Mineralocorticoids main effects:

• Na⁺ channel reabsorbtion and K⁺ secretion activating;

• osmotic pressure, cells excitability and arterial pressure support;

• ionic transport in sweat and salivary glands and alimentary tract regulation;

• excessiveness symptoms – hypervolemia, hypertension, oedemas, hypopotassiumemia, alkalosis, arrhythmias, magnium and calcium secretion increasing;

• deficiency symptoms – hypovolemia, hypotension, hyperpotassiumemia, acidosis, arrhythmias, brain disorders, vasopressine excessiveness, digestion disturbances.

Adrenaline main effects:

• causes enforcement and frequenting of cardiac activity, improves excitement passage in heart;

• constricts arterioles in skin, abdominal organs and non-working muscles, increases arteriolar pressure;

• makes vasodialting action to heart coronary vessels, lungs vessels, brain vessels and the ones of working muscles;

• weakens contractions and secretion of stomach and small intestine, increases tone of alimentary tract sphincters;

• relaxes bronchial musculature as a result of which bronchi and bronchioles lumen is increased and pulmonary ventilation is increased;

• causes contraction of iris radial muscle that leads to pupils dilation;

• increases sensitivity of receptors particularly – of eye retina, auditory and vestibulary apparatuses;

• reduced sweat-releasing,activates thermogenesis.

Adrenaline metabolic effects;

Carbohydrate exchange - hyperglycemic effect:

• glucagon secretion activation;

• insuline secretion inhibiting;

• glycogenolysis in liver and muscles;

• gluconeogenesis activation in liver and muscles;

• glucose catching inhibiting in muscles, myocardium and fatty tissue.

Lipid exchange:

• triglycerollipase activation and lipolysis activation in fatty tissue;

• ketogenesis stimulation in liver;

• activates lipolysis;

• fatty acids and acetoacetic acid usage increasing as energy source in myocardium and kidney cortex, fatty acids – with skeletal muscles.

Somatotropine main effects:

• tissular growth factor activation;

• proteinic biosynthesis stimulation;

• hyperglycemia (glucagons secretion);

• liver insulinase activation;

• lipolysis stimulation (catecholamines);

• ketogenic effect.

Prolactine main effects:

• mammary glands growth;

• milk secretion;

• yellow body secretory activity stimulation;

• watery-salty metabolism regulation, vasopressine and aldosterone secretion stimulation;

• inner organs growth stimulation;

• maternal instinct realization;

• fat and protein synthesis increasing;

• hyperglycemia.

Thyreoid hormones functions:

• define normal growth, mental and physical development of organism; thyroid hormones accelerate organism development;

• control heat-production;

• control oxygen taking velocity in tissues;

• control respiratory center normal fucntion;

• heart contractions force and rate;

• increase beta-adrenoreceptors quantity in heart and skeletal muscle as well as in fatty tissue and lymphocytes

• increase erythropoietin formation in bone marrow and thus enforce erythropoiesis;

• stimulate alimentary tract peristalsis;

• activate synthesis of many structural proteins in organism;

• enforce watery and mineral exchange (mainly iodate) as well as regulate basal exchange;

• increase CNS excitability.

Parathormone functions

• regulates Ca, P and Mg homeostasis in organism with calcitonin and vitamin D;

• stimulates Ca and P coming from bone tissue to blood (makes hypercalciemic action);

• enforces Ca reabsorbtion in kidneys and its absorbtion in intestine;

• activates osteoclastes function (they cause bone tissue resorbtion and Ca ions exit from it).

Action result: Ca increasing and inorganic phosphate decreasing in blood.

Calcitonine functions (it is produced by thyroid C-cells):

• regulates Ca and P homeostasis in organism;

• inhibits activity of osteoclasts destroying bone tissue and activates functions of osteoblasts managing bone tissue formation;

• helps Ca and P passage from bone tissue to blood;

• decreases Ca and P level in organism at its increasing.