Інфінітив (Infinitive) та Герундій(Gerund)

Інфінітив – неозначена форма дієслова (to speak, to read). Це початкова форма, яка означає дію, не називаючи особи, числа, часу. Інфінітив Ознакою інфінітива є частка to: Інфінітив має такі форми:

Active		Passive
Simple	to ask	to be asked
Progressive	to be asking	-
Perfect	to have been	to have been asked
Perfect Progressive	to have been asking	-

Форми інфінітиву Simple і Progressive означають дію, означну з дією присудка, причому форма Progressive показує тривалу дію;

Герундій – безособова форма дієслова, що виражає процес дії та має ознаки як іменника, так і дієслова та формується за допомогою додавання до дієслова закінчення - ing (V+ing)( reading, speaking). Характерною ознакою герундія є прийменник, присвійний займенник або іменник у присвійному або загальному відмінку, що стоять перед ним.

Форми герундія збігаються з формами дієприкметника І (форми, відповідної до дієприкметника ІІ, герундій не має).

Active	Passive
Simple asking	Being asking
Perfect having asked	Having been asked

Форми герундія Simple (Active і Passive) означають дію присудка. Форми Perfect (Active і Passive) означають дію, що передує дії присудка.

Інфінітив та герундій використовуються зазвичай після наступних дієслів

Infinitive (with to)	Gerund V+ing
after certain verbs (want, seem, offer, decide, hope, afford, agree, arrange, promise, refuse, manage) Eg He promised to help us with the decorations	after certain verbs (enjoy, avoid, imagine, consider, finish, miss, practice, involve, carry on, suggest). Eg This job involves working in the evening.
after certain verbs + object (persuade, convince, encourage, allow, advise) Eg Our mother allowed us to eat the cake.	after prepositions EgHe was found guilty of lying in court
BUT: hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, feel + bare infinitive to describe a complete action, something that somebody saw, heard, etc. from beginning to end. Eg I listened to James sing a song. (I listened to the song from beginning to end.)	after the verbs: hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, and feel to describe an incomplete action, that is to say that somebody saw, heard, etc. only a part of the action. Eg I listened to James singing a song. (I listened to part of the song. I didn't listen to the whole song.)

Some verbs have different meaning with Gerund and Infinitive
stop doing – to finish some action He stopped trusting people after his parents’ divorce.	stop to do – to pause in order to do something We stopped to drink some water because we were thirsty.
remember doing – to have the memory of doing an action I remember swimming in the sea for the first time in my life.	remember – to do an action you should do I remembered to water the flowers when I was leaving the house.
regret doing – you feel regret afterwards I regret going to that party – it was terribly boring!	regret to do – you feel regret before you do it I regret to reject your offer.
try doing – do something to see what will happen Have you ever tried mixing Mentos with Coca Cola and shaking it?	try to do – make an attempt I tried to tell him but he didn’t listen.

Exercises on Infinitive and Gerund

Ex 1 Choose correct form

1.  Miranda stopped  _______________ the horror film as it was getting too scary. (watch).2.  I was late for work because I stopped _______________  to some friends. (talk).3 I will never forget ____________that terrible accident..4 Do you remember  ________your best friend for the first time?(meet).5 I regret to ________you,but you've failed your English exam.(to tell).6 You should stop ____________her.She is a great liar. (to see).7 Last night Melike tried hard____________the car,but she couldn't.(to start).9 Let's stop  ____________a drink.I know a good pub on the corner.(to have).10 I clearly remember ____________her.She looked great in her suit.( to see).11 Why don't we stop____________ homework and play some computer games?( to do).12 If you see Nazlэ,remember ____________her to the party.( to invite)

