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III. Russia

area площадь

city город

coal уголь

court суд

deep глубокий

district округ

eagle орел

earth земля

fauna фауна

flora флора

forest лес

lake озеро

live жить

ocean океан

oil нефть

ore [ɔ:] руда

peace мир

plain равнина

red красный

river река

sea море

than чем

total общий

wash омывать

west запад

white белый

banner знамя, флаг

beautiful красивый blue синий, голубой

border граница

capital столица

chamber палата

cultural культурный

desert пустыня

developed развитый

eastern восточный

friendship дружба

from … to от … до

hardly едва ли

in the south на юге

include включать

judicial судебный

lower нижний

mountain гора

occupy занимать

rather довольно

resources ресурсы

state государство

time время, раз

upper верхний

which который

zone пояс, зона

be rich in быть богатым

border on граничить с

climate ['klaimit] климат

condition [kən'di∫n] условие

consist of состоять из

control контроль, управлять

cooperation сотрудничество

ecology [i′kɔlədʒi] экология

ferrous из черного металла

globe земной шар, глобус

government правительство

great большой, великий

irrespective of независимо от

long длинный, долгий, давно

lowland низина, долина

mild [maild] мягкий, умерен­ный

moderate ['mɔdərit] умерен­ный

name называть, имя

non-ferrous цветной

north север; ~ ern северный

numerous многочисленный

population население

region край, область, район

square площадь, сквер, квадрат

surface поверхность

variety [və'raiəti] разнообразие

world мир

country [′k∧ntri] страна; деревня, сельская местность

belong принадлежать

chemical химический

power держава, власть

be famous for быть известным, быть знаменитым

Council ['kaunsl] of Fede­ration Совет Федерации

international международный; интернациональный

aircraft воздушное судно

be situated располагать(ся)

Pacific ocean [pə′sifik′ouən] Тихий океан

Supreme Court [sju'pri:m‘kɔ:t] Верховный суд

about о, около, приблизительно

aerоsрасе воздушное пространство

Caucasus [΄kɔ:kəsəs] Кав­каз

comprise включать, охва­тывать

Federal Council Совет Федерации

more более, больше, больший

Motherland родина, отчизна

power engineering энергетика

Prime Minister премьер-министр

executive [ig'zekjutiv] исполнительный

Federal Assembly Федераль­ное Собрание

highlands нагорье, горная местность

legislative [‘ledʒislətiv] законо­дательный

machine-building машиностроение

most большинство, большая часть, самый

multinational многонациональный

State Duma Государственная Дума

textile текстиль, текстильный; ткань

Westminster Abbey ['westminstə 'æbi] Вестминстерское аббатство

Russia (the official name — the Russian Federa­tion) is the largest country in the world. The country is situated in Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. It occupies about 1/6 of the Earth surface. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometres.

Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of three oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders on fourteen countries. It also has a sea-border with the USA.

The country has a great variety of flora and fauna. There are numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts in our land. The highest mountains are the Altai, the Urals, and the Caucasus. There are over 2 million rivers in the Russian Federation. The longest of them are the Volga, the Ob, the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur. Our land is also rich in various lakes. Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.

On the Russian territory there are 11 time zones. The climate conditions are rather different: from arc­tic and mild (moderate) — to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources coun­tries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals. It is one of the highly developed industrial pow­ers in the world. The main industrial branches are machine-building, aircraft, aerospace, automobile, tex­tile, chemical and others.

The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is over 140 million people. More than 100 different nations and nationalities live in the Russian Federation. Russian is the official language of the state. The national symbols of the Russian Federation are the state white-blue-red flag and 2-headed Eagle.

The Russian Federation is a constitutional state headed by the President. The President controls only the executive branch - the government, but not the Supreme Court and Federal Assembly. The country government con­sists of 3 branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative power belongs to the Federal Assembly comprising two chambers: the Council of Federation (upper Chamber) and the State Duma (lower Chamber). Each chamber is headed by the Speaker.

The executive power belongs to the Government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts.

The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations of the Globe irrespective of their political and social systems.

Moscow is the capital of our Motherland. Its popu­lation is over 10 million people. It is the largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial center of the coun­try and one of the most beautiful cities on the globe.