Основні часи групи Perfect

Формула: have/has + Ved/V3 смислового дієслова.

Часи групи Perfect утворюються за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to have у відповідному часі та особі Participle II смислового дієслова.

Часи групи Perfect вживаються для вираження дії, яка завершена до певного моменту в теперішньому, минулому або майбутньому. Цей момент виражається словами типу: today, this week (month, year), already, just, ever, not yet тощо - для Present Perfect; для Past і Future Perfect – by 4 o’clock або іншою дією в минулому або майбутньому.

	Вживання	Приклад	Переклад
Present Perfect Perfect	Дія здійснилася – чаc не зазначено (не цікавить) Дія здійснилася до якогось моменту в теперішньому Дія здійснилася – час дії не скінчився. S+have/has+Ved/V3 S+haven`t/hasn`t+Ved/V3 Have/has+S+Ved/V3	He has already done his work She has just written a letter. Take it. The physician has already examined this patient today.	Він уже виконав свою роботу. Вона тільки що написала лист. Візьміть його. Лікар вже оглянув цього хворого сьогодні.
Past Perfect Perfect	Дія здійснилася до чогось, до якогось моменту в минулому. S+had+Ved/V3	When I came she had already written this article.	Коли я прийшов, вона вже написала цю статтю.
Future Perfect	Дія здійснилася до чогось, до якогось моменту в майбутньому. S+will have+Ved/V3	The doctor will have examined this patient by 2 p.m. tomorrow.	Доктор обстежить цього хворого до 2 години завтра.

Exercises on Perfect Tenses

Ex1Open brackets using Present Perfect

1.1 am eating my breakfast. 2. We are drinking water. 3. He is bringing them some meat and veg­etables. 4. You are putting the dishes on the table. 5, They are having tea. 6. She is taking the dirty plates from the table. 7. The children are putting on their coats. 8. The pupils are writing a dicta­tion. 9. My friend is helping me to solve a diffi­cult problem. 10. I am learning a poem. 11. She is telling them an interesting story. 12. Kate is sweep­ing the floor. 13. The waiter is putting a bottle of lemonade in front of him. 14. Susan is making a new dress for her birthday party. 15. She is open­ing a box of chocolates.

Ex2 Open the brackets using Past Simple or Past Perfect.

1. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 2. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 3. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 4. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 5. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 6. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he (to bring) from the field. 7. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands. 8. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework. 9. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come). 10. Tom (to re­turn) from the cinema at five o'clock. 11. Tom (to return) from the cinema by five o'clock. 12. I (to finish) my homework at seven o'clock. 13. I (to finish) my homework by seven o'clock. 14. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money. 15. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film. 16. When I (to wake) up yesterday, father already (to go) to work. 17. Nick (to think) that his father (not yet to come) home. 18. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good dinner. 19. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer. 20. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

Ex 3 Put the verb in correct form paying attention to Past Perfect

1.Joe began to work on his own project after the company … (to fire) him.2.… (to hear) the news on the radio before you saw the program on TV?3.Jacob didn’t want to read the book because he … (to see) already the movie.4.The match … (to begin) already when we … (to enter) the stadium.5.Until Susan … (to meet) Jeremy, she never … (to fall) in love.6.Mr. Smith … (to smoke) for year before he … (to decide) to give up this bad habit.7.… (to drive) Kate ever on the highway by herself before that accident?8.How many butterflies … (to catch) the boys by the time it started raining?9.Parents … (to forbid) them to go to the forest, hadn’t they?

Ex3 Open the brackets using Future Perfect if it`s necessary

1. We (to come) home by the evening tomorrow.2. We (to finish) his project by the end of the next week?3. She (to do) my homework by five o’clock tomorrow.4. When I come home tomorrow, my family (to have) lunch.5. When they (to come) to the party tomorrow, I (to cook) dinner. I (to finish) it by 5 pm.6. If the weather is fine, we (to go) to the picnic.7. You (to complete) the project by the end of the week?8. What you (to do) by the end of the year?9. What you (to make) by five o’clock tomorrow?10. You (to finish playing) tennis by 7 pm?11. You (to do) this project by next Friday?

