Introduction (usually in present, could also be in present perfect or simple past tense):

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ... on ...

The goals of this study are to determine …

The primary purpose of this study is to determine …

This study is specifically concerned with the effect of … on …

This study is an initial attempt to investigate the relationship …

This study has two major purposes: (1) to investigate ... (2) to demonstrate …

The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of …

The major objective of this study is to …

The aim/topic/goal of the present paper is to …

This thesis discusses/describes/analyses/studies/focuses on/deals with …

This study/research/survey was aimed at developing/improving/testing …

The project was designed to …

Materials and Methods (in past tense):

This study was conducted in North Karelia / at North Karelia Polytechnic.

The empirical part of this study was conducted in May 2000.

Data for this study/research were collected/gathered from/by/through/with the help of/among …

The subjects of this study were …

The subjects were randomly selected.

The sample was selected from …

Twenty companies served as subjects in a study designed to investigate …

Six groups, each consisting of …, were formed to …

Twenty companies were selected for this investigation.

Using local and national data, this study was designed to investigate.

This questionnaire investigated how companies view their …

A questionnaire was distributed/mailed/sent to …

Respondents filled in a form/indicated their preferences/rated each item

The response rate was …

Interviews were conducted by/with …

The interviews were recorded on audiotape

Conclusions (in simple present or past tense):

These results suggest that …

The results show that/reveal …

It was concluded that …

This study/survey shows/supports/questions/implies/indicates …

On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that …

The results provide some support for …(ing)…

The results did not support the expectations that …

These data support the view that …

Here is an example of an informative abstract with the key parts identified

Abstract

Key parts

The study is focused on the problem of formation and development of teachers’ professional skills in the system of education in England. The author has given historical premises for the formation of contemporary teacher training system. It has been found that teacher education in England has deep traditional roots. It has been investigated that modern English educational model of teacher training became possible as the result of evolution of the teacher education system of England. The analysis is given to the organization and structure of modern higher and postgraduate teacher training as the bases for formation of professional teacher skills. It is shown that teacher education is a complex dynamic system, contents, forms and methods of work at every stage of teacher’s professional skills formation being revealed. The author has carried out the analysis of the educational experience procedure within the mechanism of the future teacher’s training, has exposed its objects, structure and contents. The main tendencies, influencing the aims and contents of teacher education, have been thoroughly investigated. In the course of this research the analysis is given to the structure and activity of the postgraduate system of education, its main goals and directions being exposed. The results of this study give the possibility of their creative use in organization of professional teacher training and educational process in teacher training institutions and universities. Key words: professional skills, system of higher education in England, professional training, methods and forms of education

introduction purpose method results conclusion

Exercise 1. Match the words (1-5) with their Ukrainian equivalents (A-H)

1. manuscript a. анотація

2. authority b. тези

3. copyright c. стаття

4. abstracts d. авторське право

5. article e. рукопис

6. guidelines f. повідомлення

7. notification g. керівництво

8. abstract h. авторство

Exercise 2. Fill in the correct preposition from the list below. Then translate word combinations from English into Ukrainian

under with of to for about at

1. to obtain the necessary authority … publication

2. to communicate … the presenting author

3. to be notified … the submission

4. to be replaced … the new submitted full paper

5. to be registered … the full rate

6. to present abstracts … the conference

7. notification … full paper acceptance

Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps

demand investigate tips conclusion used thesis presented abstracts hopes headings

The aim of this thesis is to __________ and identify the present status of abstract writing in English for bachelor’s and master’s theses at the UAS Wildau, and to make recommendations for students who are required to produce _________ in English.

In the first part, results of a short empirical survey of the university faculties and degree programs are ___________. These show that there is growing __________ for student abstracts in English, but at present students receive very little guidance in this matter.

The _________ then identifies the uses of an English abstract, and further outlines the structure of an abstract. In a detailed central section the thesis provides students with useful practical _________ on the language of abstracts, including rules for creating __________ and titles, and giving lists of phrases and vocabulary that are commonly _________ in abstracts. Here, the thesis draws on a number of sources from other universities and books on academic writing in English.

In ____________, the thesis argues that abstract writing in English is essential but that students should not be expected to be able to write good abstracts without assistance. This thesis __________ to offer all UAS Wildau students useful tips on writing abstracts in English, and thus make a small contribution to improving the general standard of bachelor’s and master’s theses.

Exercise 4. Match the sentences (1-10) with their Ukrainian equivalents (A-J)

1. Цей метод використовується в дослідженнях рівня інфляції.	a. The design and operating conditions of the device are discussed.
2.Проводилось ретельне вивчення цього явища.	b. The advantages of the method are outlined.
3.Обговорюються отримані дані та особливо враховується їх практичне застосування.	c. Preliminary data have been obtained.
4. Встановлено (показано) наявність двох рівнів.	d. The existence of two levels has been established.
5. Обговорюються конструкція та робочі характеристики приладу.	e. A thorough study of the phenomenon was made.
6. Розроблено новий метод обробки товарів.	f. Construction details and performance measurements are reported.
7. Описано деталі конструкції та результати дослідження робочих характеристик.	g. It was concluded (a conclusion was made) that the changes in the spectra depend on the thermal treatment о the samples.
8. Описано переваги цього методу.	h. The findings are discussed and special account is taken of their practical implication.
9. Зроблено висновок про те, що зміна спектру залежить від термічної обробки зразків.	i. A new technique has been developed for handling of goods.
10. Отримано попередні дані.	j. The method is used (finds use) in the studies on inflation rate.

Exercise 5. Translate into English

1. Нам перекладати цю статтю у письмовій формі?

2. Інженери проводили експеримент від жовтня, коли вирішили замінити деякі деталі.

3. Чи надрукують вашу статтю в цьому науковому журналі?

4. Вони могли б досягти гарних результатів у своїх дослідженнях.

5. Мій науковий керівник говорить, що я повинен вивчити англійську і я змушений це робити.

6. У статті виявлено позитивні та негативні тенденції у формуванні фахової іншомовної комунікації студентів-логістів.

7. Аспіранти продовжили перекладати свої тексти з макроекономіки.

8. Я пам’ятаю, що наш керівник брав участь у переговорах з австрійськими колегами.

9. Здивовані результатами випробування, дослідники вирішили не доводити його до руйнування зразка.

10. У статті проаналізовано фактори, що впливають на розвиток і розширення англомовних транспортних термінів.