. Choose English equivalents of the following Ukrainian words:

галузь a number of

винахід wide

наука knowledge

широкий science

вчений branch

декілька (ряд) world

знання scientific

світ phenomenon

науковий scientist

явище achievement

досягнення invention

VIII.Arrange the following words in pairs according to:

a) similar meaning (synonyms): important, vast, beau­tiful, significant, large, unlimited, wonderful, limitless;

b) opposite meaning (antonyms): direct, simple, impos­sible, indirect, complex, difficult, possible, easy, unproduc­tive, to start, to ruin, to stop, productive, to build.

IX. Form and memorize the pronunciation of the Past Simple and the Past Participle of the following verbs:

to learn, to understand, to become, to put, to bring, to build, to find, to draw, to break, to found, to think, to know, to produce, to create, to start.