13 I can't make a cake.I remember ____________one many years ago.It was as hard as a rock. (to make).14 You should try ____________your best.I know  you can do much better.(to do).15 I don't remember _____________Hicran.She is a total stranger to me.(to see).16 When we arrived in Venice,we stopped _____________Sinem.She was so glad to see us.(to see).17 Onur tried hard _____________the exam,but he couldn't.(to win).18 We stopped _____________some souveniers,but no shops were open. (to buy).20 Yes Sevde,you may go to your friend's house.But try ______________________late. (not/to be) 21 He stopped _____________and started wrestling.(to smoke) 22 I always remember _____________the door when I go out.(to lock)

Ex 2 Complete the sentences with true information about yourself

1.I have never tried….. 2.I stopped…. 3.I remember…. 3.I find it difficult to remember to…. 5.I once tried to …. 6.I stopped to ….

Ex 3Choose correct variant Complete the sentence with the correct form (infinitive or gerund) of the verb

1. I intend _________ to Brazil in August. (go).2. I arranged _________ my vacation during the last two weeks. (take).3. I considered __________ to Venezuela or Argentina first. (go).4. But I decided _________ them for next year. (leave).5. The government has demanded me ________ a visa to go to Brazil. (get).6. That involves _________ in a long line at the consulate. (stand).7. I didn't mind ________ the $45 fee. (pay).8. But I hate _______ in lines. (wait).9. I also detest _________ passport photos. (get).10. I really want ________ the country, so I did it. (see).11. I haven't begun _________ yet. (pack).12. I'll start soon because I can't stand ________ in a rush. (pack).13. I remembered _________ my neighbor to take care of my dog. (ask).14. He doesn't really mind _________ behind. (stay).15. But he always loves ________ us come back! (see)

Ex4 Change the phrases in a bold with infinitive

E.g. He is so old that he cannot skate. He is too old to skate.

1. The problem is so difficult that it is impossi­ble to solve it. 2. The box is so heavy that nobody can carry it. 3. The baby is so little that it cannot walk. 4. He is so weak that he cannot lift this weight. 5. She is so busy that she cannot talk with you. 6. She was so inattentive that she did not notice the mistake. 7. The rule was so difficult that they did not understand it. 8. He was so stu­pid that he did not see the joke. 9. She has got so fat that she cannot wear this dress now. 10. The accident was so terrible that I don't want to talk about it. 11. They were so empty-headed that they could not learn a single thing. 12. The window was so dirty that they could not see through it. 13. She was so foolish that she could not understand my explanation. 14. I have very little wool: it won't make a sweater.

Ex 7Complete the sentences with the correct form (infinitive or gerund) of the verb.

Early automobiles

Many inventors were trying ________ (build) gas-powered, self-propelled vehicles in the late 1800's. A French inventor succeeded in ________ (create) a steam-powered tricycle in 1769. A German engineer, Niklaus August Otto, is known for _________ (invent) the four-stroke gas-powered engine in 1876. Both Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz managed ________ (build) and _______ (sell) autos in Germany in the 1880s.

By 1898 there were 50 companies responsible for ________ (market) cars in the United States alone. That number happened __________ (expand) to 241 by 1908. It was in 1908 when Henry Ford started ______ (make) automotive history. It was in that year that he managed ________ (put) together the first assembly line and _______ (lower) the price of automobiles so that everyone could buy one. He began ________ (arrange) workers so that they could each do a small part of the job in sequence. This prevented ________ (repeat) a log of unnecessary steps in the assembly process. By 1913 he managed ________ (produce) 250,000 cars a year. His first mass-produced car, the Model T, guaranteed ______ (give) modest-incomed Americans decent transportation for a reasonable ($500 USD!) price.

Henry Ford went on ________ (lead) the U.S. automobile industry for many years. Though he tried, he failed ________ (get) elected to the U.S. Senate in 1918. His company was started with just $28,000 and, by 1913, managed ________ (pay) dividends of $11 million.

While Ford declined _______ (give) away more than a modest amount during his lifetime, the Ford Foundation arranges ________ (donate) millions of dollars each year to deserving causes.