3. Составьте из данных слов вопросы в пассивном залоге:

Model: Question: The new road / still / build?

… Is the new road still being built? ...

Answer: Yes, they haven’t finished it yet.

Question: Where / the first car / manufacture?

… .

Answer: In the USA.

Question: how many mobile phones / sell/ recently?

… .

Answer: Millions!

Question: Who penicillin / discover / by?

… .

Answer: By Alexander Fleming.

Question: When / cure / find / for Aids?

… .

Answer: Very soon, I hope.

Question: When / the first real computers / build?

… .

Answer: During the Second World War.

Прочитайте и запомните следующие идиомы:

Cool it — to relax, calm down; to stop being so exited or angry.

Make ends meet — to earn just enough to live within one’s income.

Lock, stock and barrel — the whole of sth; all the parts of a thing; everything.

Pass the hat — to ask for contributions.

Penny for your thoughts — What are you thinking? Tell me what is on your mind.

Lesson 29

Reported Speech. Reporting questions.

Косвенная речь используется для передачи чужой речи. После глаголов, вводящих косвенную речь (reporting verbs) в форме настоящего времени, время глагола в придаточном предложении не меняется:

She says «I love him». → She says she loves him.

Если глагол в предложении, вводящий косвенную речь, употреблен в прошедшем времени, форма в придаточном смещается на один шаг:

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

«It is raining in my town». → She said it was raining in her town.

Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

«I was sleeping,» she told me. → She told me that she had been sleeping.

Present Simple → Past Simple

«I want to buy it,» he told me → He said that he wanted to buy it.

Past Simple → Past Perfect

«I saw your sister». → He said he had seen my sister.

Present Perfect → Past Perfect

«You’ve won the second prize,» the man announced → The man announced that they had won the second prize.

Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

«I have been driving for five years,» he said → He said that he had been driving for five years.

Future Simple → Future in the Past

«We’ll buy you a car,» parents promised. → Parents promised that they would buy me a car.

Изменения в обстоятельствах места и времени при изменении прямой речи в косвенную:

here there

now then

this / these that / those

today that day

tomorrow the next day/the following day

yesterday the day before/the previous day

last week the week before

next week the following week

ago before

Если при переходе в косвенную речь меняется субъект предложения, то используется придаточное с союзом that:

«We’ll go with you.» → They agreed to go with me.

«You can go with us!» → They agreed that I should go with them.

Модальные глаголы would, could, might, ought, should не меняются в косвенной речи, остальные меняются следующим образом:

must → had to «I must go.» → He said he had to go.

can → could «I can do it». →He said he could do it.

may→ might «I may do it». → He said he might do it.

Reporting questions

Косвенные вопросы начинаются со следующих выражений:

Can you tell me what time the film starts? (сравни: What time does the film start?)

I’d like to know where I can buy tickets? (сравни: Where can I buy tickets?)

Could you tell me if / whether she is going to call me tonight? (сравни: Is she going to call me tonight?)

Could you tell me how to get to the theatre? / how I get to the theatre? (сравни: How do I get to the theatre?)

В косвенных вопросах не ставится знак «?». Грамматические формы изменяются так же, как и в утвердительных предложениях с косвенной речью; порядок слов такой же, как и в утвердительном предложении. Союзы if или whether используются для общих вопросов (yes/no):

«Are you okay?» → He asked me if I was okay.

«Where do you live?» → He wanted to know where I lived.

«Are you a headmaster?» → He asked me if/whether I was a headmaster.

Косвенное выражение вежливой просьбы, совета или предупреждения строится по схеме:

ask/tell/advise/warn + object (дополнение)+ infinitive

«Listen, please!» → He asked/told us to listen.

«Be careful!» → He advised/warned us to be careful.

Practice: