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4. General understanding:

1) What problems faced programmers in the 1940's and 1950's?

2) Why were the first programs «complex» and «time-consuming»?

3) What are the basic functions of operating system?

4) What does the abbreviation DOS mean?

5) What company developed the first version of DOS operating system? For what purpose was it done? Was the new operational system successful?

6) What is the difference between the PC-DOS and MS-DOS

7) What does the abbreviation NT stand for? Is NT DOS-compatible? What are the basic requirements for NT?

8) Who is the developer of OS/2?

9) What makes UNIX so different from the other op¬erational systems?

10) What are the special features of Windows 95, Win¬dows 98, Windows 2000?

  1. Translate the following word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Built-in, set of instructions, mathematical computations, permanently, to hold the software, instantly, stored data, misspelling, commercial software producers, temporary, externally, an amount, unlimited, at some point, to be filled, to transfer data, internal storage.

  1. Find the predicates and translate the sentences:

In the past centuries many universities were controlled by the church. 2. In the 17th century learned societies were organized in England and France. 3. In scientific monographs much space is often devoted to experimental work. 4. Groups of learned men were grouped together by their scientific interests. 5. July 15, 1662 is usually considered the date of foundation of the Royal Society of England.

  1. Find the international words and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

Science and labor are the main sources of progress. 2. M. Faraday’s principle of the dynamo is in use in the giant generators today. 3. Our planet has powerful sources of energy. 4. To provide young working people with better opportunities for receiving higher education many institutes in our country have preparatory courses. 5. This scientific discovery was the result of six years’ research. 6. By means of special instruments we can determine the physical and chemical properties of that substance. 7. No student could translate this article without a dictionary. 8. Almost half of the speakers at the conference were factory and office workers.

8. Match the following:

1) Like NT, ... is DOS compatible and provides a graphical user interface that lets you run programmes with a click of a mouse.

2)... is the most commonly used PC operating system

3)... is a multi-user operating system that allows mul¬tiple users to access the system

4)... is an operating system developed by Microsoft, an enhanced version of the popular Microsoft Windows programs.

5) The usage of... is so simple that even little kids learn how to use it very quickly.

a) UNIX

b)DOS

c) NT

d) OS/2

e) Windows 95

9. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.

1) When computers were first introduced in 40's and 50's programmers had to write programs to instruct CD-ROMs, laser printers and scanners.

2) The operational system controls and manages the use of the hardware and the memory.

3) There are no commands available in operating sys¬tems, they are only in word processors.

4) Microsoft developed MS-DOS to compete with IBM's PC-DOS.

5) NT requires computers with 486 CPU and 16 M ran¬dom access memory.

6) OS/2 is DOS compatible because it was developed by Microsoft.

7) Traditionally, UNIX was run by many users simul¬taneously.

8) Windows 95 and Windows 98 are DOS compatible and have very «friendly» and convenient interface.