- •Part I scientific work and studies unit I. Training Scientists in Russia
- •Words and word combinations to be memorized
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •2. Form nouns from the following verbs, translate into Russian:
- •8. Work in pairs asking these questions. Give both short and full answers.
- •Unit II. Postgraduate Studies in England
- •Words and word combinations to be memorized
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer 10 “What questions” on the text:
- •2. Form nouns from the following verbs, translate into Russian.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Unit III. At a Scientific Seminar
- •Words and word combinations to be memorized
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions on the text:
- •2. Form nouns from the following words with the help of suffixes used for people’s activities, specialities or professions. Translate into Russian, think of your own examples.
- •9. Work in small groups. Ask your partners questions about the theoretical part of their work. Use the following words and expressions.
- •Part II
- •International Business trip Unit I. An Invitation
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •2. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •3.4. Study the ways of concluding the letter:
- •3.5. Choose the correct way to close your letter depending on the greeting:
- •4. Write a letter of acceptance of an invitation according to the following plan:
- •1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary:
- •2. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Unit II. Arriving in England
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •Listen and practise a. Meeting at the airport
- •1. Listen to the conversation at the airport and answer the questions:
- •2. Work in pairs. Change some of the details in the conversation (names, jobs, places, the reasons for the visit, etc.). Act out the scene, then swap roles.
- •B. Checking in at the hotel
- •1. Alex Samarin and Paul Davis are checking in for the room at the hotel. Listen to the conversation and decide where the questions “a-e” go.
- •R.: Thank you. (2) ………………………………….?.
- •2. Work in pairs and act out this conversation.
- •3. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Reception
- •1. Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary:
- •2. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Unit III. The First Day in London a. Speaking on the phone
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •2. Act out the conversation:
- •3. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •4. Decide which of the verbs fit best in the following sentences. What other verbs could you use instead?
- •Are you ready to order? How much is that?
- •3. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary:
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Unit IV. Conference Registration
- •A. Getting registered.
- •1. Samarin is getting registered for the conference. Listen to the conversation and decide where the questions “a-d” go. A. Do you mean I must have it typed?
- •B. Looking through the file.
- •2. Read the dialogue and check your answers:
- •4. Work in groups. Find out about your partners’ experiences of looking after an English-speaking visitor. Ask questions about:
- •1. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.
- •Unit 5. The Opening Session.
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •2. Fill in the empty spaces with these words:
- •3. Write the English equivalents of the following phrases and complete the sentences with your own ideas.
- •4. Act as a chairman giving an opening address at an international conference. Include the following points:
- •B. Outlining the conference programme
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Imagine that you are the chairman of the scientific committee speaking to the participants of a conference. Address the audience and give general information about the conference:
- •1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary:
- •2. Translate into English.
- •Unit VI. A Working Group Session
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •A. Presenting a paper.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •B. Holding the discussion
- •3. Recollect the phrases from “Increase your vocabulary” which can be used during the discussion in order:
- •2. Translate into English.
- •Unit VII. Good-bye, London
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •A. Confirming the flight
- •B. Saying good-bye
- •2. Imagine that you are parting with an English colleague. Act out the farewell.
- •3. Learn the dialogue b and act out the parting following this conversation. Revise
- •1. Match 1-7 to a-g
- •2. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Part III
- •Grammar in scientific context
- •Unit I. Tenses in the Active Voice
- •The present simple tense
- •The past simple tense
- •The future simple tense
- •The present continuous (progressive) tense
- •The past continuous tense
- •The future continuous tense
- •The present perfect tense
- •The past perfect tense
- •The future perfect tense
- •The past perfect continuous tense
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •Revision of tenses
- •Unit II. The passive voice
- •Unit III. The Sequence of Tenses
- •Unit IV. Modal verbs
- •Unit V. Conditional sentences
- •Unit VII. The gerund
- •Unit VIII. The participle
- •Unit X. The Complex Sentence
- •Unit XI. Multifunctional Words
- •Text I Scientific imagination.
- •Text II National Research Council
- •1. Read the text and write an abstract of the text in 3 sentences.
- •Text III New trains, new business
- •1. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
- •Text V Eurobot designed to handle mundane tasks in space
- •1. Read the text and decide if the following statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •Text VI Sound-activated toys
- •1. Read the texts. Refer to the list below and fill in the blanks with the best word(s).
