Смислові групи

У мовленні, відповідно до змісту, слова об'єднуються у смислові групи. В реченні є звичайно кілька таких груп. Кожна смислова група речення характеризується відповідною інтонацією і відокрем­люється від іншої паузою. Наприклад:

The book is I on the table.

They haven't any time (to do it.

ВПРАВИ ДЛЯ ЧИТАННЯ

/- Прочитайте речення, дотримуючись правильної, інтонації:

1. The pen is on the table. 2. The book is in the bag. 3. The table is in the room. 4. The blackboard is on the wall. 5. The copy-books are not in the bookcase. 6. They are on the tables. 7. Is a book on this table? Yes, it is. 8. Where is my book? 9. It is in the bookcase. 10. Where are our copy-books? 11. They are on that table.

//. Прочитайте тексти А і S та опишіть вашу класну кімнату:

_ д _

This is a classroom. It is. a big classroom. These are tables and chairs. They are new and clean. This is a teacher's desk. It's square. That is a blackboard. It's black. Those are windows. They are big. This is a wall. That is a wall too. The walls are white. This is a floor. It's red. That is a ceiling. It's white. These are two doors. They are white too.

»

Ї9

This is my textbook; It's on the table. These are our copy-books. They are on the shelves.

Our textbooks, copy-books, pens and pencils are on the tables. This is my bag. It's black. It's on the chair. .

What is this? It's a room. Is this a big or a small room? It's a big

room.

What is that? That is a blackboard. Where is the blackboard? It's on the wall. Where is my book? It's on the table. Where are our textbooks? They are on the table too. What kind of copy-books are those? They are new copy-books. What kind of chalk is that? It's good chalk. What colour is your pencil? It's a red pencil. What colour is your bag? It's a black bag.

LESSON ONE

Граматика: І. Артикль.

2. Множина іменників.

3. Множина вказівних займенників.

4. Питальний займенник what.

5. Дієслово to be в Indefinite Tenses (Active Voice).;

6. Дієслово to have в Indefinite Tenses (Active Voice).

7. Особові та присвійні займенники.

8- Кількісні та порядкові числівники. Тексти: А. І am a Student.

В. Hippocratic Oarth. Теми: і. a patient and His Family.

2. My Family.

Step I. Grammar артикль

Неозначений Означений Відсутність артикля

A (AN) a pen, an armchair

a black pen He is a student.

THE the books

the interesting book The book is new.

this student

some students our institute, Kyiv

/. Заповніть пропуски, де потрібно, відповідними артиклями:

1. She is ... doctor. 2. ... textbooks are on ... table. 3. Here is ... book you want to read. 4. ... Kyiv is ... capital of ... Ukraine. 5. It is ... nice city. 6. All ... students of our ... group attended ... lecture. 7. I don't

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„know his ... brother. 8. This ... article is interesting. 9. Please, give me fc... black pencil. 10. We shall go to ... theatre tonight. 11. Our ... Insti-||tute is in ... centre of ... city. 12. Many ... students are here.

МНОЖИНА ІМЕННИКІВ

-s		a book -	- books	але: a man — men
-es		a class -	— classes	a	woman	— women
У -	• ie+s	a study	— studies	a	child -	- children
fe-	- ve+s	a life —	lives	a	tooth —	- teeth
				a	foot—	feet

//. Поставте іменники у множині:

a pen, a copy-book, a table, a box, a man, a factory, a hero, a stu-|dent, a woman, a city, a brother, a child, a house, a doctor, a foot, a hospital, an apple, a story, a class, a tooth, an army.

МНОЖИНА ВКАЗІВНИХ ЗАЙМЕННИКІВ

this (цей) — these (ці) that (той) — those (ті)

///. Переробіть речення, вживаючи вказівні займенники у мно­жиш:

Зразок: This is a book.— These are books.

1. This is a table. 2. That is a chair. 3. This is a copy-book. 4. That is a text-book. 5. This is a box. 6. That is a bag. 7. This is a smalt room. 8. That is a big hall.

ПИТАЛЬНИЙ ЗАЙМЕННИК WHAT

WHAT + дієслово — що? WHAT 4- іменник — який? WHAT KIND OF — який? (про якість)

IV. Прочитайте і перекладіть речення:

What is this? (What's this?) — It is a peri (This is a pen)..

What is that? (What's that?) — й is а ревсії (That is a pencil),

What book is this? — It's an English textbook.

What kind of book is it? — It's a good book.

What's that? — It's a newspaper (That. is a newspaper).

What newspaper is thait? — It's "News froeri Ukraine".;

What kind of newspaper is that? — It's a new newspaper.

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ДІЄСЛОВО ТО BE В INDEFINITE TENSES (ACTIVE VOICE)

Present Past Future

He (she)

it

We

You They

am is

are

was

were

shall be will be

shall be will be

V. Заповніть пропуски потрібною формою дієслова to be:

1. I ... a medical student now. 2. My father ... an old worker. 3. Her brothers ... good engineers. 4. My friend ... a first-year student. 5. She ... at home yesterday. 6. Tarasenko ... a doctor next year. 7. I ... a doctor in five years. 8. We ... at the lesson. 9. I ... at the English lesson yesterday.

Загальні запитання

Are you a student? — Yes, I am. No, I am not. Is he a doctor? — Yes, he is. No, he is not.

Альтернативні запитання

Are you a student or a doctor? — I am a student.

Спеціальні запитання

Where are the students? — (They are) at the lecture. What are you? — (I am) a student.

VI. Дайте відповіді на запитання у стверджувальній або запе­речній формі:

1. Is Petrenko a student of our Institute? 2. It she a first-year stu­dent? 3. Are they Ukrainians? 4. Is the T. V. set on the table? 5. Were you ill last week? 6. Are you well? 7. Was he at the lecture yesterday? 8. Will you be at the meeting tomorrow? 9. Is he a worker or a student?

VII. Поставте спеціальні запитання до речень, починаючи їх пи­тальними. словами, що в дужках:

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1. His name is Peter. (What?) 2. He is at the lecture. (Where?) 3. His father is a worker. (What?) 4. Nina is ill. (Who?) 5. They are at home. (Where?) 6. He was a doctor. (What?) 7. They were at the English lesson yesterday. (When?) 8. The students are in this hall. (What hall?)

VII/. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою:

1. Я студент медичного інституту. 2. Мій друг — студент педаго­гічного інституту. 3. Ми студенти першого курсу. 4. Вона знахо­диться в інституті. 5. Вони українці, а він росіянин. 6. Вчора я був на лекції. 7. Ми будемо лікарями через п'ять років. 8. Ваш батько робітник? 9. Хто ви? 10. Де ваші підручники?

ДІЄСЛОВО ТО HAVE В INDEFINITE TENSES (AKT1VE VOICE)

Present Past Future

He(she)

It

We

You

They

have has

have

had

shall have will have

shall have will have

Але: У розмовній мові дієслово to have може замінюватися формою to have got. Наприклад: / have got many friends.

IX. Заповніть пропуски потрібною формою дієслова to have:

1. І ... a brother. 2. He ... two sisters. 3. They ... many friends. 4. This man ... a large family some years ago. 5. They ... got a good flat last year. 6. I ... a new coat next month. 7. You ..» new textbooks tomorrow. 8. We ... got many relatives.

Загальні запитання

Have you a brother? Has he got a friend?

Yes, I have. No, I have not. Yes, he has got. No, he has not got.

Do you often have English lessons? Yes, we do. No, we don't.

Альтернативні запитання

Have you a brother or a sister? I have a sister.

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Спеціальні запитання

What books have you in your bag? (I have) English books. How many lectures did you have yesterday? (We had) two lectures.

X. Дайте відповіді на запитання у стверджувальній або запереч­ній формі:

1. Have you many friends? 2. Has he got a brother? 3. Do you have many good books? 4. Had you a lecture yesterday? 5. Have your parents a good flat? 6. Did he have a large family? 7. Has she got a dictionary? 8. Has Petrenko a son or a daughter? 9. Will you have a meeting tomorrow? 10. Do you have a good watch?

XI. Поставте спеціальні запитання, до речень, починаючи їх пи­тальними словами, що в дужках:

1. They have two lectures every day. (How many?) 2. His parents' have a big house in the country. (Where?) 3. He has got good work. (What kind of work?) 4. Nick has a big family. (Who?) 5. You had your dinner at 5 o'clock. (What time?) 6. They have much money. (How much?) 7. He has got three friends. (How many?) 8. You have a two-room flat. (What flat?)

XII. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою:

І. У неї є брат. 2. У мене є багато друзів. З. Кожен день у нас лекції. 4. У моїх батьків гарна квартира. 5. У Петра багато книжок. 6. У вас є сьогодні лекції? 7. Скільки лекцій у вас щодня? 8. Які лекції у вас були вчора? 9. У цього чоловіка є дочка? 10. Скільки дітей у вашого брата?

ОСОБОВІ 1 ПРИСВІЙНІ ЗАЙМЕННИКИ

Особові	Називний відмінок Об'єктний відмінок	Однина	Множина
		1 he she it me him her it	we you they us you them
Присвійні		my his her its our your their

XIII. Виберіть потрібну форму займенника:

1. І often see (his, him) in the street. 2. We gave (us, our) books to (their, them). 3. Will you give (I, me) your textbook, please? 4. I received a letter from (she, her). 5. We saw (they, them) at the theatre. 6. Give me (you, your) pens, please. 7. (Me, my) sister teaches

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(them, their). 8. (Him, his) mother works at (us, our) Institute. 9 (Them their) daughter goes to (us, our) school- 10. We often see (their, them) in this hall. 11. It is (me, my) book. (Its, it) is on | the table. 12. (Our, us) students' hostel is in the centre of the city.