Безособові речення 3 підметом it

It is winter. It is cold.

It is five o'clock. It is not far.

VII. Перекладіть речення українською мовою:

1. It is warm today. 2. It was difficult yesterday. 3. It is time to begin our work. 4. It was not cold yesterday. 5. Is it difficult to translate that article? 6. It often snows in February. 7. It is difficult to read this text without a dictionary. 8. It is necessary to study hard to have good command of English. 9. It is light in our room. 10. It is early but all the doctors are in the clinic. 11. It is clear that he will not come. 12. It was warm yesterday and many children were in the garden. 13. It was necessary to fulfil this task. 14. It was easy to take that examination.

/ СТУПЕНІ ПОРІВНЯННЯ ПРИКМЕТНИКІВ І ПРИСЛІВНИКІВ

Види	Основна форма		Вищий ступінь	Найвищий ступінь
Односкладові та деякі двоскладові	big easy		bigger easier	biggest t easiest
	soon		sooner	soonest
Багатоскладові	interesting difficult		more interesting more difficult	most interesting most difficult
	slowly		more slowly	most slowly
Але:	good bad many, much little	well badly much little	better worse more less	best worst most feast

VIII. Утворіть ступені порівняння: .9 long, large, clever, interesting, comfortable, many, good, bad, possible, necessary, little, much, well.

IX. Поставте прикметники у вищому чи найвищому ступені:

1. The Danube is (long) than the Dnieper. 2. Nick is (tail) of all.

3. She is (good) student in the group. 4 It is (difficult) text in this

textbook. 5. London is (big) than Oxford.

X. Перекладіть речення українською мовою, звертаючи увагу на сполучення прислівників the more ... the better — чим більше ... тим краще:

1. The better you study, the more you know. 2. The longer my father

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worked at the plapt, the more he liked it. 3. The more you read, the better you know. 4. The sooner you start, the sooner you will finish.

XI. Вивчіть напам'ять:

The more we study, the more we know;

The more we know, the more we forget;

The more we forget, the less we know;

The less we know, the less we forget;

Fhe less we forget, the more we know. Why study?

STEP 2. VOCABULARY. TEXTS

СЛОВОТВОРЕННЯ

Суфікси прикметників, які утворюються від іменників:

-al centre центр central центральний

centre центр culture культура hero герой base основа peace мир beauty краса

cultural культурний heroic героїчний basic основний peaceful мирний beautiful красивий

І. Перекладіть українською мовою:

a cultural centre, historic data, a powerful state, an economic de­velopment, the useful work, a peaceful use of atomic energy, joyful news, optimistic discussion, a fruitful research, the aimful work, a beautiful girl, partiotic action.

Суфікс прислівників:

-\y usual звичайний month місяць

usually звичайно monthly щомісяця

II. Перекладіть українською мовою: ; ,

active — actively, quick — quickly, easy — easily, cold — coldly, week — weekly, first — firstly, day — daily, bad — badly, part — partly, slow — slowly, warm — warmly.

III. Запам'ятайте слова та словосполучення:

extra-mural заочний

applicant ('aeplikant] абітурієнт, претен­дент competitive [kom'petitiv] конкурсний

to take credit test складати залік

to carry out виконувати

senior ['shnjaj student старшокурсник

to acquire (a'kwaia) набувати; одержати

enterprise ['entapraizj підприємство completion [kam'pli:j'n] завершення, за­кінчення

final examination випускний екзамен graduation thesis дипломна робота tie [tai| зв'язок

to contribute [lon'tnbju:t] вносити, спри­яти

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TEXT A IV. Прочитайте і перекладіть текст:

HIGHER EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

There are different institutes and a university in almost all large cities of Ukraine. They train various specialists using such forms of education as day-time, part-time and extra-mural.

Young people between the age of 17 to 35 who have finished the

secondary schools or technical schools may enter the universities or institutes.

To enter there many applicants take the competitive examinations.

Those who show good results at the examinations become the first-year students.

During the academic year the students must attend lectures on dif­ferent subjects. They have practical classes and carry out laboratory experiments.

At the end of each term the students take credit tests and exami­nations. From the second year many students begin to do their research \ work. Senior students acquire their professional skills working at, different enterprises or institutions. The medical students have their g practical training in different hospitals and polyclinics. |

On completion of study they take the final examinations or present | a graduation thesis. The course of study at the most institutes lasts | five years but doctors' training at some departments takes 6 years, g After graduating from the medical institute young doctors work as й interns during a certain period. |

The higher schools of Ukraine have wide international ties with | other countries. Many young people from foreign countries come to |

Ukraine to get higher education. Then they return to work to their | countries. ^я

; Our scientists have various contacts with specialists from many countries. They take an active part in numerous conferences, sympo­sia, seminars which are held in Ukraine or abroad. These internatio­nal contacts contribute a great deal to strengthening friendship and cooperation among the nations.

V. Дайте відповіді на запитання:

1. What forms of education do our institutes and universities use?

2. What age may young people enter the institute or university at?

3. What examinations do the applicants take to enter the Institute?

4. What must the students do during the academic year? 5. When do the students take credit tests and examinations? 6. Where do senior -students acquire their professional skills? 7. Where do medical stu-

dents have their practical training? 8. How long does the course of study last at different institutes? 9. Do the Ukrainian higher schools have ties with other countries? 10. What contacts do our scientists have with specialists-from many countries?

