Singular forms of latin nouns (nominative and genitive cases)

Declension	1	2	3	4	5
Gender	f	m | n	m, f, n	m | n	f
Nominative case ending	-a	-us | -um -er | -on	different	- us | -u	-es
Genitive case ending	- ae	- i	- is	- us	- ei

Nouns pluralis

Declension	1	2	2	3	3	4	4	5
Gender	f	m	n	m, f	n	m	n	f
Nominative	-ae	-i	-a	-es	-a -ia(vow.t)	-us	-ua	-es
Genetive	-arum	-orum	-orum	um(cons.t) -ium	um(cons.t) -ium	-uum	-uum	-e

Adjectives pluralis

	1GROUP I SUPERLATIVE DEGREE		2 GROUP		COMPARATIVE DEGREE
Gender	m n	f	m f	n	m f	n
Nominative	-i -a	-ae	-es	-ia	-(or)es	-(or)a
Genetive	-orum	- arum	-ium	-ium	-(or)um	-(or)um

How to translate complex anatomical terms from english into latin

Step 1.

Analyze this term. If it has “of – combination” or not.

• All words before particle “OF” - are Nominative part of term (in Nominative case)

• All words after “OF” - are Genitive part (in Genitive case)

long veins of right atrium of heart

Nominative part – long veins

Genitive part 1 – (of) right atrium

Genitive part 2 – (of) heart

Step 2.

Analyze the position of every word in term. Determine main word and attribute words

• In English term in every part (both Nominative and Genitive) nouns are in the last place.

• If part of term has only one word – it is noun

• Every part of term has only one noun. Other words are adjectives

long veins of right atrium of heart

Nominative part – noun is “veins” // adjective is “long”

Genitive part 1– noun is “atrium” // adjective is “right”

Genitive part 2 - noun is “heart”

Step 3.

Make the scheme of structure of term. Determine number of each word

• 1. Noun in Nominative case

• 2. Adjective/adjectives in Nominative case

In Latin, adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in case and number, as well as gender.

• 3. Noun in Genitive case

• 4. Adjective/adjectives in Genitive case

S1 (veins) Nom.pl. - A1 (long) Gen.pl. - S2 (of atrium) Gen.sing. - A2 (of right) Gen.sing – S3 (of heart) Gen.sing

Step 4.

Find all words in dictionary in order of scheme. Write out them in full dictionary form.

S1 – vena, ae f 1d.

A1 – longus (m – 2d.), a (f – 1d.), um (n – 2d.) 1 gr

S2 – atrium, i n 2d.

A2 – dexter (m – 2d.), tra (f – 1d.), trum (n – 2d.) 1 gr.

S3 – cor, cordis n 3d.

Step 5.

Make the necessary form of each word

• Extract the stem in each word

• Add the correct ending (use the tables)

S1 – ven- + ae (Nom.plur. 1 d.) = venae

A1 – long- + ae (Nom.plur. 1d.) - as S1 is f, we will use f-form of adjective – longa = longae

S2 – atri- + i (Gen.sing. 2d.) = atrii

A2 – dextr- + i (Gen.sing. 2d.) - as S2 is n, we will use n-form – dextrum = dextri

S3 – cord- + is (Gen.sing. 3d.) = cordis

Step 6

Complete the answer in order of scheme