- •Part I scientific work and studies unit I. Training Scientists in Russia
- •Words and word combinations to be memorized
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •2. Form nouns from the following verbs, translate into Russian:
- •8. Work in pairs asking these questions. Give both short and full answers.
- •Unit II. Postgraduate Studies in England
- •1. Answer 10 “What questions” on the text:
- •2. Form nouns from the following verbs, translate into Russian.
- •Words and word combinations to be memorized
- •Exercises
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Unit III. At a Scientific Seminar
- •Words and word combinations to be memorized
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions on the text:
- •2. Form nouns from the following words with the help of suffixes used for people’s activities, specialities or professions. Translate into Russian, think of your own examples.
- •9. Work in small groups. Ask your partners questions about the theoretical part of their work. Use the following words and expressions.
- •Part II
- •International Business trip Unit I. An Invitation
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •2. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •3.4. Study the ways of concluding the letter:
- •3.5. Choose the correct way to close your letter depending on the greeting:
- •4. Write a letter of acceptance of an invitation according to the following plan:
- •1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary:
- •2. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Unit II. Arriving in England
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •Listen and practise a. Meeting at the airport
- •1. Listen to the conversation at the airport and answer the questions:
- •2. Work in pairs. Change some of the details in the conversation (names, jobs, places, the reasons for the visit, etc.). Act out the scene, then swap roles.
- •B. Checking in at the hotel
- •1. Alex Samarin and Paul Davis are checking in for the room at the hotel. Listen to the conversation and decide where the questions “a-e” go.
- •R.: Thank you. (2) ………………………………….?.
- •2. Work in pairs and act out this conversation.
- •3. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Reception
- •1. Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary:
- •2. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Unit III. The First Day in London a. Speaking on the phone
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •2. Act out the conversation:
- •3. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •4. Decide which of the verbs fit best in the following sentences. What other verbs could you use instead?
- •Are you ready to order? How much is that?
- •3. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary:
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Unit IV. Conference Registration
- •A. Getting registered.
- •1. Samarin is getting registered for the conference. Listen to the conversation and decide where the questions “a-d” go. A. Do you mean I must have it typed?
- •B. Looking through the file.
- •2. Read the dialogue and check your answers:
- •4. Work in groups. Find out about your partners’ experiences of looking after an English-speaking visitor. Ask questions about:
- •1. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.
- •Unit 5. The Opening Session.
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •2. Fill in the empty spaces with these words:
- •3. Write the English equivalents of the following phrases and complete the sentences with your own ideas.
- •4. Act as a chairman giving an opening address at an international conference. Include the following points:
- •B. Outlining the conference programme
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Imagine that you are the chairman of the scientific committee speaking to the participants of a conference. Address the audience and give general information about the conference:
- •1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary:
- •2. Translate into English.
- •Unit VI. A Working Group Session
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •A. Presenting a paper.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •B. Holding the discussion
- •3. Recollect the phrases from “Increase your vocabulary” which can be used during the discussion in order:
- •2. Translate into English.
- •Unit VII. Good-bye, London
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •A. Confirming the flight
- •B. Saying good-bye
- •2. Imagine that you are parting with an English colleague. Act out the farewell.
- •3. Learn the dialogue b and act out the parting following this conversation. Revise
- •1. Match 1-7 to a-g
- •2. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Part III
- •Grammar in scientific context
- •Unit I. Tenses in the Active Voice
- •The present simple tense
- •The past simple tense
- •The future simple tense
- •The present continuous (progressive) tense
- •The past continuous tense
- •The future continuous tense
- •The present perfect tense
- •The past perfect tense
- •The future perfect tense
- •The past perfect continuous tense
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •Revision of tenses
- •Unit II. The passive voice
- •Unit III. The Sequence of Tenses
- •Unit IV. Modal verbs
- •Unit V. Conditional sentences
- •Unit VII. The gerund
- •Unit VIII. The participle
- •Unit X. The Complex Sentence
- •Unit XI. Multifunctional Words
- •Text I Scientific imagination.
- •Text II National Research Council
- •1. Read the text and write an abstract of the text in 3 sentences.
- •Text III New trains, new business
- •1. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
- •Text V Eurobot designed to handle mundane tasks in space
- •1. Read the text and decide if the following statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •Text VI Sound-activated toys
- •1. Read the texts. Refer to the list below and fill in the blanks with the best word(s).
- •Text VII a new gene
- •1. Read the texts. Refer to the list below and fill in the blanks with the best word or words.
- •Part V supplement Opening phrases
- •List of words and expressions
- •List of questions
- •Simulation Game
- •International Scientific Conference “Modern Technologies”
- •1. The Opening Address
- •2. Outlining the symposium program.
- •3. Plenary Session
- •K.B.: Ms Poslamovskaya, what is of particular interest in your work?
- •4. Break Socializing during the break
- •(After the break)
- •5. Working Group Session on Chemical Engineering.
