Ways of communication the main methods of bussiness communications.

Read the following text about communication modes. Before reading

analyse the words in italics – define the part of speech and do the translation.

The first major communication mode is the written word. In writing,

the prime rule is to keep everything short and simple: the words, the

sentences, and the ideas. It is never right to impress.

Too many managers seem to feel a need to pepper their prose with long, little-understood words. If everyone wrote the way they spoke, management reports would be brighter and probably clearer, even though they would sometimes be less polite or less grammatical.

Simple punctuation too should be the aim: good punctuation helps understand information, incorrect punctuation usually makes bad writing worse. Given clearer and simpler writing, the manager will be able to rea better, our lives become easier and our decisions potentially wiser, because our information will be more complete.

The other main communication mode is the spoken word. Most of us find little difficulty in talking to each other. It is only when talking becomes “speaking” that it becomes difficult. But speaking in public is unnecessarily feared. As long as we recognize the large amount of preparation needed and have something to say, these fears can be reduced.

Anyone can learn to speak at least adequately in public. To be a brilliant

speaker is a big problem. The best way of getting a message across in speech is to be natural; not to read a script, but to speak just from notes.

“Thinking on the feet” is the recommended approach, but to speak without any notes at all is stupid. A speaker must watch his audience – a thing no writer can do – and adjust the presentation of his message to the visible reactions of the audience.

But written and spoken words are not the only ones. A newspaper picture can often speak louder than any commentary. And what about diagrams, numbers and different visual aids?

REFRESH YOUR MEMORY

There are four forms of any verb except modal verbs.

They are:

I II III IV

Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Present Participle

to use used used using

to write wrote written writing

Exercise 1. Translate the following word combinations into the Russian Language.

A

1)a smiling child …………………………………………….

2) an increasing interest ……………………………………………….

3) the falling bodies …………………………………………………...

4) running water ………………………………………………………

5) a thinking man ……………………………………………………..

6) a boy standing near the door………………………………………..

7) people discussing the news ………………………………………..

8) a crying girl …………………………………………………………

B

9) the written word ……………………………………………………

10) the spoken word …………………………………………………..

11) books read by our student …………………………………………

12) the recommended approach ……………………………………….

13) houses built ……………………………………………………….

14) installed equipment ………………………………………………

15) little-understood words …………………………………………….

C

16) The main rule is to keep everything short and simple.

………………………………………………………………………..

17) Never try to impress. ………………………………………………..

18) Many managers feel a need to pepper their speech…………………..

…………………………………………………………………………

19) To be a brilliant speaker is a big problem. …………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………..

20) The best way in communication is to be natural, not to read but to speak

just from notes. ………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………..

D

21) in writing …………………………………………………………………………

22) a way of speaking ………………………………………………………………..

23) thinking on the feet ……………………………………………………………….

24) little difficulty in talking to each other ……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………..

25) the best way of getting a message …………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………….

26) Speaking in public is sometimes difficult. ………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………...................

WHERE DO YOU GET YOUR INFORMATION FROM?

Look at the TABLE below. Which of the forms given in the table do you like using?

COMMUNICAT IO NS	External	Advertising	1. TV
			2. radio
			3. newspapers
			4. posters, leaflets, brochures
	Internal and External	Verbal (spoken word)	5.personal contacts
			6.telephone/mobile phones
			7. negotiations
			8. meetings
			9. interviews
			10. presentations
		Verbal (written word)	11. memos
			12. minutes
			13. notices
			14. reports
			15. letters
	External	Telecommunications and Post Office Services	16. telephone
			17. telex
			18. computers
			19. letters
			20. postal services

A GOOD COMMUNICATOR

A.What makes a good communicator? Choose the three most important factors.

1. fluency in the language 5. a sense of humour

2. an extensive vocabulary 6. grammatical accuracy

3. being a good listener 7. not being afraid of making mistakes

4. physical appearance 8. an awareness of body language

B.Which words below apply to good communicators? Which apply to bad ones?

(use a dictionary to know the meaning of the words, if necessary)

articulate fluent coherent hesitant eloquent reserved

focused inhibited extrovert persuasive rambling

responsible

succinct

sensitive

C.Complete this talk by a communication expert with the verbs from the box.

listen		digress		interrupt		explain		engage
	clarify		confuse		ramble

Good communicators really …(1)… to people and take in what is said.

They maintain eye contact and have a relaxed body language, but they seldom …(2)… and stop people talking. If they don’t understand and want to …(3)….

something they wait for s suitable opportunity.

When speaking, effective communicators are good at giving information.

They do not …(4)… their listener. They make their points clearly. They will avoid technical terms, abbreviations or jargon, if they do need to use unfamiliar terminology they …(5)… by giving an easy to understand example. Furthermore,

although they may …(6)… and leave the main point to give additional information

and details where appropriate, they will not …(7)… and lose sight of their main

message. Really effective communicators who have the ability to …(8)… with colleagues, employees, customers and suppliers are a valuable asset for any business.

Task 1. For a good communicator the following characteristics might be important.

Read the following word combinations and do the translation.

The definitions below can help you do the task.

1. articulate speech …………………………………………………………

2. coherent answer …………………………………………………………..

3. eloquent silence …………………………………………………………..

2. fluent language ………………………………………………………..,,,

3. long pauses ………………………………..………...………………

4. focused person ………………………………………………………….

5. angry voice …………………………………………………………..

6. hesitant voice ..………………………………………………………..

7. friendly person .………………………………………………………….

8. clearly expressed speech ……………………………………………………….

9. persuasive document ………………………………………………………….

10. rambling monologue .…………………………………..………….……….

11. responsive person ...……………………………………………………..

12. sensitive person . ……………………….………………………………

13. succinct style ………………………………………………………….

14. tongue-tied person ………...……………………………………………….

1.	articulate (adj)	a.	able to talk easily, clearly and effectively about things, especially difficult subjects
		b.	writing or speech that is articulate is very clear and easy to understand even if the subject is difficult
2.	inhibited (adj)	Not confident or relax enough o do or say what you want to
3.	coherent (adj)		easy to understand because the information is presented
			in an orderly and reasonable way
4.	fluent (adj)	able to speak a language very well
5.	focused (adj)	paying careful attention to what you are doing in a way that shows you are determined to succeed
6.	hesitant (adj)	uncertain about what to do or say because you are nervous or unwilling
7.	eloquent (adj)	a.able to express your ideas and opinions well
		b. showing a feeling or meaning without words
8.	persuasive (adj)	good at influencing other people to believe or do what you want
9.	rambling (adj)	a.	a building that is rambling has an irregular shape and
			covers a large area
		b.	speech or writing that is rambling is very long and does not have any clear organization or purpose
10.	responsive (adj)	a.	ready to react in a useful or helpful way
		b.	willing to give answers or show your feelings about something
11.	sensitive (adj)	a.	able to understand other people’s feelings and problems
		b.	easily hurt, upset or offended by things that people say
		c.	able to understand or express yourself through art, music, literature etc
		d.	a situation or subject that is sensitive needs to be dealt with very carefully because it may offend people or make them angry.
12.	succinct (adj)	clearly expressed in a few words
13.	tongue-tied (adj)	unable to speak easily to other people, especially because you feel embarrassed