Rickets.

The first symptoms of rickets may appear very early when the child is only 2 or 3 months old.

The back of the head sweats and wet place appears on the pillow. The baby tosses his head from side to side and the back of the baby’s head becomes bald. The child often cries, sleeps badly. The child holds up his head later than other children do, sits later, walklater. Grown up children with rickets have protruding bellies, big heads and crooked legs.

The cause of rickets is lack of sunlight, vitamin “D” in the food and wrong care of the children.

If a mother feeds her baby correctly, keeps the baby in the open air for many hours, her baby will not have rickets.

Ex.5. Fill in the words: rickets, appear, side, sweat

1. The patient felt pain in his right… . 2. Red rash … on the body. 3. Lack of vitamin “D” in the food may cause … . 4. He worked hard in the garden and has face was covered with … .

Ex.6.Translate into English:

Батьки! Діти повинні багато бути на свіжому повітрі. Правильно годуйте своїх дітей, давайте їм вітамін Д – все це допоможе вам виростити здорових малюків!

Control Tests. Musculoskeletal Systems.

1. What are the functions of the musculoskeletal systems?

1. Moving. B. Transporting. C. Building. D. Moving and supporting.

E. Supporting .

2. What is the skeleton?

A. The framework of bones. B. The composition of bones. C. The box of bones. E. The building of bones. E. Lazy bones.

3. What science studies bones and their diseases?

1. Myology. B. Osteology. C. Cytology. D. Histology. E. Neurolory.

4. What science studies muscles and their diseases?

1. Osteology. B. Gynecology. C. Therapy. D. Myology. E. Cardiology.

5. The human skeleton consists of __ parts.

1. 1. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2. E. 3.

6. The bones of the skull are __.

1. Built closely. B. Movable. C. Isolated. D. Immovable. E. Simple.

7. The skull has __ bones.

1. 26. B. 20. C. 40. D. 16 .E. 21.

8. The scull consists of __.

1. Facial part. B. Facial and cranial parts. C. Cranial part. D. The head. E. all answers are wrong.

9. What is the function of cartilages?

1. Connective. B. Supportive. C. Transporting. D. Protective.

E. Osteopoiesis.

10. What for are the joints between the bones?

1. To connect bones together. B. To connect bones and let them to move. C. To move bones. D. To protect bones from injury. E. To prevent injuries.

11.There are many __ in the spine.

1. Ligaments. B. Bones. C. Cartilages. D. Joints. E.Vertebrae.

12. The __ and __ form the chest.

1. Ribs and breastbone. B. Trunk and limbs. C. Scapula and clavicula.

D. Maxilla and mandibula. E. Upper and lower limbs.

13. Arthritis is __.

1. Lack of calcium. B. Inflammation of a joint. C. Bone abscess.

D. Hypovitaminosis. E. Dead bone tissue.

14. What bone is absent in the upper limb?

1. Humerus. B. Femur. C. Ulna. D. Radius. E. Phalanges.

15. What bones can’t we see in the leg?

1. Femur. B. Tibia. C. Fibula.D. Knee cap. E. Ulna.

16. The joints allow the bones __.

1. To make noise. B. To move . C. To work together. D. To step.

E. To dance.

17. A break of bones is __.

1. Fracture. B. Rupture. C. Suture. D. Mixture. E. Tincture.

18. The science dealing with the effect of drugs of living organism is __.

1. Pathology. B. Pharmacology. C. Phytotherarapy. D. Biology.

E. Chemistry.

19. Novocaine is the medicine for relieving __.

1. Headache. B. Heartache. C. Local pain. D. Toothache. E. Earache.

20. Pain in joints is __.

1. Arthralgia. B. Arthroporosis. C. Arthropoiesis. D. Arthrogehesis.

E. Arthrotomia.

21. What does the term “scoliosis” mtan?

1. Brestbone curvature. B. Spinal curvature. C. Bone curvature.

D. Rib curvature. E. Joint curvature.

22. How many bones are there in the human body?

1. 216. B. 156. C. 168. D. 249 . E. 170.

23. What are main groups of muscles do you know?

1. Flexor and extensor. B. The head trunk and extremities. C. Voluntary and involuntary. D. Anterior and posterior. E. Front and back.

24. What is diaphragm?

1. The largest respiratory muscle. B. The longest respiratory muscle.C. The narrowest respiratory muscle. D. The type of respiration. E. The septum between cavities.

25. What is the definition of the term “myositis”?

A. Inflammation of muscles. B. Rupture of muscles. C. Lack of power in muscles. D. The tumor of muscles .E. Smooth muscle.

26. What parts does the trunk consist of?

A. The spine. B. The vertebral column. C. The chest, spine and pelvis. D. The chest and pelvis. E. A great number of vertebrae.

27. What part contains the brain?

1. Belly. B. Chest. C. Abdomen. D. Cranium. E. Trunk.

28. What must we do in case of dislocation?

1. Apply mustard plasters. B. Apply splints. C. Set a bone. D. Choose a diet. E. Jump upstairs.

29. Inflammation of bones and joints is __.

A. Ynarthrosis. B. Arthritis. C. Osteoarthritis. D. Arthralgia.

E. Osteoporosis.

30. What is the medical meaning of the musculus gluteus maximus?

1. To apply cups. B. To apply mustard plasters. C. To give medicines.

D. To take injections. E. To sit still.

31. What medicinal form is most usually used to relieve local pain in muscles?

1. Dragee. B. Tincture. C. Tablet. D. Powder. E. Ointment

32. First aid in fracture of the limb is __.

1. To put plaster casts. B. To use splints for broken limb. C. To let the person move. D. To put bandage on the place of fracture. E. To press on the place of pain.

33. What kinds of fractures do you know?

1. Open and closed. B. High and low. C. Oval and round. D. Painful and painless. E. Big and small.

34. What method is used to determine fractures?

1. Operation. B. X-rays. C. Bronchoscopy. D. Narcosis. E. Palpation.

35. The hospital department where patients with injuries are treated is called __.

1. Surgical department. B. Maternity department. C. Traumatology department .D. Neurology department. E. Dermatology department.

36. What must you do immediately in case of open fracture?

1. Stop the bleeding. B. Put the wet cloth on the wound. C. Apply a splint on the broken limb. D. Use X-rays to see the break. E. Make the dressing secure.

37. In case of injury of the spine you mustn’t __.

1. speak with the patient. B. render first aid. C. relieve the patient’s pain. D. Wash the patient’s face. E. move the patient.

38. The longest bone of the chest is __.

1. Femur . B. Sternum . C. Tibia. D. Humerus. E. Ulna.

39. The science which studies the structure of the humn body is __.

A. Myology. B. Osteology. C. Anatomy. D. Histology. E. Biology.