Modal verbs and their equivalents.

Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite	Future Indefinite
can	could	shall be able to ... will бути спроможним ...
may	might	shall be allowed to ... will мати дозвіл…
must	had to	shall have to ... will повинен бути зобов'язаним…

Модальні слова ought to, should вживаються для: 1) виразу морального обов'язку

You should be more careful in accounting. Вам слід бути більш обережним у розрахунках. 2) в поєднанні з перфектним інфінітивом виражає докір. You should have helped your friend to deliver goods in time. Вам слід було допомогти вашому другу доставити товари вчасно. You ought to give the discount. Вам слід було дати знижку.

Task 1.

Insert "to " wherever necessary:

1. You can ... get all necessary information about our products on the ground floor. 2. We are ... sign the contract next week. 3. They must ... deliver goods on time. 4. You should be ... present on the business conference. 5. She had ... come to her office early yesterday. 6. She could ... speak English well in her childhood. 7. You needn't ... be worry, everything will be all right. 8. You may no! ... find new business partners among the members of the delegation.

Task 2.

Choose the correct modal verbs from the box.

I should, may, may not, can't, can, must, needn't

1. Повинно бути забезпечено	-----------------be provided
2. Може бути одержано	-----------------be obtained
3. Можна визначити	-----------------be determined
4. Слід застосовувати.	-----------------be applied
5. Не треба виробляти.	-----------------be produced
6. Треба ввести.	-----------------be introduced
7. Не можна визначити.	---------------------be determined
8. Треба розглянути.	---------------------be regarded

Task 3.

Translate the following sentences paying attention to the modal verbs and their equivalents:

1. What bank can offer me a banker's credit card? 2. Could you speak English two years ago? 3.1 hope you will be able to open the current account in our bank in a week. 4, You should take a taxi if you don't want to be late for the business talks. 5. As he got a little profit, he had to stop his business activity. 6. We were to meet at the Midland bank at 7 p.m. 7. They are to finish business talks today, becausethey may not have any time tomorrow. 8. Every businessman must know at least one foreign language.

*Task I Learn the new vocabulary

To creat – створювати structured - структурований

To compile – компілювати, укладати routine – режим, підпрограма

To combine – сполучати (ся) compiler - компілятор

To shape – надавати форми requirement - вимога

To indent – вирізати, реквізувати loop – цикл у програмуванні

Statement – формулювання complete – завершений, досконалий

Variable – змінна величина series – ряд, серія

Feature – характерна особливість rectangle – прямокутник

Turtle – курсор у вигляді черепашки mode – режим

Task II Read the following words, translate them.

Language, structure, module, easy, turtle, graphics, draw, screen, move, cursor, certain, feature, requirement, compiler, disadvantage, complete, rectangle, loop, routine, series, familiar, degree, line, trace.

Task III Read the following word-combinations and translate them into Ukrainian:

1.rather hard to do; 7. to create a whole series of routines;

2. to write programs with a top-down structure; 8. to draw different shapes, parts of pictures;

3. to trace or draw a line; 9. to call routines in correct order

4. certain number of degrees: 10. to compute complex math functions

5. to move left, right, up, down; 11.to plan the program carefully

6. to carry out a set of commands 12.to define all variables

Task IV Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the Participle. Translate the underlined words.

1. Logo is a structured language that is available for many microcomputers.

2. Basic is an all-purpose language meaning that you can do almost in Basic.

3. Your whole program can consist of series of statements defining routines and then a few statements calling this routines in the correct order.

4. Logo doesn’t do “turtle graphics”, it is a complete language.

5. Pascal has some features that make structured programming easier.

6. Pascal also has certain requirements that make you plan your program carefully.

7. One disadvantage of Pascal is that it is often a compiled language.

**Task V Read and translate the text.