- •3. What kind of style looks well on most figures?
- •II. Guess the meaning of the international words.
- •Design analysis
- •VI. Skim the text and answer the questions.
- •XI Read and remember:
- •XII Read the text and define the main idea of it:
- •Design in dress
- •XIII Make up sentences with the words.
- •XIV Define the Infinitive Constructions and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Unit 11 Cutting
- •IV Read and remember the following phrases:
- •V. Read and translate the text:
- •Cutting process
- •X. Answer the following questions.
- •XI Read and remember:
- •XII Read the text and define the main idea of it:
- •Electronic cloth cutting and laying-up
- •XIII. Translate into Russian paying attention to provided (that).
- •XIV. Give Russian equivalents to the word combinations.
- •XV. Change the sentences using the Absolute Participial Construction according to the model.
- •I. Answer the questions.
- •II. Guess the meaning of the word pressing and its derivatives:
- •III Read and remember the following words:
- •IV Read and remember the following phrases:
- •V. Read and translate the text:
- •Pressing
- •VI. Skim the text and answer the questions.
- •VII. Find antonyms of these words in the text.
- •IX. Pay attention to the meaning of the word wrong and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •X. Put tag questions according to the model.
- •XI Read and remember:
- •XII Read the text and define the main idea of it:
- •Steaming to shape
- •III. Read and translate the text:
- •Bread and baking
- •VI Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X Read the text and define the main idea of it:
- •Making yeast bread
- •XI Make up a plan of the text.
- •XII Translate the following sentences in a written form.
- •XIII Questions for discussion:
- •I Read and remember the following words:
- •II Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the text:
- •Methods of Cooking Meat
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •Methods of mixing dough
- •XI Make up a plan of the text.
- •XII Answer the questions:
- •XIII Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •III. Read and translate the text:
- •Food Preservation.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •VI Make up sentences with the terms:
- •VII Give definitions to the words and find their derivatives from the text:
- •VIII Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •IX Write down a paragraph which tells about terms of perishable goods keeping.
- •X Read and remember:
- •XI Read the text and define the main idea of it:
- •Freezing
- •III. Read and translate the text:
- •Methods of Food Preservation.
- •III Answer the questions:
- •IV Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •V Guess the meanings of the following words. Make up sentences with them.
- •VI Give definitions to the words and find their derivatives from the text:
- •VII Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •VIII Write down a paragraph which tells about chemical agents used for foodstuff preservation.
- •IX Read and remember:
- •X Read the text and define the main idea of it:
- •New methods of food preservation
- •XI Make up a plan of the text.
- •XII Translate the sentences in a written form.
- •XIII Questions for discussion:
- •I Read and remember the following words:
- •II Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the text:
- •Canning
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X Read the text and define the main idea of it:
- •The pressure canning method
- •XI Make up a plan of the text.
- •XII Translate the sentences in a written form.
- •XIII Questions for discussion:
Unit 10 Design analysis
I Answer the questions:
When does a garment look smart?
How must we judge any garment?
3. What kind of style looks well on most figures?
II. Guess the meaning of the international words.
Element, texture, principle, proportion, structure, monotony, balance, control, rhythm, harmony.
III Read and remember the following words and word combinations:
to page through просматривать, листать
to lack не хватать, испытывать недостаток
to judge судить, оценивать
oneness единство
to be in scale соответствовать
to achieve достигать, добиваться
IV. Give Russian equivalents to the word combinations.
To lack style, to be nicely related to a figure, to cut on good basic lines, a well-related quality, garment with excessive trimming, unequal amounts of colour, huge prints, placement of lines.
V. Read and translate the text:
TEXT A
Design analysis
As you page through a fashion magazine or look at clothes in stores and shop windows do you ever wonder why one garment looks smart while another lacks “style”? When you try clothes on just some of them fit you perfectly and many others don’t look right on you. This means that a garment must be judged in two ways: it should have fine design qualities, and, it should be nicely related to the figure. As a rule, simple styles cut on good basic lines look well on most figures.
The elements of any design are: lines, shapes, textures, colours. It goes without saying that all these elements should be taken into consideration. A design has unity when all these elements seem to belong together. Each element should express a similar idea of giving the design a well-related quality – a feeling of “oneness”.
The principle of proportion concerns the relationship that exists between shapes, sizes and amounts in a design. First, the design of every garment should be related to the structure and proportions of the body; second, every article in the costume should be in scale with the figure (no huge prints for a tiny girl, for example). Third, a design is more pleasing when unequal amounts of colour are used. Equal amounts of anything produce monotony.
The principle of balance controls the placement of lines and shapes and the distribution of colours in design.
The principle of rhythm controls the “eye movement” in a design. When lines, shapes, textures and colours are well organized, the eye movement is smooth.
All these principles help one to achieve harmony among the elements of a design.
VI. Skim the text and answer the questions.
What should each element of a design express?
What should the design of every garment be related to?
When is a design more pleasing?
What produces monotony in a design?
What gives harmony among the elements of a design?
What controls the placement of lines and shapes?
Should the neckline be related to the figure and face?
Is the outline of the skirt related to the size and height of a person?
VII. Find synonyms of the words in the text.
Form, texture, unity, dress, decoration.
VIII. Give derivatives of the following words.
Structure, similar, to relate, monotony, colour, shape.
IX. Fill in the blanks using the words from the text.
1. Any garment should be ... in two ways.
2. It should have fine ... qualities.
3. A dress should be nicely ... to the figure.
4. Any design should have a ...
5. A study of the ... of the lines on the costume is very important, because they form the basis of attractiveness.
6. The outline of a costume makes it either up-to-date or ...
X. Work as an interpreter. Translate into English using the active vocabulary of the text.
Что является основой конструкции любой одежды? Основу любой конструкции одежды составляют линии, формы, структура и цвет. Необходимо соблюдать строгое соотношение между формой и размерами. Каждая деталь в вашей одежде должна соответствовать вашей фигуре. Например, маленьким женщинам не рекомендуется носить ткани с крупным набивным рисунком. Существует несколько принципов создания единства в одежде: принцип пропорции, принцип равновесия и принцип ритма. Все они способствуют достижению гармонии между деталями одежды.