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  1. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Modal Verbs with the Perfect Infinitive:

The earliest life forms ought to have appeared over three billion years ago. 2. Chance mutations may not always have been successful. 3. The tropical zone should have suffered most of the process of erosion. 4. The condensation theory proposes that the Sun could have formed from a large cloud of dust and gas. 5. The decay of radioactive elements ought to have heated the Earth until its internal temperature rose to about 7000 C. 6. A generation ago it may have been restricted discussion of environmental modifications of fauna, flora and soil. 7. In nature genetic experiments must have been constantly carried out.

  1. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Infinitive Passive Voice:

These substances may be used n agriculture. 2. The properties of this element must be described in detail. 3. These distances can be measured with great accuracy. 4. This phenomenon cannot be observed in nature. 5. This theorem can be easily proved. 6. A large number f experiments had to be made on electrons of the given speed. 7. It is to be assumed that the results obtained will influence greatly the development. 8. Lectures in organic chemistry must be attended by all the students of chemical department. 9. A great number of experiments had to be made to obtain the required data.

  1. True or false? Find sentences in the text that support your point of view.

  1. IBM started in the late twentieth century as manufacturer of electromechanical office tabulating equipment.

  2. IBM took its current name in 1924.

  3. IBM immediately entered the computer business after the war.

  4. IBM always was the first-ranked computer producer.

  5. By the mid 1950s, IBM threatened to dominate the entire computer industry with its fast-selling Model 650.

  1. Complete the sentences according to the information in the text.

IBM capitalized on its manufacturing expertise ...

      1. to sell a full line of peripheral equipment.

      2. to produce a full line of peripheral equipment.

      3. to rent peripheral equipment.

    1. IBM also offered its computer ...

      1. for sale for the first time.

      2. for improvement for the first time.

      3. for expert for the first time.

    2. The models 360 and 370 led the company ...

      1. to bankruptcy.

      2. to dominance of both US and international markets.

      3. to establishment of a new joint venture with Japanese companies.

    3. By the time IBM came out with its own models, mini computers ...

      1. became very popular everywhere.

      2. were sold especially abroad.

LESSON 11

The Rise of Personal Computer.

        1. 1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:

Arrays of data- сукупність даних

A matter of month- справа місяця

Virtually-фактично

To rack up impressive sales- мати вражаючий збут

mighty computer industry- могутня комп’ютерна індустрія

freshman- першокурсник

advanced functions- передові функції

amenities- люб’язності

iteration of their design- повторення їх дизайну

immediate success- безпосередній успіх

spurred adoption- спонукати прийняти

outstripping sales- випередження збуту

convenient way- зручний

lower cost- нижча вартість

transition- переміщення

proprietary operating system- приватна операційна система

charge premium places- місця повіреного

protecting its mainframe business- захист головного бізнесу

profits- прибутки

shifted from- перебиратися

Under the continuing guidance of- під тривалим керівництвом

Amenity- люб’язність

Array- збудувати

Capability- здатність

Update- оновити