Unit 20. Lung diseases. Tuberculosis.

Ex.1. Read the words and translate the text:

tuberculosis – туберкульоз; insidious onset – прихований початок; suspicion – підозра; surveillance – нагляд

Ex.2. Read the word combinations:

Pulmonary tuberculosis - туберкульоз легенів; to suffer from TB - хворіти на туберкульоз; to put the disease into the closed form - перевести хворобу у закриту форму; sick benefit -лікарняний; to be under dispensary surveillance бути на диспансерному обліку

Ex.3. Find substitutes for the following words combinations:

1. an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium;

2. sudden nosy expansion of air from the lungs;

3. saline fluid secret by the sweat glands;

4. prevention of the disease;

5. management and care of a patient or combatting of the existing disorder

(a. tuberculosis, b. prophylaxis, c. sweat, d. cough,

e. treatment)

Tuberculosis of the lungs

Tuberculosis is a widespread disease which affects different parts of the body: the lungs, bones and joints, kidneys, spleen, liver, etc. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common form. Tuberculosis is caused by tubercle bacilli which are found in the sputum of patients suffering from TB.

The onset of the disease is insidious. The patient usually complains of slight cough, loss of appetite, fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion. There is a slight rise of temperature. The patient sweats at night and does not feel rested in the morning.

If the district doctor at a polyclinic has the slightest suspicion of TB, the patient is sent immediately to a tuberculosis dispensary. If there is any need, the patient is sent to a special hospital or a sanatorium.

If the patient has TB bacilli in serum, then he stays in the hospital for no less than six or eight months. This is sufficient time for the doctors to put the disease into the so-called closed form.

After the course of treatment is completed, the patient is kept under dispensary surveillance for three years.

The prophylaxis of TB starts as soon as a baby is born. Antituberculosis vaccinations are administrated to all the babies in maternity homes. After that every year the child is checked for TB.

The treatment of TB of bones and joints, including restoration of the affected joints and bones of the spine, is the most important problem. We have some very promising results here. Our most urgent task is to make TB rare and exceptional.

Ex.4. Answer the questions:

1. Is tuberculosis a widespread disease which affects different parts of the body?

2. What is the most common form of tuberculosis?

3. What is tuberculosis caused by?

4. What does the patient usually complain of?

5. In what case is the patient sent immediately to a tuberculosis dispensary?

6. How long does the patient stay in the hospital if he has TB bacilli in serum?

7. How long is the patient kept under dispensary surveillance after the course of treatment is completed?

8. What is administrated to all the babies in maternity homes?

9. What is our most urgent task?

Ex.5. Read the words and do the exercises to the text:

acute – гострий; cause – причина; lining- оболонка; irritated – подразнений; swollen –набряклий; leak – просочуватись; to seek –шукати; similar – подібний; couple – пара; to inhale – вдихати; fume – дим; dust – пил; to require – вимагати

Ex.6. Match the word combinations:

acute inflammation –	сильний кашель
make up lining –	подразник легенів
leak fluids –	полегшити дискомфорт
severe cough –	утворювати оболонку
become irritated –	пропускати рідину
commonly referred to –	подразнюється
lung irritant –	звичайно відноситься
to relieve the discomfort –	гостре запалення