- •Irina gorbacheva
- •To my first and very special teacher of Phonetics
- •Contents
- •General preface
- •B. Glossary to “Drills”.
- •I. Introductory Notes.
- •I.1. Rp is the way to be received in the best circles of society.
- •I.2. Conscious Approach.
- •I.3. Some principal differences between Russian and English articulation.
- •Figure 1: Dorsal pronunciation manner.
- •Figure 2: Apical pronunciation manner.
- •I.4 Some phonetic phenomena common for both languages:
- •I.5 The articulators and principal resonators of the speech mechanism.
- •Figure 8: Active and passive organs of speech.
- •I.6 Phoneme and allophone.
- •I.7 Classification of English Phonemes.
- •Figure 9 :The System of English Consonants
- •I.8 Aspiration
- •I.9 The duration of vowels.*
- •[ Ί ] in “seed” [ ί ] in “seat”
- •Figure 15: [ ] in “cod” and [ ] in “cot”.
- •I.10 Key to phonetic symbols
- •I.11 Allophonic signs
- •II. Phonetic drills lax, front, closed, unrounded
- •Weak, forelingual ( alveolar), occlusive, noise
- •Strong, forelingual (alveolar), occlusive, noise
- •Forelingual (alveolar), occlusive, nasal sonant
- •Forelingual (alveolar), constrictive, oral sonant (lateral)
- •Tense, front ,closed, unrounded
- •Strong, forelingual(alveolar), constrictive, noise
- •Weak, forelingual (alveolar), constrictive, noise
- •Lax, front, open, unrounded
- •Strong, forelingual (post-alveolar), constrictive, noise
- •Strong* , bilabial, occlusive ,noise
- •Contrast [ p1 ] – [ p2 ] – [ p3 ]
- •Weak, bilabial, occlusive, noise
- •Bilabial, occlusive, nasal, sonant*
- •Polysyllabic organization of words
- •Tense, back, open, unrounded
- •Tense, back, mid-open, rounded
- •Lax, back, open, rounded
- •Strong*, backlingual, occlusive, noise
- •Contrast [ k1 ] – [ k2 ] – [ k3 ]
- •Weak, backlingual, occlusive, noise
- •Strong, labio-dental, constrictive, noise
- •Weak, labio-dental, constrictive, noise
- •Veal leave obvious
- •Loss of plosion*
- •Lateral plosion*
- •Nasal plosion*
- •Pharyngeal, constrictive, noise, voiceless
- •Lax, central, mid-open, unrounded
- •Lax, central, mid-open, unrounded(“schwa”)
- •Tense, central, mid-open, unrounded
- •Strong, lingua-dental, constrictive, noise
- •Weak, lingua-dental, constrictive, noise
- •Lax, back, closed, rounded
- •Tense, back, closed, rounded
- •Medialingual, constrictive, oral sonant
- •Forelingual(cacuminal), constrictive, oral sonant
- •Weak, forelingual (post-alveolar), constrictive, noise
- •Strong, forelingual, occlusive (palato-alveolar), noise
- •Weak, forelingual (palato-alveolar), occlusive, noise
- •Lax, front(glide is central, mid-open), closed, unrounded diphthong
- •Contrast / ί / - / /
- •Lax, front, half-open (glide is closed), unrounded diphthong
- •Lax, front (glide is central, mid-open), open, unrounded diphthong
- •Lax, front, open (glide is closed) , unrounded diphthong
- •Lax, central, open, unrounded diphthong (glide is back, closed)
- •Lax, central, half-open, rounded diphthong
- •Lax, back, closed, (glide is central and mid-open) rounded diphthong
- •Lax, back, open(glide is front and closed), rounded diphthong
- •Lax, central, open, unrounded triphthong
- •Bilabial, constrictive, oral sonant
- •Lax, back, open, rounded triphthong
- •Backlingual, occlusive, nasal sonant
- •Appendix a glossary to “general preface” and “introductory notes”
