Describing trends in writing
English |
Ukrainian |
The chart is about ... |
дана діаграма про ... |
The bar chart deals with ... |
у гістограмі йдеться про ... |
The line graph clearly shows ... |
лінія графіку чітко демонструє ... |
The pie chart compares the ... |
а круговій діаграмі порівнюється ... |
The chart is divided into ... parts. |
діаграма поділена на ... частин. |
According to the graph ... |
згідно з графіком ... |
As it may be seen from the chart ... |
як бачимо з діаграми ... |
As the chart illustrates... |
як ілюструє діаграма... |
The graph presents data showing... |
на графіку представлені дані, що показують ... |
The chart plainly indicates that... |
діаграма чітко вказує на те, що ... |
As it is evident from the graph ... |
як бачимо з графіку ... |
It may be concluded from the chart that ... |
з діаграми робимо висновок про те, що... |
The graph provides strong evidence that ... |
графік надає переконливі дані того, що ... |
The chart neither proves nor refutes the contention that... |
діаграма, як не доводить, так і не спростовує твердження про те, що ... |
Comparative phrases |
Фрази порівняння |
The curve X is significantly / slightly / much larger / smaller / higher / lower than ... |
крива Х значно/ незначно / набагато більше / менше / вище / нижче, ніж ... |
There is a strong correlation between the X and the Y. |
існує сильна кореляція між X та Y |
The X and Y seem to be inversely correlated. |
X та Y здаються зворотно пропорційними |
Generalization |
Узагальнення |
a great deal more than |
набагато більше, ніж |
a way over |
набагато більше |
about |
близько |
almost |
майже |
approximately |
орієнтовно |
around |
близько |
far less than |
набагато менше, ніж |
well under |
помітно менше, ніж |
well over |
помітно більше, ніж |
somewhere in the region of |
десь орієнтовно |
slightly more than |
не набагато більше, ніж |
roughly |
приблизно |
just over |
трохи більше (ніж) |
just short of |
трохи менше (ніж) |
just under |
трохи менше (ніж) |
nearly |
близько |
nowhere near |
далеко до |
nothing like as much as |
нічого подібного по кількості |
not quite |
не зовсім так |
Other useful phrases |
Інші корисні вирази |
The number of X remains stable |
кількість X залишається стабільним |
The X is twice as big as the Y. |
X вдвічі більше, ніж Y. |
The X has the largest number of ... |
X має найбільшу кількість ... |
The Y has the second largest number of ... |
Y посідає друге місце за кількістю ... |
As can be seen from the chart, last year started on a positive note ... |
як бачимо з діаграми, минулий рік розпочався позитивно ... |
Initially |
спочатку |
At the beginning |
на початку |
There was a sharp fall during March |
у травні відбулося різке падіння |
Over the summer … was flat |
протягом літа ... залишався стабільним |
In mid April the prices started to rally strongly |
у середині квітня ціни почали стрімко зростати |
This was followed by |
за цим відбулося ... |
In March the consumer spending was up and was close to reaching a high again |
у травні споживчі витрати збільшились і наблизились до досягнення піку знов |
Over the last few months the market has advanced again |
за останні кілька місяців ринок знову просунувся вперед |
In autumn the market remained more or less unchanged, failing to break through the spring’s highs |
восени ринок залишався більш-менш таким само, не зумівши пробити весняний максимум |
It then fluctuated around this level |
потім він коливався в межах цього рівня |
Despite an overall increase, the … figures were characterized by a number of peaks and troughs over the … years |
незважаючи на загальний зріст, показники ... характеризувалися низкою злетів та падінь протягом … років |
It continued an upward trend with some fluctuations |
тренд продовжував зростати по висхідній з деякими коливаннями |
Over the period from … to … |
за період з ... по ... |
Recovered slightly |
дещо відновився |
Diverged significantly |
значно відрізнялись один від одного |
Changed very little |
незначно змінились |
Show an upward trend |
показує висхідний тренд |
Exercise 1. Fill in the correct word
a low point |
declined |
doubled |
drop |
from |
increased slightly |
recovered |
remained |
rising sharply |
sudden |
to |
were |
In January, gold sales _____________ about 200 million dirhams per month. In February they _____________ to Dhs 220 million, _____________ to a peak of 350 million dirhams in March. Over the next four months, sales _____________ steadily, reaching _____________ of 120 million dirhams in July. In August, there was a _____________ increase. Sales almost _____________, rising _____________ Dhs 120 million in July to Dhs 210 million in August. This was followed by a ____________ in September to Dhs 120 million. From September to October, sales _____________ from Dhs 120 million to Dhs 180 million. In October and November, sales _____________steady, and there was a small increase in December _____________ 190 million dirhams.
Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps with appropriate word in brackets
This report examines the changes in the total property crime rate and the break and enter rate between 2000 and 2007.
In 2000 the total property crime rate was 2500 offences per 100 000 population. Then the rate 1) rose …… (sharply/sharp) and reached 3800 in 2001. After a 2) ….. (moderate/moderately) fall in 2002, the rate started to 3) …… (increase/decrease) again and reached a 4) …… (peak/top) in 2003. However, after 5) …… (stabilizing/fluctuating ) for some months, the total property crime rate dropped 6) …… (considerably/considerable) throughout 2004 and the beginning of 2005. The rate stayed at about 2400 offences from mid-2005 7) …… (to/until) mid-2006 before 8) …… (decreasing/decrease) again.
In 2000 the break and enter rate was about 760 offences per 100 000 population. 9) …… (From/since) 2000 to 2003, there was a steady 10) …… (upward/downward)trend in the B rate. The rate 11) …… (reached/arrived) its highest point in 2003 and then 12)…… (showed/fell) a significant downward trend until mid-2005. After being stable for a few months, the rate continued to fall 13) …… (slightly/slight), dropping to around 780 in 2007.
The total property crime rate fluctuated from 2000 to 2003, whereas the break and enter rate showed a general upward trend. Both rates peaked in 2003, fell significantly until mid-2005, stabilized for some months and 14) …… (fell/grew) slightly during 2006 and 2007.
Exercise 3. Match the letters with the sentences
-
1. The market is showing some signs of growth.
2. The market is extremely volatile.
3. The pound slipped back against the dollar.
4. The Swiss franc is staging a recovery.
5. The yen lost ground slightly.
6. There’s been a dramatic downturn in the market.
7. There’s been an upsurge of interest in gold.
8. The share price bottomed out at 11 cents.
9. Gold peaked at €300 an ounce.
10. Profits will level off at around €10,000.
11. Sales hit an all-time low.
12. There hasn’t been much movement in the price of tin.
Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian
This graph shows the growth of the population in Canada from 2010 to 2016.
There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6pm.
The two pie charts illustrate the production of electricity in the US by source in 2015 and 2016.
The green graph shows the total growth of the population, the black one deals with the migrated people in Canada.
However, by 2015, this had declined to just 12.3%.
There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o’clock.
In 2011-2012 there was an enormous growth.
Hydroelectric power also declined over the same period, from 16% to less than 14%.
The graph shows the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day.
Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning and early evening periods.
APPENDIX
Appendix А
ВИМОГИ ДО НАПИСАННЯ РЕФЕРАТУ
1. Структура реферату
Реферат повинен містити:
титульний аркуш;
зміст;
перелік умовних позначень (за необхідності);
вступ;
основну частину;
висновки;
список використаних джерел (не менше п’яти);
додатки (за необхідності);
англо-український термінологічний словник (300 термінів);
резюме.
2. Вимоги до змісту реферату