Exercises on Indefinite, Progressive, Perfect

Ex 1 Open the brackets using Present Perfect, Present Continuous, Present Simple or Past Simple.

1. Please give me a pencil, I (to lose) mine. 2. I (not to meet) Peter since Monday. 3. Nina just (to finish) work. 4. Where Sergei (to be)? — He (to go) home. He (to leave) the room a minute ago. 5. What you (to read) now? — I (to read) "Jane Eyre" by Charlotte Bronte. 6. They (to read) "Ivanhoe" by Walter Scott a month ago. What about you? You (to read) "Ivanhoe"? 7. My watch (to stop). There (to be) something wrong with it. 8. You (to see) Jack today? — Yes, I (to see) him at the institute. 9. You (to hear) the new symphony by M.? — Yes, I... . — When you (to hear) it? — I (to hear) it last Sunday. 10. You (to change) so much. Anything (to happen)? 11. What you (to do) here at such a late hour? You (to write) your composition? — No, I (to write) it already. I (to work) at my report. — And when you (to write) your composition? — I (to finish) it two days ago. 12. I say, Tom, let's have dinner. — No, thank you, I al-I ready (to have) dinner. 13. What the weather (to be) like? It still (to rain)? — No, it (to stop) raining.

Ex 2 Open the brackets using Present Perfect, Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple or Past Continuous.

1. They (to go) to the Hermitage last week. 2. They (to be) to the Hermitage twice this week. 3. After school yesterday he (to come) home, (to have) dinner, (to read) an article from the latest magazine and (to begin) doing his homework. 4. When your friend (to return) from the south? — She (to return) yesterday. — You (to go) to the station to meet her? — No, I..., I (to be) too busy. 5. With whom you (to discuss) this question yesterday? 6. I (to see) this film this week. I like it very much. 7. When I (to enter) the kitchen, I (to see) that my mother (to stand) at the table and (to cut) some cabbage. She (to cook) dinner. 8. As soon as I (to hear) a cry, I (to run) out of the room and (to see) that a child (to lie) on the ground and (to cry). "What (to happen)? Why you (to cry)? You (to hurt) yourself?" I asked. 9. As soon as I (to see) him, I (to understand) that he (to work) hard. He (to write) something and (not to notice) anything. 10. When I (to come) home yesterday, the children (to run) and (to sing) merrily. "We (to learn) a new song!" they cried. 11. When the young man (to enter) the room, she (to look) at him in surprise.

"What you (to want) to tell me?" she (to say). "Why you (to come)?" 12. It (to rain) hard when I (to leave) home yesterday, so I (to return), (to put) on my rain­coat and (to start) again. 13. Your brother (to re­turn) from the north? — Yes, he (to come) a few days ago. 14. You (to be) to the Crimea? When you (to be) there? — I (to be) there in 1993. 15. Where (to be) your brother? — He just (to come) home. He (to take) a shower in the bathroom now.

Ex 3 Open the brackets using Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect.

Last night we (to go) to a football match. We (to take) a bus. The bus (to be) full of people as many people (to want) to see the match. We (to get) off the bus and (to go) in the direction of the stadium. While we (to cross) the road, I (to see) Victor. He (to stand) at the corner. He said he (to wait) for his friend who (to come) to St. Petersburg the day before and (to wish) to see the new stadium. A man (to come) up to me and asked if I (to have) a spare ticket for the match. Victor told us that two boys just (to ask) him whether he (to have) a spare ticket. We (to enter) the stadium just as the foot­ball players (to come) out on to the field. At the entrance to the stadium we (to meet) Sergei. He (to show) us to our seats and we (to agree) to meet in the refreshment-room during the interval. He (to ask) me if I (to play) football in my childhood.