- •Авт.-сост.: е.В.Архипова, и.Н.Гуцко, в.В.Мишота, 2006 уо мгпу, 2006 предисловие
- •Vocabulary
- •Sacred Writings
- •Practicing Religion
- •Some Religious Symbols and Notions
- •Etymology
- •Religion and science
- •Spirituality
- •Text 2 why believe? Modern reasons for adherence to religion
- •Modern reasons for rejecting religion
- •Text 3 Development of religion
- •Present day religious adherence and trends
- •Perception of Nature
- •Role of Religion
- •Major Religions
- •Judaism
- •Christian Tradition
- •Hinduism
- •B uddhism
- •Discuss the questions preceding the text.
- •Select the correct ending to the following statements and explain what areas or countries the other choices are true of.
- •D evelop the following ideas and let your classmates add to what you can say.
- •Text 2.
- •1. Christianity
- •2 . Buddhism
- •3. Islam
- •Hinduism
- •1 . Have you found the answers to all the questions?
- •Write out the vocabulary from the text that can be used as key-words and help you to present the information about the chosen religion. Pay special attention to the specific notions.
- •Roleplay:
- •Text 3. Religious beliefs and international business Opportunities and Liabilities
- •Major Religious Holidays
- •Women in Business
- •Discussion activities
- •F ocus on speaking and writing
- •Unit 3 rreligion in the usa and in the united kingdom text 1
- •What religions are most common in the u.S.?
- •Before you read, decide if the following statements are true (t) or false (f). Discuss your answers with your classmates.
- •F ind some information in the reading that surprises you. Discuss it with your classmates.
- •2. Find a synonym for the word given in the paragraph indicated.
- •3. Circle the letter of the choice that best completes each sentence.
- •Text 2 Religion in the u.S. A
- •3 . After-reading task.
- •Language Focus
- •Read the text carefully. Complete these sentences.
- •Paraphrase or explain the meaning of the following word combinations:
- •5. Discussion.
- •Text 3 State and Church
- •Return to Religion?
- •Freedom of Religious Beliefs
- •Text 4 listening comprehension a national religion
- •Listen to a brief talk on religion in the usa and say if there is an organized national church in that country.
- •Listen to the talk again and answer these questions:
- •Protestantism in America
- •1. Vocabulary Check
- •2. Write t if the statement is true and f if it is false according to the information in the chapter.
- •3 . Questions for Discussion and Composition
- •Close Summary Paragraph. This paragraph summarizes the text. Fill in each blank with any word that makes sense.
- •Text 6 Churches in Great Britain
- •E xplain the meaning of the following words and word combinations. If you don’t know them look them up in the dictionary
- •2 . Work in groups. Read the two texts about religion in the United kingdom attentively and say
- •The Church of England
- •The Church of Scotland
- •The Free Churches
- •The Roman Catholic Church
- •Other Religious Communities
- •Text 7 Festivals of faith
- •Ester Becomes Chocolate Sunday Faith Moves a Mountain
- •Speaking
- •Paganism
- •The development of Byelorussian Orthodox Church
- •Religions In Belarus
- •Law of the Republic of Belarus
- •Chapter 1. General Provisions
- •Chapter 2. Religious Organisations in the Republic of Belarus
- •Chapter 3. Property Status of Religious Organisations
- •Chapter 4. Right of Religious Organisations and Citizens Bound with the Freedom of Religions
- •Chapter 5. Regulations of Labour Relations in Religious Organisations and the Enterprises Created by Them
- •Chapter 6. Ensuring the Observance of the Legislation on the Freedom Religion and Religious Organisations
- •Project work
- •Tours for Orthodox Christianity Followers
- •Tour for Roman Catholicism Followers
- •6 Days/ 5 nights
- •Tours for Judaism Catholicism Followers
- •Text 4 The Development of the Russian Orthodox Church
- •The Russian Orthodox Church Today
- •Russian Orthodox churches
- •Criticism of Religion
- •Warning
- •Social construct
- •Irrationality
- •Intellectual confinements
- •Dogmatism
- •Arbitrary restrictions
- •Eschatologically Irresponsible
- •Moral deficiency
- •Narcissism
- •Religious wars
- •Religious violence
- •Individual religious violence
- •Collective religious violence
3. Islam
I slam(Arabic: الإسلام al-islām) "the submission to God" is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the world's second-largest religion.
Followers of Islam, known as Muslims, believe that God (or, in Arabic, Allāh) revealed his direct word for mankind to Muhammad (c. 570–632) and other prophets, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Muslims assert that the main written record of revelation to humankind is the Qur'an, which they believe to be flawless, immutable, and the final revelation of God to humanity. Muslims believe that parts of the Gospels, Torah and Jewish prophetic books (though originally divine in their nature) have been forgotten, misinterpreted, incorrectly edited by humans, or distorted by their followers and thus their original message has been corrupted over time. With that perspective, Muslims view the Qur'an as a corrective of Jewish and Christian scriptures, and a final revelation.
Most Muslims regard paper copies of the Qur'an with extreme veneration, wrapping them in a clean cloth, keeping them on a high shelf, and washing as for prayers before reading the Qur'an. Old Qur'ans are not destroyed as wastepaper, but burned or deposited in Qur'an graveyards.
Almost every Muslim has memorized some portion of Qur'an in the original language. Those who have memorized the entire Qur'an are known as hafiz. This is not a rare achievement; it is believed that there are millions of hafiz today including many children.
From the beginning of the faith, most Muslims believed that the Qur'an was perfect only as revealed in Arabic. Translations were the result of human effort and human fallibility, as well as lacking the inspired poetry believers find in the Qur'an. Translations are therefore only commentaries on the Qur'an, or "translations of its meaning", not the Qur'an itself. Many modern, printed versions of the Qur'an feature the Arabic text on one page, and a vernacular translation on the facing page.
Islam has three primary branches of belief, based largely on a historical disagreement over the succession of authority after Muhammad's death; these are known as Sunni, Shi'ite and Kharijite. The basis of Islamic belief is found in the "two testimonies": lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadur-rasūlu-llāhi — "There is no god worthy of worship but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of God." In order to become a Muslim, one needs to recite and believe in these statements. Sunnis further regard this as one of the five pillars of Islam.
From the western perspective, the Islamic tradition is difficult to understand. It touches all aspects of life, it emphasizes fatalistic values, and it is religiocentric. In most of the Muslim world, politics is religion, and religion is politics. "Five Pillars" of Islam provide guidelines for every sphere of life. Here they are:
Repetition of the creed. "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah." These words are heard everywhere in the Muslim world.
Prayer, which is a central ritual. Muslims pray five times a day - upon rising, at noon, in the midafternoon, after sunset, and before retiring. The prayer ritual is very structured: One must face Mecca, recite a prescribed prayer, and be prostrate with the head to the ground.
Almsgiving, which began as a voluntary activity and has become codified into Islamic society. All Muslims are legally required to give part of their income to the destitute. This amounts to about two and one half percent of their incomes.
Fasting, a tradition observed during a holy month. Muslims are required to fast between sunup and sundown.
Pilgrimage. Once in a lifetime every Muslim is expected to make a pilgrimage to Mecca.
There are six basic beliefs shared by all Muslims:
Belief in God, the one and only one worthy of all worship.
Belief in all the Prophets and Messengers sent by God.
Belief in the Books sent by God (including the Qur'an).
Belief in the Angels.
Belief in the Day of Judgement and in the Resurrection (life after death).
Belief in Destiny (Fate). (Note that this does not mean one is pre-determined to act or live a certain life. God has given the free will to do and make decisions).