- •6. Closing notice
- •Grammar Reference Система видо-временных форм английского глагола в действительном залоге
- •Группа времен Simple
- •Present Simple
- •Past Simple
- •Future Simple
- •Группа времен Continuous (Progressive)
- •Группа времен Perfect
- •Present Perfect
- •Past Perfect
- •The Sequence of Tenses
- •Modal verbs
- •Глагол can (could)
- •Глагол may (might)
- •Глагол must
- •Глаголы should и ought to
- •Conditional sentences
- •The infinitive
- •The gerund
- •The participle
- •Список литературы
- •Содержание
- •400131, Г. Волгоград, пр. Ленина, 28
- •400131, Г. Волгоград, ул. Советская, 35
The gerund
Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, выражающая название действия, представленного как процесс, и обладающая свойствами глагола и существительного.
Формы герундия.
Forms |
Active |
Passive
|
Simple |
writing |
being written |
Perfect |
having written |
having been written |
Герундий не выражает времени. Простые формы герундия указывают, что действие, выраженное герундием, происходит обычно или совпадает во времени с действием, выраженным глаголом-сказуемым: I know of his studying French. - Я знаю, что он изучает французский.
Перфектные формы используются для обозначения действия, предшествующего действию глагола-сказуемого: I know of his having studied French. - Я знаю, что он изучал французский.
Примечание. В разговорном стиле, после глаголов remember, thank, excuse, forgive и предлогов on, after, without часто используются простые формы для обозначения предшествования: I remember meeting her at a party. - Я помню, что встречал ее на вечеринке.
Герундий в форме действительного залога выражает действие, совершаемое лицом или предметом: We insisted upon inviting this scientist to Prof. Ivanov’s lecture. - Мы настаивали на приглашении этого ученого на лекцию профессора Иванова.
Герундий в форме страдательного залога обозначает действие, производимое над лицом или предметом: We insisted on being shown the results. - Мы настаивали на том, чтобы нам показали результаты.
Примечание. После глаголов to want, to need, to deserve, to require и выражения to be worth употребляется активный герундий в пассивном значении:
Your watch needs repairing. - Ваши часы надо починить.
The book is worth reading. - Книгу стоит прочитать.
Поскольку в русском языке нет форм, соответствующих герундию, и изолированно, вне предложения, он не может быть переведен на русский язык, то при его переводе используются различные приемы. Герундий может быть переведен или неопределенной формой глагола, или отглагольным существительным, или деепричастием, или его значение может быть передано при помощи придаточного предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в личной форме:
I hate writing. - Терпеть не могу писать. Learning rules without examples is useless. - Заучивание правил без примеров бесполезно. I cannot translate this article without using a dictionary. - Я не могу переводить эту статью, не пользуясь словарем. I like being read to. - Я люблю, когда мне читают.
В современном английском языке герундий употребляется после:
1) глаголов: admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, confess, delay, deny, enjoy, fancy, give up, imagine, involve, keep (on), mention, mind, postpone, practise, put off, risk, suggest. E.g. Try to avoid reading in a bad light.
2) глаголов с предлогами:
a) agree with, aim at, apologize for, approve of, believe in, benefit from, care for, confess to, count on, depend on, feel like, insist on, object to, pay for, put up with, rely on, succeed in, think of, vote for. E.g. John is thinking of selling his motor-bike.
b) be afraid of, be ashamed of, be amazed at, be angry about/at, be aware of, be bored with, be capable of, be content with, be dependent on, be fond of, be good at, be guilty of, be interested in, be keen on, be happy about, be proud of, be satisfied with, be sorry about/for, be surprised at, be (get) used to, be worried about, be wrong with. E.g. What’s wrong with borrowing a little money?
c) accuse … of, blame … for, charge … with, congratulate … on, excuse … for, forgive … for, prevent … from, punish … for, remind … of, stop … from, suspect … of, thank … for, , warn … about. E.g. The article accuses the government of concealing important information.
3) существительных с предлогами: advantage of/in, aim of/in, amazement about, anger about/at, anxiety about, apology for, awareness of, belief in, difficulty (in), danger of/in, fear of, gratitude for, idea of, interest in, job of, pleasure of/in, point in, possibility of, problem of/in, reason for, satisfaction with, surprise in, task of. E.g..We expressed our gratitude for having had the opportunity.
4) предлогов: on, after, before, in, by, without, instead of, in spite of.
E.g. Mike went to his office in spite of being ill.
The Gerundial Construction
Герундиальный оборот представляет собой герундий с зависимыми словами и состоит из существительного (в притяжательном падеже) или местоимения (притяжательного или личного в объектном падеже) и герундия. На русский язык такие обороты переводятся придаточными предложениями, где английскому герундию соответствует сказуемое вводимыми словами: то, что. E.g. The man’s coming so early surprised us. То, что этот человек пришел так рано, удивило нас. We objected to your going there. - Мы возражали против того, чтобы вы пошли туда.
