- •Учебное пособие для магистрантов и аспирантов исторического факультета
- •Part I module I Text one
- •The End of the Middle Ages. A Century of Paradox
- •It is (was)... Who (that, when ...)
- •Text two
- •Text three
- •The Age Of “Compromise”
- •Text four
- •1. Read the text.
- •Commentary
- •Module II Text one
- •The Principle of Federalism
- •Answer the following question.
- •Give the examples of
- •Text two The Principle of National Interest
- •Read the text and translate it.
- •Characterize the American political system and compare it with the English one. Text three The British Tradition of Federalism: Framework of Analysis
- •Text four
- •Read the article. The Tongue Twisters
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Module III text one
- •The Twilight of British Imperialism
- •Text two
- •Read the text. Give the main points of the text in a few sentences. The Decline of the British Empire
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Text three
- •Read the text. Translate the following text into Russian. Compare your translation with the key. Britain Revealed
- •Text four
- •Write out the pronunciation of the following geographical names and practise them.
- •Write short essays on the following issues.
- •Module IV text one
- •Read and tell your classmates the gist of the text. History and Historiography
- •Answer the following questions to check how carefully you have read the text.
- •Text two
- •Translate the text without a dictionary. Discuss the text. Make a summary of the text.
- •Summarize the text in a paragraph of about 200 words. Text three
- •Translate in writing the text.
- •Speak on one of the topics.
- •Text four
- •Translate in writing the text.
- •Write an essay of about 200 words or speak on any non-Western historiography. Text five
- •From Tax Audits to Poetry
- •Module V text one
- •Read the text and find important ideas. Civilization
- •Answer the following questions to check how well you have read the text:
- •You have a list of opinions and a list of philosophers. Match the opinion to the philosopher who held it.
- •Text two
- •Text three
- •What is Philosophy?
- •Text four
- •Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary. State
- •Answer the following questions to check how well you have read the text:
- •Complete the sentences:
- •Module VI text one
- •Governmental Structures
- •Text two
- •Monarchy
- •Text three
- •Text four
- •Oligarchy
- •Text five
- •Democracy
- •Text six
- •Read the text. Constitutional Government
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Decide whether the following statements are true or false:
- •Text seven
- •Module VII text one
- •Terrorism
- •Text two
- •Text three
- •Hail Caesar
- •Text four
- •Great Britain minus Scotland?
- •Read the text and discuss the following questions in your group.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Part II keys The British Tradition of Federalism: Framework of Analysis
- •Britain Revealed
- •The British Monarchy
- •Англия Без Шотландии?
- •References
- •Contents
Text two
Translate in writing the following text into Russian.
Religion is invariably theistic. It involves belief in a personal, living, and spiritual God, distinct from the world that he has created as the human mind is felt to be distinct from what it knows. Various forms of theism exist, however. The Old Testament shows a progress from henotheism (belief that the community must be loyal to one god only) to monotheism (belief that this god is the one and only God). Other forms of theism are polytheism, belief in many gods, which includes usually at least a vague apprehension that the many are aspects of one; pantheism, the belief that God is simply all things in the universe (although this type of belief is historically a philosophical idea rather that a religious belief); and panentheism, the belief that every creature is an appearance or manifestation of God, who is conceived of as the divine actor playing at once the innumerable parts of humans, animals, plants, stars, and natural forces.
Religion is therefore communal faith in and conformity to the pattern that thought discovers, or has revealed to it, as the will or commandment of the intelligence behind the world. The community binds itself to this pattern as its rule of life consisting of three elements – the creed, the code, and the cult. Creed is faith in the revealed pattern and in the divine intelligence that gave it. Code is the divinely sanctioned and authorized system of human laws and morals comprising the rules of active participation in society. Cult is the ritual of worship, or symbolic acts, whereby the community brings its mind into accord with the mind of God, either by ceremonial dances or dramatic reenactments of the deeds of God, or by sacrificial meals held in common between God and his people. It is from this last-mentioned type of cult that, for example, the Christian Mass or communion service is derived.
Text three
Read the text and give the main points in a few sentences.
Hail Caesar
Most famous of Romans, Julius Caesar, shown on a silver denarius, spurred Rome’s transition from a disintegrating republic to a dominant empire. After his assassination in 44 B.C., his name became an official title for supreme ruler.
For a couple of decades now the leaders or Europe have been struggling to implement a revolutionary and furiously controversial concept: a single European currency. Governments have fallen, fists have flown, and bitter curses have been exchanged in a variety of Romance and Germanic languages over this visionary idea. So explosive are the politics of the proposed Euro that some say the notion of a single coinage for so many different peoples is an impossible dream.
Or is it? For there was a time – measured not in decades but in centuries – when a single currency, a single code of laws, a single army, and a single emperor held sway over a vast swath of the Western world, including the heart of Europe, a large chunk of western Asia, and the northern tier of Africa, from the Atlantic to the Dead Sea. This was the Roman Empire, which pacified and unified the entire Mediterranean rim – a signal achievement in the sheer art of governing. Long before anybody thought of automobiles, airplanes, or e-mail, the emperors efficiently maintained their famous Pax Romana over a 3,000-mile-wide territory that today includes parts of more than 40 different nations. They did it with a genius for organization and a tolerance for cultural diversity that was interrupted now and then by bursts of utter ruthlessness.
For a Roman tribune, trader, or tax collector traveling the 53,000 miles of paved road that spanned the empire in the third century A.D., a little problem like common coinage for 15 Western European countries would have seemed trivial. For some 50 million people back then, from the palmy seat of the Pyramids to the frosty moors of southern Scotland, the Roman denarius was accepted as coin of the realm. Still is, in a sense. When I visited the Musee National du Bardo in Tunis to see its Roman coins, I paid the admission fee for this exhibit of the denarius in Tunisian dinars.