- •Text VII a new gene
- •1. Read the texts. Refer to the list below and fill in the blanks with the best word or words.
- •Part V supplement Opening phrases
- •List of words and expressions
- •List of questions
- •Simulation Game
- •International Scientific Conference “Modern Technologies”
- •1. The Opening Address
- •2. Outlining the symposium program.
- •3. Plenary Session
- •K.B.: Ms Poslamovskaya, what is of particular interest in your work?
- •4. Break Socializing during the break
- •(After the break)
- •5. Working Group Session on Chemical Engineering.
- •6. Closing notice
- •Grammar Reference Система видо-временных форм английского глагола в действительном залоге
- •Группа времен Simple
- •Present Simple
- •Past Simple
- •Future Simple
- •Группа времен Continuous (Progressive)
- •Группа времен Perfect
- •Present Perfect
- •Past Perfect
- •The Sequence of Tenses
- •Modal verbs
- •Глагол can (could)
- •Глагол may (might)
- •Глагол must
- •Глаголы should и ought to
- •Conditional sentences
- •The infinitive
- •The gerund
- •The participle
- •Список литературы
- •Содержание
- •400131, Г. Волгоград, пр. Ленина, 28
- •400131, Г. Волгоград, ул. Советская, 35
Глагол can (could)
Модальный глагол can имеет следующие значения:
1) Умственной или физической способности совершения действия:
We can solve this problem.
One can observe a new trend investigating research data.
2) Разрешения: Can we go home now? - Yes, you can go now.
3) Просьбы: Can you give me your dictionary, please?
4) Предположения (в официальном стиле): He can be in the conference
hall now.
5) Сомнения, удивления: It can’t be true. Can it be true?
Синонимом модального глагола can в значении способности является оборот “to be able to” - быть в состоянии, который может быть использован в любом времени. Модальный глагол can обозначает возможность совершить действие вообще, а оборот “to be able to” - в конкретном случае. E.g. I can play tennis, but I’m not able to play now., I don’t feel well.
Глагол may (might)
Модальный глагол may имеет следующие значения:
1) разрешения: May I come in?
Отрицательная форма may not, выражающая запрещение, употребляется редко. Для выражения запрещения предпочтительнее формы mustn’t, can’t: You mustn’t enter the room or You can’t enter the room.
Форма might употребляется в косвенной речи. Во всех других случаях в этом значении в прошедшем и будущем времени употребляются сочетания to be allowed to, to be permitted to: He was allowed to take his exams.
2) предположения, неуверенности: It may(might) rain today.
Глагол must
Этот глагол имеет только форму настоящего времени. У него следующие значения:
1) обязанность, долженствование: I must go to work at 7 a.m.
2) настоятельный совет: You must attend this conference.
3) категорическое запрещение: You mustn’t do it. Doing research one mustn’t take for granted what one sees.
4) уверенное предположение: а) с простым инфинитивом: There must be a library somewhere near here. б) с перфектным инфинитивом: We must have met before.
Для выражения долженствования в прошедшем и будущем времени употребляются выражения to have to и to be to:
1) Выражение to have to имеет значение вынужденной необходимости: I have to go now. Отрицательная и вопросительная форма образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола do в настоящем времени и did - в прошедшем времени: Did you have to stay there? I don’t have to stay here.
Для передачи значения отсутствия необходимости употребляется также модальный глагол needn’t (отрицательная форма глагола need - нуждаться): You needn’t do it today. В утвердительных и вопросительных предложениях глагол need употребляется редко.
2) Выражение to be to употребляется для выражения необходимости совершить действие либо согласно имеющейся договоренности либо заранее намеченного плана: We were to meet at 5.
Глаголы should и ought to
Эти модальные глаголы близки по значению и употребляются для выражения:
1) совета: You should be more careful.
2) морального обязательства: We ought to help her.
3) сожаления, упрека (в сочетании с перфектным инфинитивом): You should have submitted your paper beforehand.
При этом глагол should обозначает необходимость совершения действия как нечто требуемое, а ought to обозначает необходимость как моральный долг. Оба глагола употребляются только в настоящем времени.