4. Safety rules during carrying out laboratory works

All experiments with poison, fugitive, inflammable substances and substances with a specific odor are to be carried out in ventilating hoods.

It is forbidden to smell evolving gases, stooping close to a vessel. If it is necessary to smell the gas, cautiously direct by hand the flow of air from vessel to nose.

It is forbidden to leave working electrical and gas equipment without supervision.

At pouring liquids, and also at heating of vessel with liquid it is forbidden to stoop above it or to direct its aperture on other people, in order to prevent hit of drops of a liquid on the face or clothes. If drops of a liquid hit on the face or the hands, it is necessary to wash them off immediately with water and to wipe with rag. The drops of concentrated acid are to be washed off with a plenty of water then injured places are to be washed with weak soda solution. The alkali is necessary to be washed off with water until skin will not be slip.

In case of a fire in laboratory use the fire extinguisher. For extinguishing benzene, alcohol or ether, it is necessary to use sand, strewing flame with it. In case of thermal burn (by flame of the burner or hot subjects) it is necessary to moisten the burnt place with strong solution of Potassium permanganate so that the skin became brown, or to put cotton wool moistened with liquid against burns. If burns are heavy, it is necessary to call for the doctor immediately.

It is strictly forbidden to eat, to smoke, to taste anything, to make the disorder in chemical laboratory.

After the end of the work in the laboratory it is necessary to check up, that gas, heating, measuring or other electrical equipment is switched off.

5. Rules for reagents and equipment use

Solutions and solid reagents are to be stored in glassware (flasks, boxes), covered with glass (ground), rubber or cork stoppers. All flasks with reagents are to be kept closed and are to be opened only when being used. Closing flasks do not confuse stoppers, or reagents will be contaminated and unfit. Before taking the flask with reagent from the shelf, read the etiquette with its name attentively; after using it is necessary to bring the flask back.

All flasks with reagents always must be provided with the etiquette with the substance name or chemical formula. For solutions the concentration should be marked. Reagents in the flasks without etiquette are to be excluded and exterminated.

If there is no instruction on the reagents dosage, it is necessary to take reagent as little as possible, namely: the amount that covers the bottom of the test tube of solid substance and 1-2 mL of solutions. It is not allowed to bring remains of reagents back to the glassware where they were taken from. After the using of reagent it is necessary to cover the box or flask with stopper immediately and bring it back to its place.

Solid substances are to be taken with dry and clean horn, porcelain, metallic spoons or spreading rods (shovels), after using they are to be wiped thoroughly (the best is with filter paper).

When liquid is poured from the flask, keep the flask so that etiquette is on the top in order the drops of reagent flowing down could not damage etiquette. Practically, it is necessary to take the flask so that etiquette is in your palm and to take off the last drop of reagent with the edge of glassware where reagent is poured in. Using pipette, it is necessary to wash it thoroughly before taking the reagent from other flask.

At diluting the concentrated acid (Sulfuric especially) it is necessary to pour acid in water, but not on the contrary.

Excess amounts of reagents containing poisonous substances are not allowed to be poured to the sewerage; they are to be poured in special flasks.