III. Read and translate the text:

TEXT A

Bread and baking

Bread in some form is eaten almost everywhere in the world. It is called “the staff of live” because it can go far in meeting people’s need for food – in supporting human life. (A staff is a long stick that is used for support walking.) After the word “bread” has taken on other special meanings. “Breaking bread” (sharing a meal) is a sign of friendship. “More bread!” (a demand for the basic necessities of life) has been the slogan of many revolutions.

Most North Americans and Europeans tend to think of bread as a food that is moist and crumbly on the inside and crusty on the outside. The bread has many different forms in Greece, for example, bread is often pita, wheat-flour bread that is simply a thin pocket of crust with a hollow inside. In Mexico, in common bread is a delicate cornmeal pancake known as a tortilla.

The breads of the world are two main kinds – flat and leavened. Flat breads are those such as the Greek pita and Mexican tortilla. They also include religious breads – the matzoth eaten by Jews during Passover and the wafers used in Communion in Christian churches.

Leavened breads are lighter than flat breads because they contain a rising. They include: white or whole wheat bread, rye bread, muffins, and rolls. There are many other bakery products that can be considered forms of bread, such as: cakes, cookies, crackers and pretzels.

In most of its forms, bread is an important source of carbohydrates, which provide energy and protein, which the body uses in building and repairing its cells. Most bread also contains B vitamins and some minerals.

VI Answer the questions:

1. Why bread is called “the staff of live?

2. What forms of bread are in different countries?

3. What are two main kinds of the world’s breads?

4. What are other bakery products?

5. What are vitamins in breads?

V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

1. The bread has many different forms in ___________, for example, bread is often pita, wheat-flour bread that is simply a thin pocket of crust with a hollow inside.

2. In Mexico, in common bread is a delicate cornmeal pancake known as ___________.

3.The breads of the world are two main kinds – _____________and leavened.

4. Flat breads are those such as the Greek pita and ____________________.

5.They also include religious breads – the matzoth eaten by _________ during Passover and the wafers used in Communion in Christian churches.

6.Leavened breads are lighter than flat breads because they contain ______________.

VI Make up sentences with the terms:

to share a meal; basic necessities of life; cornmeal pancake; flat bread; Christian church; leavened bread; to be lighter; whole wheat bread; rye bread; to provide energy and protein

VII Give definitions to the words:

a staff; a demand; moist; crumbly; crusty; muffins; rolls; carbohydrates

VIII Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:

flat bread; the Greek pita; Mexican tortilla; religious bread; the matzoth; Christian churches; leavened bread; to be lighter; to contain a rising; bakery products; source of carbohydrates; to provide energy and protein

IX Read and remember:

1.yeast bread – дрожжевой хлеб

2.the sponge method – метод брожжения

3.the straight-dough method –метод смешанного замешивания

4.flour –мука

5.to ferment –бродить

6.kneading the dough –месить тесто

7.the trapped gas – на медленном огне

8.kneading –месить

9.plunging a fist into the dough –погрузить кулак в тесто

10.preheated oven – предварительно разогретая духовка

11.to form into loaves – сформировать в форму булки

12.baking sheets – листы для выпечки

13.the shape of a gently sloping – покатой формы