- •Appendix b glossary to “drills”
- •References:
- •Keys to the last test:
- •Качество гласного склонно к измене
Appendix a glossary to “general preface” and “introductory notes”
A acoustic |
t |
акустический |
acquisition |
|
приобретение |
affricate |
t |
аффриката |
allophone |
|
аллофон |
allophonic |
|
аллофонический |
alveolar |
|
альвеолярный |
apical |
|
апикальный |
arbitrary |
|
произвольный |
articulator |
t |
артикуляционный орган |
articulatory |
tk |
артикуляторный |
aspirated |
|
придыхательный |
aspiration |
|
придыхание |
B basis |
|
основание |
bilabial |
|
губно-губной |
bilingual |
|
двуязычный |
bulk |
|
большая часть; корпус |
C cacuminal |
|
какуминальный; |
cavity |
|
полость |
chart (v.) |
|
составлять карту |
clear |
|
светлый |
cluster |
|
пучок; скопление |
coarticulation |
|
коартикуляция |
combinatorial |
|
комбинаторный |
comprehend |
pr |
понимать |
concave |
/nk |
вогнутый |
conscious |
|
сознательный |
consciousness |
|
сознание |
consonant |
|
согласный звук |
constrictive |
|
щелевой |
conventional |
|
условный |
D dark |
/ |
тёмный |
devoiced |
|
оглушенный |
diagram |
|
диаграмма |
diphthong |
|
дифтонг |
dorsal |
|
дорсальный |
duration |
() |
длительность |
E educate |
|
обучать, тренировать |
elaborate |
|
|
epiglottis |
|
|
exaggerated |
|
|
explosion |
|
взрыв |
facile |
|
не требующий усилий |
F feature |
fί |
признак, свойство |
final |
|
конечный |
flaccid |
|
вялый |
flavour |
|
особенность |
forelingual |
wl |
переднеязычный |
fortis |
t |
сильный |
fricative |
t |
фрикативный |
G glottal |
t |
глоточный |
glossary |
/s |
словарь |
H hinder |
/h |
быть помехой |
highlight |
|
освещать |
I inert |
/t/ |
вялый |
initial |
|
начальный |
isolated |
|
изолированный |
L labial |
|
губной |
labia-dental |
tl |
губно-зубной |
lateral |
|
боковой |
lenis |
ί |
слабый |
lingua-dental |
w |
язычно-губный |
lingual |
w |
языковой; язычный |
M mechanism |
|
аппарат; механизм |
median |
ίdj |
срединный |
mixed |
/m |
смешанный |
monophthong |
n |
монофтонг |
muscular |
skj |
мускульный |
N nasal |
|
носовой |
nature |
|
природа |
neighbouring |
// |
соседний, смежный |
noise |
/ |
шумный |
O obstruction |
|
преграда |
occlusive |
|
смычный |
P palate |
|
нёбо |
palatalization |
|
палатализация |
pharynx |
ks |
глотка |
phenomenon |
/fnm |
явление |
phoneme |
ίm |
фонема |
phonetics |
() |
фонетика |
plosive |
|
взрывной |
precede |
(ί)ίd/ |
предшествовать |
prolong |
/pr() |
продлевать |
pronunciation |
/prns |
произношение |
pure |
pj |
чистый |
R reciprocal |
/r |
взаимный |
redundant |
/rn()nt/ |
излишний |
relevance |
rel()ns/ |
значимость, уместность |
relevant |
|
значимый, уместный |
rhythm |
()m |
ритм |
rhythmic |
|
ритмический |
S scholar |
l |
учёный |
select |
|
отбирать |
sequence |
|
последовательность |
sibilant |
|
свистящий, шипящий |
sonant |
|
сонорный |
source |
|
источник |
spectrum |
|
спектр |
specify |
/spes |
точно определить |
status |
/ st |
статус |
strong |
/str |
сильный |
syllable |
|
слог |
syllabic |
|
слоговой |
symbol |
|
символ |
T tongue |
t |
язык |
trachea |
/tr |
трахея |
triphthong |
|
трифтонг |
U ultima |
|
исход слова |
uvular |
|
увулярный |
V velar |
vίl |
велярный |
vibrate |
|
вибрировать |
voiced |
/v |
звонкий |
vowel |
/v |
гласный |
W weak |
wίk |
слабый |
Z zero |
|
ноль |
