6.4. Famous Scientists and Inventors

Vocabulary

a science – наука

a discipline/a subject – дисципліна, предмет

a scientist – науковець

a scholar – вчений

to discover – відкривати

to invent – винаходити

knowledge – знання

to know – знати

information – інформація

human brain – людський мозок

weapons – зброя

progressive – прогресивний

a primitive tool – примітивне знаряддя

a stone – камінь

a hand axe – ручна сокира

a knife – ніж

to lead (led, led) – привести до

an evolution – еволюція

human civilization – людська цивілізація

natural sciences – природничі науки

exact sciences – точні науки

the humanities – гуманітарні науки

age – вік

method of experiments – метод експериментів

a theory – теорія

Exercise 1. a) Find out the meaning of the given words in a list. Complete the table with necessary word forms:

Informative, to know, discovery, to invent, information, brain, invention, to develop, knowledgeable

verb	noun	adjective
----	scientist
to discover		----
		inventive
	knowledge
----		brainy
	development	----
to inform

2. Translate the following combinations and sentences

• відомий науковець, молодий вчений, людський мозок, складна дисципліна, працювати над, сучасний винахід, важливий для суспільства;

• Людський мозок виконує мільйони процесів за 1 секунду.

• Книга цього молодого вченого є дуже інформативна.

• Науковці винайшли антибіотики.

• Інтернет – це один із найважливіших винаходів сучасного суспільства.

• Фізика, хімія та математика – це складні дисципліни для мене.

• Багато науковців та вчених працюють над комп’ютерними технологіями.

Exercise 2. Read the text and give it a title:

It is very hard to even think about early man оn the Earth when he had no home, no instruments or weapons, and no clothes. Man, unlike other living beings, has a more active and functional brain. However, his brain is not the only thing which has made him far more progressive and developed than any other animal.

The first invention of man is a primitive tool which consisted of a stone and served for different purposes. After this basic tool, man made the hand axe, knife, and many other instruments. All these discoveries and inventions led to the evolution of human civilization.

The word “Science” comes from the Latin word “Scientia” which means knowledge. Science is probably the most important and helpful subject of study for human race.

The age of science really began in the middle of the 17th century. Robert Boyle was the first scientist to introduce the method of experiments. In this period, different universities and academies were opened in different countries of Europe such as England, France and Germany.

We should distinguish between:

1. Natural sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, etc.)

2. Exact sciences (Maths, Computer Science, etc.)

3. the Humanities (History, Literature, Languages, Law Studies, etc.)

Exercise 3. Answer the following questions:

1. Does a man have a functional brain?

2. How did people live many years ago?

3. When did the age of science begin?

4. Who was the first scientist who introduced the method of experiments?

5. What is the most helpful and important subject of study human race?

Exercise 4. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. After this basic tool, man made the fork.

2. Man has a more active and functional brain.

3. The word “Science” comes from the Latin word “Scientia”.

4. Alfred Nobel was the first scientist to introduce the method of experiments.

5. The age of science really began in the middle of the 12th century.

Exercise 5. Match the part A with the part B. Which of the objects would you use if you wanted to:

A B

1. lazer 1. see if someone had broken a bone?

2. telescope 2. make something tiny look larger?

3. syringe 3. improve efficiency in a factory?

4. robot 4. take blood from someone or inject a medical drug

into them?

5. X-ray machine 5. search for new planets and stars?

6. microscope 6. perform a delicate medical operation or cut through

a diamond?

Exercise 6. How much do you know about famous scientists? Make statements about the people choosing the correct information from the table:

Isaac Newton Charles Richter Marie Curie Galileo Jacques Cousteau Pythagoras Nicolas Copernicus Vasco da Gama

invented discovered devised

Radium The orbits of the planets Mathematical laws The telescope The aqualung(used in scuba diving) A sea route to India, going to Africa The law of gravity A scale for measuring earthquakes

*Exercise 7. Read and translate the text. Continue the text with the list of other important inventions and give them descriptions: