Способи передачі українських відмінків в англійській мові

А. Іменник+'s (у множині:+s') —англійський присвійний від­мінок, який відповідає українському родовому відмінку:

This student's book. These students' books.

X. Прочитайте і перекладіть речення:

1. Our teacher's dictionary is here. 2. Peter's father is a doctor. 3. His parents'. Hat is comfortable. 4. My mother's name is Ann. 5. Your brother's family is large. 6. Our scientists' works are new.

XI. Поставте іменники, що стоять у дужках, у присвійному відмінку: , •

1. My (friend) name is Nick. 2. Our (teacher) surname is Pet-renko. 3. This (doctor) son is our student. 4. These (women) children are in a hospital. 5. Our (students) books are on the tables.

Б. За допомогою прийменників:

Продовження табл

Англійський загальний відмінок	Український ВІДМІНОК	Приклади
to або без прийменника	давальний	1 sent some letters to my parents. t sent my parents some letters.
by, with	орудний	The article was written by this student. ' . He writes with a pencil. We often think about our vacation. 1-
about, of	знахідний
on	місцевий	Many books are on the table. •

XII. Перекладіть речення, звертаючи увагу на способи передачі

відмінків:

1. Не showed the exercise to his teacher. 2. My friend's house is

in the centre of the town. 3. This device was invented by our doctor. 4. The teacher showed the students a diagram. 5. I cannot write with this pen. 6. The text translated by us was difficult. 7. They often think about their friends. 8. This library has a lot of English books.

XIII. Заповніть пропуски, де необхідно, потрібними приймен­никами;

1. In the centre ... our city we have a large theatre. 2. I often write letters ... my friends. 3. We think ... the exams. 4. We work ... these instruments. 5. He showed ... the teacher his control work. 6. He "is a member ... the research circle. 7. The article written ... this student is interesting. 8. I often think ... my friends. 9. We write ... our pens. 10. The students ... our group worked at the hospital yesterday.

ПРИЙМЕННИКИ ЧАСУ
After	after five o'clock; after dinner
At	at two o'clock; at night, at noon; at day break
Before	before the end of March; before five o'clock
By	by six o'clock; by Monday
During	during the last three months; during the evening

From ... till from 3 till (to) 5 o'clock; from 1970 till 1980 (to) __________________________

In in May-, in 1990; in the morning

On on Sunday; on the first of May; on June the second

XIV. Перекладіть речення, звертаючи, увагу на прийменники ": часу.

1. We attend lectures in Biology on Mondays. 2. The third-year students have their practice in March. 3. They have practical training from the beginning of February till the end of March. 4. We shall finish our work before five o'clock. 5. This doctor continued his work after dinner. 6. They started their work before nine o'clock. 7. My father will come home by six o'clock. 8. During the last year he learned French hard.

STEP 2. VOCABULARY. TEXTS

СЛОВОТВОРЕННЯ Суфікси іменників, які утворюються від прикметників:

-апсе important

-ence different

-dom free wise

-ness cold kind

-th deep long

-ty(ity) active

i?¹ special

важливий

різний

вільний

мудрий

холодний

добрий

глибокий

довгий

активний

спеціальний

importance	важливість
difference	різниця
freedom	свобода
wisdom	мудрість
coldness	холод
kindness	доброта
depth	глибина
length	довжина
activity	активність,
	діяльність
speciality	фах,
	спеціальність

І. Перекладіть слова українською мовою:

resist — resistance; dark — darkness; strong — strength; real — reality; true—truth; safe—safety; productive—productivity; bright— brightness; efficient — efficiency; free — freedom; dry — dryness;

weak — weakness; wide — width; wise — wisdom; constant — con­stancy.

II. Запам'ятайте слова та словосполучення:

to do the morning exercises робити ранко­ву зарядку ta shave голитися

to have breakfast (dinner) снідати (обі­дати)

to take a trolleybus їхати тролейбусом to go on foot ходити пішки to be over бути закінченим white gown білий халат

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to make a morning round робити ранко­вий обхід .. to examine patients оглядати хворих with great care з великим піклуванням percussion перкусія auscultation аускультація palpation пальпація

to prescribe treatment призначити ліку­вання

to give instructions to nurses" давати роз-порядження медсестрам to stay in doors бути вдома to book a ticket брати квиток на поїзд outskirts of the city околиця міста

III. ^Прочитайте і перекладіть текст:

A DOCTOR'S WORKING DAY

Igor Petrenko works'as a doctor at a hospital. Every morning he igets up at seven o'clock.

First of all he does his morning exercises. Then he shaves, washes himself and puson his clothes. At eight o'clock he has his breakfast. After breakfast he leaves his flat and goes to the hospital. As his house is not far from the hospital he does not take a trolleybus. As a rule he goes on foot.

Doctor Petrenko works at a therapeutic department. His working day begins at nine and is over at three o'clock. When he comes to the department he washes his hands and puts on his white gown and cap.

Every day he makes the morning round. Doctor Petrenko is very attentive to his patients. He examines the patients with great care. He uses different methods of examining the patients. These methods are percussion, auscultation, palpation and others.

After the examination of every patient Petrenko prescribes him (or her) some treatment and gives some instructions to nurses. Then he fills in case histories. When his working day is over doctor Petrenko goes home and has his dinner.

In the evening he reads the latest newspapers and magazines and watches T. V.

On his day off doctor Petrenko never stays indoors. Last Sunday he phoned to his friends and invited them to spend the day off together. They booked tickets for a suburban train and went to the picturesque places in the outskirts of the city. There they fished and swam in the river.

Next day off they will go to the nearest forest.

IV. Дайте відповіді на запитання:

1. When does doctor Petrenko get up? 2. What does he do in the morning? 3. Where does he go after breakfast to? 4. What department does doctor Petrenko work at? 5. What does he do when 1 d tomes

to the department? 6. Does he make the morning round every day? 7. How does he examine the patients? 8. What methods of examining does he use? 9. What does Petrenko do after the examination of every patient? 10. What does he do in the evening? 11. What did doctor Pet­renko do last Sunday? 12. What did he and his friends do in the outskirts of the city?

V. Запам 'ятайте слова та словосполучення:

skin шкіра fascia ['feija] фасція

muscle (niAslj й'яз, мускул muscle cell м'язова клітина

to be covered бути покритим periosteum надкісниця

connective tissue ('tisju:j сполучна ткани- tough [tAfj band міцний зв'язок

на blood vessels кровоносні судини

to bind the skin прикріпляти шкіру beneath (brni:9j під, нижче

to separate the skin відділяти шкіру protective covering захисне покриття

subcutaneous (,sAbkju"teinias] fat під- tendon сухожилля

шкірний жир

TEXT В

VI. Прочитайте текст і перекажіть його основний зміст:

SKIN AND MUSCLES

The body is covered by the skin. The tissue has an outer layer of epithelial tissue and an inner one of connective tissue. There are the blood vessels and nerves in the connective tissue. Just beneath the skin there is a layer composed of connective tissue. In some places this layer binds the skin directly to the bones and in others it separates the skin from the muscles. One can see the subcutaneous fat in this layer which is called fascia.

The skin and this fascia form a protective covering for the muscles, bones and internal organs. The muscles are formed by a mass of muscle ceils. The muscles are held together by the connective tissue. There are the blood vessels and the nerves in our body. They supply the muscles.

The covering of the bone is composed of a fibrous connective tissue,, It is called the periosteum. To this the muscles are attached^directKy" or indirectly, by means of a tough band called tendon.

Whenever a muscle contracts the points of attachment are brought closer together.

VII. Дайте відповіді на запитання:

1. What is the body covered by? 2. What is there in the connective tissue? 3. What is called fascia? 4. What do the skin and the fascia form? 5. What are the muscles held together by? 6. What is called the periosteum? 7. How are the muscles attached to the periosteum?

STEP 3. ORAL SPEECH PRACTICE

Topic: My Working Day Завдання для підготовки до повідомлення і бесіди на тему:

}. Запам'ятайте слова та словосполучення:

to brush teeth чистити зуби

to comb hair розчісувати волосся

to wash dishes мити посуд

to have a break мати перерву

to go to a canteen ходити в їдальню

lunch другий сніданок

II. Прочитайте текст, зверніть увагу на послідовність опису і структуру речень:

A Student's Working Day

•Peter's working day begins early. He gets up at 7 o'clock. First of all he does his morning exercises. Then he goes to the bathroom where he brushes his teeth, washes himself and combs his hair. After that he makes his bed and dresses. He puts on his skirt and trousers. At 8 o'clock he has his breakfast. He often eats bread and butter, two eggs or fried potatoes. Then he drinks a cup of coffee or tea. It doesn't take him long to have his breakfast. At a quater past eight he leaves home and goes to the Institute. He often takes a trolleybus or a bus. Sometimes he goes on foot. He always comes to the Insti­tute in time.

