- •Часть 1
- •Часть 1
- •Preface (Предисловие)
- •Part one: conversational and grammar topics
- •1. 4Th year 7th term
- •1.1. Sources of modern law
- •1.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •1.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •1.2. Branches of law
- •1.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •1.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •1.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •1.3. Constitutional law
- •1.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •1.4. Grammar: System of Verb Tenses (Active and Passive Voice)
- •1.4.1 Look at the table to see how the forms of the verb predicate change in each tense group in the Active and Passive.
- •Simple, Continuous and Perfect Forms with Modal Verbs
- •1.4.2 Change the voice of the verbs in bold type.
- •1.4.3 Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the tense and voice forms of the verb predicate.
- •2. 4Th year 8 th term
- •2.1. Contract law
- •2.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •2.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •2.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •2.2. Property law
- •2.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •2.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •2.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •2.3. Company law
- •2.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •2.3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •2.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •2.4. Grammar: The Sequence of Tenses. Direct and Reported Speech
- •Changing time expressions and other words
- •Reported and Indirect Questions
- •Reporting Commands and Requests
- •Using Say – Tell – Ask
- •2.4.1 Change the following from Direct into Reported Speech.
- •2.4.2 Turn the following into indirect questions. Omit question marks where necessary.
- •3. 5Th year 9 th term
- •3.1. Criminal law
- •3.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •3.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •3.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •3.2. Tort law
- •3.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •3.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •3.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •3.3. Family law
- •3.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •3.3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •3.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •3.4. Grammar: The Infinitive Forms of the Infinitive
- •The Infinitive without ‘to’
- •3.4.1 Turn the following Present Infinitives into their Continuous and Perfect forms.
- •3.4.2 Fill in the correct form of the infinitives in brackets.
- •The Infinitive Constructions
- •3.4.3 Identify the Infinitive construction and translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •4. 5Th year 10 th term
- •4.1. International law
- •4.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •4.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •4.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •4.2. Formation, aims and enlargement of the european union
- •4.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •4.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •4.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •4.2.4 Copy the following table into your notebooks. Read the text again. While reading, fill in the events.
- •4.3. The principal institutions of the eu
- •4.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •4.3.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian using a dictionary.
- •4.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •4.4. Grammar: The Gerund Forms of the Gerund
- •4.4.1 Turn the following gerunds into their passive and perfect forms.
- •4.4.2 Complete the following sentences with the Gerunds from the table.
- •Constructions with the Gerund
- •4.4.3 Translate the following sentences paying attention to the constructions with the Gerund.
- •5. 6Th year 11th term
- •5.1. Human rights
- •5.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •5.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.2. Universal declaration of human rights
- •5.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •5.2.3 Match the following provisions of the udhr on the left to their Russian equivalents on the right.
- •5.2.4 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.3. The united nations organisation
- •5.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.3.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian using a dictionary.
- •5.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.4. The international court of justice
- •5.4.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.4.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian using a dictionary.
- •5.4.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.5. Grammar: The Participle Forms of the Participle
- •5.5.1 Turn the following Infinitives into Participles.
- •5.5.2. Translate the following world combinations into Russian.
- •5.5.3 In the following sentences identify the Participles and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Constructions with the Participle
- •5.5.4 Identify the Participial constructions and translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •6. 6Th year 12th term
- •6.1. Terrorism
- •6.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •6.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •6.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •6.2. Interpol
- •6.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •6.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •6.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •6.3. Globalization
- •6.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •6.3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •6.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •6.4. Grammar: Linking Words
- •6.4.2 Join the following sentences using the linking words in brackets. Make as many sentences as there are linking words.
- •Bibliography
- •Содержание
- •Часть 1
1.4.2 Change the voice of the verbs in bold type.
1) Many continental countries with Roman-law systems have codified much of their law.
2) In Roman-law countries the statutes, not the courts, provide the final answer to any question of law.
3) In Roman-law countries judges must base every decision on a particular statute, not on precedent alone.
4) Public law in these countries has been greatly influenced by common-law principles.
5) Such relations involve everything from borrowing or lending money to buying a home or signing a contract.
6) Inheritance law also sets the rules for making wills.
7) Company law governs the formation and operation of business corporations or companies.
8) Сitizens’ rights are better guaranteed by a written than an unwritten constitution.
9) If Public Bills are enacted by Parliament, they will affect the public as a whole.
10) Private Bills may be passed by Parliament but do not change the law for everyone. They only affect individuals.
11) Common law was developed by the judges in the 12th and 13th centuries to form a law which was uniform or common throughout England and Wales.
12) Rules and regulations are made by government ministers or departments by way of delegated legislation.
1.4.3 Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the tense and voice forms of the verb predicate.
1) Judges may refer to precedents in making their decisions.
2) Private law deals with the rights and obligations people have in their relations with one another.
3) The Constitution refers to the President as the Chief Executive of the State.
4) The bill has already been debated for two hours.
5) The common law offences had been codified by 1986.
6) The police are investigating the latest robbery.
7) Certain changes to the United Kingdom law will be enacted soon as a result of the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights.
8) Common law, the ancient law of the land, has never been precisely defined or codified.
9) A Bill of Rights sets out the rights of individuals, such as freedom of the person, freedom of religion and speech, freedom from discrimination. In England and Wales this is done in the Human Rights Act 1998 which incorporates the European Convention on Human Rights.
10) Case law is important in common law jurisdictions, because the law of the country is not fully written down in a code but has been largely developed by decisions in past cases.
11) The European Union law has been an increasingly important source of law in England and Wales since the United Kingdom joined the EU in 1973.
12) Statutory interpretation is the process by which judges have to decide the meanings of words and phrases in Acts of Parliament or other legislation.
2. 4Th year 8 th term
2.1. Contract law
2.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
contract – контракт, договор
enforceable contract – контракт, имеющий исковую силу
terms of contract – условия договора
breach of contract – нарушение контракта
to be in breach of contract – нарушить контракт
contractor = party to a contract – контрагент, сторона в договоре
party in breach – сторона, нарушившая контракт
injured party – пострадавшая сторона
transaction – операция, сделка
offer – оферта (предложение)
acceptance – акцептирование оферты (принятие предложения)
intention – намерение
capacity – (право)способность, дееспособность
award – решение суда в гражданских делах
remedy – средство судебной защита, средство защиты права
loss = injury = damage = harm – ущерб
damages (pl) = monetary compensation – возмещение убытков; денежная компенсация
specific performance – постановление суда о выполнении условий договора
injunction – судебный запрет
plaintiff – истец
defendant – ответчик
to be entitled to do sth – иметь право на что-либо
to comply with – выполнять