- •Часть 1
- •Часть 1
- •Preface (Предисловие)
- •Part one: conversational and grammar topics
- •1. 4Th year 7th term
- •1.1. Sources of modern law
- •1.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •1.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •1.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •1.2. Branches of law
- •1.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •1.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •1.3. Constitutional law
- •1.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •1.4. Grammar: System of Verb Tenses (Active and Passive Voice)
- •1.4.1 Look at the table to see how the forms of the verb predicate change in each tense group in the Active and Passive.
- •Simple, Continuous and Perfect Forms with Modal Verbs
- •1.4.2 Change the voice of the verbs in bold type.
- •1.4.3 Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the tense and voice forms of the verb predicate.
- •2. 4Th year 8 th term
- •2.1. Contract law
- •2.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •2.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •2.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •2.2. Property law
- •2.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •2.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •2.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •2.3. Company law
- •2.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •2.3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •2.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •2.4. Grammar: The Sequence of Tenses. Direct and Reported Speech
- •Changing time expressions and other words
- •Reported and Indirect Questions
- •Reporting Commands and Requests
- •Using Say – Tell – Ask
- •2.4.1 Change the following from Direct into Reported Speech.
- •2.4.2 Turn the following into indirect questions. Omit question marks where necessary.
- •3. 5Th year 9 th term
- •3.1. Criminal law
- •3.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •3.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •3.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •3.2. Tort law
- •3.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •3.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •3.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •3.3. Family law
- •3.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •3.3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •3.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •3.4. Grammar: The Infinitive Forms of the Infinitive
- •The Infinitive without ‘to’
- •3.4.1 Turn the following Present Infinitives into their Continuous and Perfect forms.
- •3.4.2 Fill in the correct form of the infinitives in brackets.
- •The Infinitive Constructions
- •3.4.3 Identify the Infinitive construction and translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •4. 5Th year 10 th term
- •4.1. International law
- •4.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •4.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •4.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •4.2. Formation, aims and enlargement of the european union
- •4.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •4.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •4.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •4.2.4 Copy the following table into your notebooks. Read the text again. While reading, fill in the events.
- •4.3. The principal institutions of the eu
- •4.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •4.3.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian using a dictionary.
- •4.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •4.4. Grammar: The Gerund Forms of the Gerund
- •4.4.1 Turn the following gerunds into their passive and perfect forms.
- •4.4.2 Complete the following sentences with the Gerunds from the table.
- •Constructions with the Gerund
- •4.4.3 Translate the following sentences paying attention to the constructions with the Gerund.
- •5. 6Th year 11th term
- •5.1. Human rights
- •5.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •5.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.2. Universal declaration of human rights
- •5.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •5.2.3 Match the following provisions of the udhr on the left to their Russian equivalents on the right.
- •5.2.4 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.3. The united nations organisation
- •5.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.3.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian using a dictionary.
- •5.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.4. The international court of justice
- •5.4.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.4.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian using a dictionary.
- •5.4.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.5. Grammar: The Participle Forms of the Participle
- •5.5.1 Turn the following Infinitives into Participles.
- •5.5.2. Translate the following world combinations into Russian.
- •5.5.3 In the following sentences identify the Participles and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Constructions with the Participle
- •5.5.4 Identify the Participial constructions and translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •6. 6Th year 12th term
- •6.1. Terrorism
- •6.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •6.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •6.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •6.2. Interpol
- •6.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •6.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •6.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •6.3. Globalization
- •6.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •6.3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •6.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •6.4. Grammar: Linking Words
- •6.4.2 Join the following sentences using the linking words in brackets. Make as many sentences as there are linking words.
- •Bibliography
- •Содержание
- •Часть 1
4.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
1) Why was the European Union founded?
2) What are its main institutions? How are political responsibilities shared among them?
3) What are the membership, representation and functions of the Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice?
4) Why was the Court of First Instance attached to the Court of Justice?
5) What additional institutions have been created as the European Union has grown larger?
4.4. Grammar: The Gerund Forms of the Gerund
|
Active |
Passive |
Present
Perfect |
dealing
having dealt |
being dealt
having been dealt |
4.4.1 Turn the following gerunds into their passive and perfect forms.
Involving, concerning, considering, deciding, referring, creating, applying, regulating, supporting, coexisting, incorporating, establishing, accommodating, entering, concluding, binding, possessing, enhancing;
4.4.2 Complete the following sentences with the Gerunds from the table.
dealing (with) (when) deciding (in) interpreting (in) joining, (of) padding |
(without) being adopted leaving (after) starting being addressed (of) ensuring. |
If the English courts are uncertain … a piece of European legislation they can, and sometimes must, refer it to the European court of Justice for interpretation.
… the European Communities in 1973, the UK agreed to apply and be bound by community law.
… civil cases that involve a foreign element, private international law considers foreign laws within a particular country.
Unlike other forms of international law, EEC law is capable … directly into national law.
Directives are binding on Member States as to the result to be achieved, … each Member State a choice about the method used to achieve that result.
… the legality of the contract of sale of some property in France, any English court must consider French law.
EEC law is applicable in the UK … by an act Parliament.
The Ombudsman is in charge … good practice in the administration of the community institutions.
… as a series of economic agreements between six nations in 1950s, community law now has direct authority in the social and economic affairs of many countries.
10) … to any or all member states, to companies, or individuals the EU decisions are binding only on the recipient.
Constructions with the Gerund
Noun/object pronoun + Gerund or |
The law having been adopted was quite unexpected for all. |
То, что закон был принят, было неожиданно для нас. |
Possessive noun/possessive pronoun + Gerund |
Professor Johnson’s (His) voting against this project is obvious. |
То, что профессор Джонсон (он) голосует против этого проекта, вполне очевидно. |
|
I remember him/his/the boss/the boss’s talking about the project. |
Я помню, как он/босс говорил о проекте. |
|
I don’t like you/your/Jim/Jim’s being illegal in business. |
Мне не нравится, что ты незаконно действуешь в бизнесе. |