Every day the students attend lectures and practical classes. They listen to the lectures and make their abstracts. At the English classes they read texts, answer the teacher's questions and speak English. Between their classes they have breaks. ••;

At 12 o'clock Peter goes to the canteen and has his lunch. When the classes are over he often goes to the reading hall to read some books

d magazines. « ' Then he goes home. When he comes home he takes'off his coat

d cap, washes his hands and has his dinner. In the evening he watches T. V., listens to the music and-gets ready

• his classes. On Sunday he visits his friends. They often go to the sinema or concert.

At 10 or 11 o'clock he goes to bed.

III. Підготуйтеся до повідомлення на тему. Складіть речення за таблицями і спробуйте запам'ятати їх:

1. а) При повідомленні про ваші дії зранку складіть такі речення:

• її. 1 -.

very early.

Every morning First of all

Then VUter that

get up do

make go

my morning exercises.

my bed.

to the bathroom.

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б) Продовжуйте повідомлення, складаючи речення з пропонова­них слів та словосполучень:

Зразок: Then — to wash oneself. Then I wash myself.

to brush one's teeth; to comb one's hair; then — to dress; to put;

on clothes; after that — to have breakfast; to eat bread» and butter;

to drink a cup of tea or milk; then — to wash the dishes; after that —' to leave one's room; to go to a bus stop; to take a trolley-bus and to go to the Institute.

2. а) Про ваші дії в інституті повідомте за допдмогЯЮ ffwix. речень:

at the lectures to the lectures my abstracts.

Every day

am present

listen

make

6) Повідомте про дії студентів на заняттях з ^англійської мови, використовуючи ці слова та словосполучення:

Зразок: At the English classes — to read the texts.

At the English classes we read the texts.

at the English classes — to speak English; to answer the teacher's questions; then — to read and translate the texts; to make some in­formations; after that.— to write some exercises or to do other tasks.

3. а) При повідомленні про ваші дії у вечірній час розкажіть про підготовку до наступних занять та ваш відпочинок. Починайте з таких речень:

In the evening I do my homework.

do

read make write

books and magazines. my abstracts. letters to my friends. б) Продовжуйте повідомлення, перекладаючи речення:

Then

1. Потім я дивлюся фільми по телевізору. 2. Іноді мої друзі || приходять до мене, ми слухаємо музику і дивимося телепередачі. Ц 3. В суботу ми часто ходимо в кіно або на концерт. 4. Коли я при- Щ ходжу додому, я вечеряю і лягаю спати.

IV. Підготуйтеся до бесіди. Ї. а) Спочатку поставте кілька загальних запитань, таких як: ||

Do you

early?

get up

do brush

the morning exercises?

your teeth in the morning?

6) Продовжуйте складати загальні запитання, вживаючи про­поновані нижче групи слів:

Зразок: to have your breakfast at home.

Do you have your breakfast at home?

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to take the trolley-bus every day; to make abstracts at the lectures;

||o read newspapers every day; to watch T. V. in the evening.

|r 2. а) Поставте спеціальні запитання на тему, починаючи з таких ^.речень:

get up? do in the morning? go after your breakfast? б) Перекладіть такі запитання:

When What Where

do

you

1. Що ви робите в інституті? 2. Які тексти ви читаєте на занят­тях з англійської мови? 3. Коли ви приходите додому? 4. Коли ви обідаєте? 5. Що ви робите ввечері? 6. Які газети ви читаєте? 7. Які завдання ви виконуєте? 8- Кому ви пишете листи? 9. З ким ви ходите в кіно? 10. Коли ви лягаєте спати?

V. Зробіть повідомлення про ваш робочий день, а потім проведіть бесіду на цю тему з товаришами, дотримуючись пропонованої послідовності:

In the. morning: to get up, to do the morning exercises, to wash,

to brush teeth, to have breakfast, to go to the In-, stitute.

ЩЕцегу day (at the Institute): to come to the Institute; to be present ' at the lectures: to make abstracts; to work in a laboratory;

to read and to translate the texts at the English lessons;

to speak English; to go to a reading-hall.

fofte evening: to prepare home-tasks; to read books; to make abstracts; to rest a little; to watch T. V.,; to visit friends; to go to the cinema; to come back; to go to bed.