VI. Запам'ятайте слова та словосполучення:

hollow порожній, порожнистий , . to maintain (men'tein) утримувати, під­тримувати

cavity ['kaevitij порожнина atrium 1'eitnam] передсердя ventricle ['ventrikl] шлуночок valve [vaelv] клапан

nervous connection (ka'nek^nj нервове сполучення

sympathetic (.simpyeatikj nerve симпа­тичний нерв

vagus блукаючий нерв heart sound серцевий шум (звук) heart beat серцевий удар •to expel [iks-pel] виштовхувати contents ['kantents] вміст contraction [kan'traekJn] стиснення, сти­скування

entrance ['entrails] вхід exit ['eksitj вихід bag міхур layer пласт, шар

[ TEXT В

Vll. Прочитайте текст і дайте відповіді на такі запитання:

1. What kind of organ is the heart? 2. How many cavities are there in our heart? 3. What bag is our heart within? 4. How many layers does the heart consist of? 5. What important connections are there in the heart? 6. How many beats does the heart in the adults and in children make?

HEART

Heart is a hollow muscular organ which maintains the circulation

trf the blood in the human body.

There are four cavities in our heart. The two upper cavities are atriums and the two lower ones are ventricles. At the entrance and exit of the ventricles one can see four valves.

Our heart is within a strong fibreous bag known as the pericardium. The heart consists of three layers: the epicardium, the myocardium and the endocardium. The epicardium and the endocardium consist of connective tissue. The muscular tissue of the heart is known as the

myocardium.

For the regulation of the heart's action there are important nervous connections, especially with the vagus and with the sympathetic

nerves.

The valves of the heart make the noises known as the heart sounds. At each heart beat the two atriums contract and expel their contents ^: into the ventricles. ^

In adults the heart makes from 70 to 75 beats per minute whiie in children it is much higher.

There is a period of rest for the muscle between the beats. This

rest period is shorter during greater activity and longer when the body is quiet.

On an average the heart is in .a state of contraction about one third of our life.

STEP 3. ORAL SPEECH PRACTICE

Topic: Our Institute Завдання для підготовки до бесіди на тему.

І. Запам'ятайте слова та словосполучення:

to be healthy ['helOi} бути здоровим I'd (I shotlJd) like мені хотілося б therapy ['Qarapij терапія therapeutist {.0era'pju:tist} терапевт surgery ('safari j хірургія surgeon ['s3:d3(a)nj хірург gynaecology [.gainrkalsdsij гінекологія gynaecologist [.gainrkoladsist] гінеколог pediatry ('pediatn] педіатрія pediatrKlan (,pi:dia'tnj'(3)nj педіатр ^ '

ophthalmology (.aftasl-maladgi} офтальмо­логія

clinical subject клінічна дисципліна

preclinical subject доклінічна дисципліна

to take an exam складати іспит

te acquire skills набувати навичок

to choose вибирати

to make a diagnosis ставити діагноз

to fulfil prescription виконувати припис

case history історія хвороби

II. Прочитайте діалог, звертаючи увагу на структуру запитань:

A. May I ask you, do you study at the Institute? B. Yes, I do-

Л. What Institute do you study at?

R I study at the Medical Institute.

B. A. B.

Й.

Why did you choose medicine as your speciality?

I want to become a doctor. It is a noble profession. I'd like to

help our people to be healthy. Й/

Й. What faculties are there at your Institute?

B. There are medical and stomatological faculties.

A. What faculty do you study at? ,,6. I study at the medical faculty.

A. What specialists does the medical faculty train?

B.: It trains therapeutist, surgeons, gynaecologists, ophthalmologists, pediatricians and others.

^a • Whom does the stomatological faculty prepare?

This facultv nrftnarpt; stnmntrtlr.rr.c.to

This faculty prepares stomatologists. What chairs has your Institute?

A

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B. It has many chairs. They are the chairs of Anatomy, Biology, Therapy, Surgery, Gynaecology and many others.

A. How many students does your Institute amount? ^ B. Our Institute amounts to 5,000 students. 8^4. How long does the training take at your Institute?

•P. Doctors' training takes six years and stomatologists' training lasts

_ five years." _ V^ ip. What preclinical subjects do the students study during the

•j first two years? ^\ During the first two years the students study Physics, Chemistry,;

Anatomy. Biology. Latin and others.^ Л, What clinical subjects do the future doctors study during the

senior years? B. During the senior years they study such clinical subjects, as Therapy,

Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ophtalmology and others. A. How often do you take your exams and tests? B. Twice a year. We take our exams in January and June. A. When does the academic year start and when is it over? B. The academic year starts in September and is over in June. A. Where have the students their practical training? B. They have their practical training at various hospitals and poly-clinics.

A. What practical skills do the senior students acquire? B. Senior students acquire such skills, as to examine a patient, to make a diagnosis, to fulfil doctor's prescriptions, to fill от case

histories and others.

A.: What subjects are the most important for the future doctors?

В.: І believe the most important subjects for them are Anatomy, Thera­py and Surgery.

A.: Thank you for your information.

B.: Don't mention.

••

III. Дайте відповіді на запитання:

~Tr"What Institute do you study at? 2. What Faculties are there at the Medical Institute? 3. What pre-medical subjects do the students study during the first two years? 4. What subjects do the students study during the senior years? 5. What practical skills do the senior

students acquire?

IV. Підготуйтеся до бесіди на тему. Складіть речення за табли­цями і спробуйте запам'ятати їх:

І. а) Під час бесіди зі студентом поставте деякі загальні запи­тання і дайте Короткі відповіді:

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бі