- •Introduction
- •Chapter # 1. The foundations of atomic-molecular studies. The laws and concepts of stoichiometry
- •Vocabulary
- •Subject and Tasks of Chemistry
- •General notions of atomic-molecular studies
- •Amount of substance. Mole. Avogadro’s Number. Molar mass
- •Number of moles of an element
- •Mass of an element (grams)
- •X Molar mass of element (Mm)
- •Number of atoms of an element
- •Example of solution
- •4. The laws and concepts of Stoichiometry
- •5. Types of chemical reactions
- •Chapter # 2. Atomic structure
- •Vocabulary
- •General notions
- •Theories of atomic structure
- •Figure 3. Spatial orientation of p-orbitals
- •3. Principles for distribution of electrons in atoms Distributions of electrons in atoms on energy levels and sub-levels may be presented in the form of electronic formulas.
- •Ground state
- •4. Valency and Oxidation number as function of electrons distribution
- •Practice problems
- •Chapter # 3. The periodic law and periodic table of chemical elements
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Formulation
- •2. Physical meaning of the chemical periodicity
- •3. The Periodic Table
- •Periodical table of chemical elements named by d.I. Mendeleev
- •Practice problems
- •Chapter # 4. Chemical bonding
- •Vocabulary
- •Types of Chemical Bonds
- •Ionic bond
- •Nonpolar-covalent bond
- •P olar-covalent bond
- •Figure 10. Formation of Hydrogen Bonds between water molecules
- •Figure 11. Depending of boiling-points (b.Pt) of double Hydrogen-contained compounds from nature of the second atom and presence of Hydrogen bonding
- •Why does Chemical Bond occur?
- •Practice problems
- •Сhapter # 5. Laboratory glassware, labware and rules of laboratory research
- •Vocabulary
- •Chemical glassware
- •2. Chemical reagents and their storage
- •3. Elementary operations carrying out
- •4. Safety rules during carrying out laboratory works
- •5. Rules for reagents and equipment use
- •6. Rules for work carrying out and results design
- •Chapter # 6. The main classes of inorganic compounds
- •Vocabulary
- •Classification of inorganic substances
- •Inorganic substances
- •Compounds
- •2. Relation between main classes of inorganic substances
- •3. Oxides
- •Preparation
- •Chemical properties
- •4. Bases
- •Preparation
- •Chemical properties
- •5. Acids
- •Preparation
- •Chemical properties
- •6. Amphoteric hydroxides
- •Preparation
- •7. Salts
- •Preparation
- •Chemical properties
- •Chemical properties
- •6. Thermal decomposition with medium salts formation:
- •Structural-graphic formulas of chemical compounds
- •Example of solution
- •Chapter # 7. Theory of electrolytic dissociation
- •Vocabulary
- •Solutions
- •Concentration of solutions
- •Molarity (molar concentration)
- •Theory of dissociation
- •Degree of dissociation
- •Main classes of inorganic substances from viewpoint of theory of electrolytic dissociation
- •6. Ionic equations
- •Laboratory training
- •Chapter # 8. Ionic product of water. Hydrolysis of salts
- •Vocabulary
- •Ionic product of water. Notion of pH
- •General notion of Hydrolysis
- •Different types of Hydrolysis
- •Laboratory training Experiment 1. Identification of reaction medium in solutions of salts
- •Experiment 2. Influence of temperature to hydrolysis
- •Chapter # 9. Oxidation-reduction reactions
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Oxidation of Elements
- •2. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
- •3. Compiling Equations of Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
- •4. Most Important Oxidizing and Reducing Agents
- •Types of Redox Reactions
- •Influence of Medium to Redox Reactions
- •Electromotive Series of Metals
- •Laboratory training Experiment 1. Reducing properties of metal ions of lower oxidation number
- •Chapter # 10. Complex (coordination) compounds
- •Vocabulary
- •1. General characteristics
- •2. Nomenclature
- •3. Rules for naming of coordination compounds
- •Laboratory training
- •Chapter # 11. The halogens
- •Vocabulary
- •1. General characteristics
- •2. Chlorine
- •Laboratory training
- •Experiment 2. Halogens oxidative activity in free state
- •Experiment 5. The salts of hydrohalogen acids insoluble in water
- •Chapter # 12. The chalcogens
- •Vocabulary
- •1. General characteristics
- •Industrial Information
- •2. Oxygen
- •3. Sulfur
- •Experiment 6. Dilution of concentrated Sulfuric acid
- •Experiment 9. Instability of thiosulfuric acid
- •Chapter # 13. Nitrogen, phosphorus
- •Vocabulary
- •1. General characteristics
- •Industrial Information
- •2. Nitrogen
- •3. Phosphorus
- •Phosphorus behaves as the typical non-metal. It reacts with Oxygen, formed acid oxides:
- •Experiment 2. Oxidation and reducing power of nitrous acid and Nitrites
- •Chapter # 14. Chemistry of main biometals
- •Vocabulary
- •1. The Alkali Metals
- •Industrial Information
- •2. Other bioactive metals
6. Rules for work carrying out and results design
At carrying out the laboratory works it is necessary to take all precautionary measures given in special instruction and in the methodical instructions.
Before the beginning of studies it is necessary to familiarize oneself with a theme of the work by the methodical instructions, textbooks and lecture notes. Before carrying out the laboratory work it is necessary to read attentively its description, to clarify vague questions with the instructor, to prepare all necessary required for carrying out practical work, and only after that begin its implementation.
During the work in chemical laboratory it is necessary to use special clothes - laboratory coat, and rubber gloves and mask if necessary. It is necessary to support cleanliness and order at the working place, it is not allowed to overload it with unnecessary subjects.
Before each laboratory work record in a logbook its title, date, description of an experimental section, figures and schemas of the necessary equipment. Give observations, corresponding equations of the reactions, calculations and conclusions. The laboratory work is considered as completed only after its defense before the teacher in individual order.
It is necessary to protect the methodical instructions, textbooks and logbook against spilling of solutions of acids, alkalis, salts and so on. It is forbidden to put flasks with reagents on the books and logbooks.
It is forbidden to carry out experiments, which are not stipulated by laboratory work without sanction of the teacher.
Chapter # 6. The main classes of inorganic compounds
Vocabulary
English |
Українська назва |
English |
Українська назва |
Oxide |
Оксид |
Basic salt, hydroxy salt |
Основна сіль |
Hydroxide |
Гідроксид |
Base |
Основа |
Chemical compound |
Хімічна сполука |
Noble/precious metal |
Благородний метал |
Complex substance |
Складна речовина |
Halogen |
Галоген |
Simple substance |
Проста речовина |
Chalcogen |
Халькоген |
Salt |
Сіль |
Alkali(ne) metals |
Лужні метали |
Neutral [normal] salt |
Середня сіль |
Alkaline-earth metals, earth metals |
Лужноземельні метали |
Acid salt |
Кисла сіль |
|
|
Sourses:
Introduction in General, Organic and Biochemistry, 7th Edition, by Morris Hein, Leo R. Best, Scott Pattison and Susan Arena, Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., 2001. (Chapters 7, 8, pp. 201-259);
http://www.informika.ru/text/database/chemy/Enu/Data/Ch17.html
http://www.chemtutor.com/acid.htm#salts