VI. Опишіть ваші дії протягом робочого дня в минулому часі ШРазі Indefinite), а потім у майбутньому (Future І пае finite). Вжи-feaure дієслова в потрібній формі:

Зразок: Yesterday I got up early. First of all I did my morning exercises.

LESSON FOUR

Граматика: І. Модальні дієслова.

2. Неозначені займенники та їх похідні.

3. Безособові речення з підметом it.

4. Ступені порівняння прикметників і прислівників. Тексти: A. Higher Education in Ukraine.

В. Heart. Тема: Our Institute.

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STEP 1. GRAMMAR

MОДАЛЬНI ДІЄСЛОВА

І (he, she) speak English. Can you speak can (could) English?

Yes, I can. We (you, they) do this task. No, I cannot.

I (he, she) take this book. may (might)

We (you, they) come into the room.

May I ask you? Yes, you may. No, you may not.

I (he. she) read this text.

must (—)

We (you, they) go to the meeting.

Must we go there? Yes, you must. No, you must not

(не можна), і No, you need not;

(не треба), і

1. Перекладіть речення українською мовою, звертаючи увагу на -Д модальні дієслова: у|

I. You can see many students in this library. 2. You may take Д this book. 3. Every doctor must know at least one foreign language. Ц 4. My friend can't speak English. 5. He could read French when he was a boy. 6. They might come to Kyiv in summer. 7. His mother must stay in bed because she is still ill. 8. Can you speak English? Yes, I can. 9. Must we read this article? No, we needn't. 10. May I ask you? Yes, you may. 11. Where may we smoke? 12. What foreign languages can you speak?

II. Заповніть пропуски модальними дієсловами can, may, must. "I. ... you speak French? No, I ... 2. ... I open the window? It's very hot here. 3. What book ... I take? You ... take any book. 4. You are busy. You ... not go to the cinema. 5. ... we take these dictionaries? No, you ... not. 6. We have a little time, we ... hurry. 7. Students,... not miss classes. 8. ... I ask you a question? Yes, you ... 9. We ... translate this text. 10. ... you help me? Yes, I ... 11. We ... take these books from the library yesterday. 12. He ... do this work two days ago.

HI. Перекладіть другу частину і короткі відповіді англійською мовою:

j—— розмовляти англійською? Так (можу). Can you —— виконати цю роботу? Ні (не можу).

'—— перекласти це речення? Так (можу).

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'May I Must we Who can

взяти цю книгу? Ні (не можна).

зайти в аудиторію? Так (можна).

спитати вас? Так (можна).

перекласти цей текст? Так (треба).

іти додому зараз? Ні (не можна).

складати цей іспит? Ні (не треба).

переказати цей текст? Я (можу).

розмовляти англійською? Він (може).

взяти цю книжку в бібліотеці? Ми (можемо).

IV. Перекладіть англійською мовою:

І. Він може розмовляти німецькою. 2. Чи можете ви розмовляти англійською? 3. Якими мовами ви можете розмовляти? 4. Можна мені взяти цю книжку? 5. Яку книгу я можу взяти? 6. Ви можете взяти цю книжку. 7. Ми повинні виконати цю роботу? 8. Яку роботу ми повинні виконати?

НЕОЗНАЧЕНІ ЗАЙМЕННИКИ ТА ЇХ ПОХІДНІ

Неозначені займенники	4-body	+ thing
some any no every	somebody anybody nobody everybody	something anything nothing everything

V. Перекладіть речення українською мовою, звертаючи увагу на похідні неозначених займенників:

а) 1. Somebody wants to see you. Does anybody want to see me? Nobody wants to see him. 2. There is something in this bag. Is there anything in that bag? There is nothing in that bag.

6) 1. Everybody wants to help him. 2. They did everything to help him yesterday. 3. Did anybody see this new film last week? 4. Nobody speaks English in their group. 5. I must tell you something. 6. Is there anything else you want to know? 7. There was nothing interesting in this book. 8. There is somebody in this room. 9. She could not tell us anything new. 10. We did not meet anybody last night.

VI. Поставте речення в питальній і заперечній формах:

1. There are some books on this table. 2. There is something in

this box. 3. Somebody came to see you yesterday. 4. She wants to tell

you something interesting. 5. Everybody is here.

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