1 1 Numerals Числительные
Количественные |
Порядковые |
||
1 - one 2 – two 3 – three 4 – four 5 – five 6 – six 7 – seven 8 – eight 9 – nine 10 – ten 11 – eleven 12 – twelve |
13 – thirteen 14 – fourteen 15 – fifteen 16 – sixteen 17 – seventeen 18 – eighteen 19 – nineteen |
20 – twenty 30 – thirty 40 – forty 50 – fifty 60 – sixty 70 – seventy 80 – eighty 90 – ninety 100 – hundred 1000 - thousand |
1 – the first (первый) 2 – the second (второй) 3 – the third (третий) 4 – the fourth 5 – the fifth 13 – the thirteenth 15 – the fifteenth 20 – the twentieth 21 – the twenty-first 30 – the thirtieth 40 – the fortieth 100 – the hundredth |
½ - a half ¼ - a quarter ¾ - three fourths 1½ - one and a half 0.5 – zero (o, nought) point five 9.3 – nine point three 52.35 – fifty-two point thirty-five |
210 – two hundred and ten 3,525 – three thousand five hundred and twenty five 2,432,123 – two million four hundred and thirty two thousand one hundred and twenty three 322, 525, 432 - three hundred and twenty two million five hundred and twenty five thousand four hundred and thirty two |
1 2 The verb to be
утвердительные |
отрицательные |
||
I am a student / an artist. |
I am not a student / an artist. |
||
He, she, it is a student / an artist. |
He, she, it is not a student / an artist. |
||
We, you, are students / artists. they |
We, you, are not students / artists. they |
||
вопросительные |
|||
Am I a student? |
Yes, I am. / No, I am not. |
am I ? |
|
Is he, she, it a student? |
Yes, he is. / No, she isn’t. |
What is he, she, it ? |
|
Are we, you, students? they |
Yes, we are. / No, they are not. |
are we, you? they |
|
They are students. Они (есть) студенты.
Our house is in the centre of the town. Наш дом находится в центре города.
Present |
Past |
Future |
|||
I |
AM |
I, he, she, it |
WAS |
I, we |
SHALL BE |
he, she, it |
IS |
we, you, they |
WERE |
he, she, it, you, they |
WILL BE |
we, you, they |
ARE |
||||
I am a second-year student. Я студент второго курса.
This work will be interesting. Эта работа будет интересной.
утвердительные |
отрицательные |
I, he, she, it was |
I, he, she, it was not = wasn’t |
We, you, they were |
We, you, they were not = weren’t |
The students were not at the conference on Friday. В пятницу студенты не были на конференции.
He was not at the lecture on Friday. В пятницу он не был на лекции.
вопросительные |
вопросительные |
Was I, he, she, it … ? - No, (he) wasn’t. |
Where was I, he, she, it? |
Were we, you, they … ? – Yes, (they) were. |
Where were we, you, they ? |
Were the students at the conference on Friday? В пятницу студенты были
на конференции? – Yes, they were.
утвердительные |
отрицательные |
I’ll be = I shall be a manager. |
I shan’t be = I shall not be a manager. |
He, she, it’ll be = will be a manager. |
He, she, it won’t be = will not be a manager. |
We’ll be = we shall be managers. |
We shan’t be = we shall not be managers. |
You, they’ll be = will be managers. |
You, they won’t be = will not be managers. |
вопросительные |
|
Shall I, we be there? |
When shall I, we be there? |
Will he, she, it be there? |
When will he, she, it be there? |
Will you, they be there? |
When will you, they be there? |
This work will be interesting. Эта работа будет интересной.
He won’t be at the conference. Его не будет на конференции.
When will he be in Moscow? Когда он будет в Москве?
1
3
Оборот THERE + BE
утвердительные |
отрицательные |
There is some water in the bottle. |
There isn't a book / (any) water = There is no |
There are (some) books on the shelf. |
There aren't any books = There are no books |
There will be no lecture on physics tomorrow. Завтра не будет лекции по физике.
вопросительные |
вопросительные |
|
Is there a pen / any water ? Are there (any) books? |
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. |
What is there in the glass? |
Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. |
||
Два способа перевода оборота на русский язык:
Перевод начинается с обстоятельства
There are five faculties at our University. В нашем университете пять факультетов.
There are seven days in a week. В неделе семь дней.
There were no computers before 1940. До 1940 года не было компьтеров.
Перевод начинается со сказуемого, которое переводится: есть, имеется, существует
There are different methods of learning English words. Существуют (имеются, есть) различные методы заучивания английских слов.
NOTE: В обороте THERE+BE вместо глагола BE могут употребляться
следующие глаголы: to exist (существовать), to remain (оставаться), to follow
(следовать), to occur (иметь место, происходить) и т.д.
There exist many types of measuring instruments. Существует много типов измерительных приборов.
Present |
Past |
Future |
there is |
there was |
there will be |
there are |
there were |
There still remained much work to be done. Все еще оставалось много работы, которую нужно было сделать.